United States congressional delegations from Idaho

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refer to caption
Map of Idaho's two congressional districts for the United States House of Representatives since 2023

Since Idaho became a U.S. state in 1890,[1] it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives, beginning with the 51st United States Congress. Prior to 1890, Idaho sent non-voting delegates to the House of Representatives from 1864 to 1889.[2] Each state elects two senators to serve for six years in general elections, with their re-election staggered. Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were elected by the Idaho Legislature.[3] Each state elects a varying number of, but at least one,[4] member of the House, depending on population, to two-year terms.[5] Idaho has sent two members to the House in each congressional delegation since the 1910 United States Census.[6]

A total of 63 unique individuals have represented Idaho in Congress; Idaho has had 26 senators and 44 representatives, and 7 have served in both the House and the Senate. Two women from Idaho, Gracie Pfost and Helen Chenoweth, have served in the House, while none have served in the Senate.[7]

Mike Crapo is currently the dean, or longest-serving member of Congress, of the Idaho delegation, having served in Congress since his election to the House of Representatives in 1992. Since 1998, he has been serving in the Senate.[8] Crapo is the second-longest serving senator in Idaho history,[9] after William Borah.[10]

Current delegation

Current U.S. senators from Idaho
Idaho

CPVI (2022):[11]
R+18
Class II senator Class III senator
Photograph of Jim Risch, the current junior senator from Idaho
Jim Risch
(Junior senator)
(Boise) 		Photograph of Mike Crapo, the current senior senator from Idaho
Mike Crapo
(Senior senator)
(Idaho Falls)
Party Republican Republican
Incumbent since[12] January 3, 2009 January 3, 1999

Idaho's current congressional delegation in the 118th Congress consists of its two senators and two representatives, all of whom are Republicans.[13] Idaho has not elected a Democratic member of Congress since Walt Minnick was elected in 2008;[14] he was defeated by Republican Raúl Labrador two years later in 2010.[15]

As of April 2023, the Cook Partisan Voting Index, a measure of how strongly partisan a state is,[16] ranked both House districts[17] and both Senate races[11] in Idaho as solidly Republican.

The dean, or longest-serving member of Congress, of the Idaho delegation is currently Mike Crapo, who has been serving in Congress since his election to the House of Representatives in 1992. After serving in the House for three terms, he was elected to the Senate in 1998.[8] Crapo is the second-longest serving senator in Idaho history,[9] after William Borah,[10] and is the first member of the Church of Latter-Day Saints to represent Idaho in the Senate.[8] Mike Simpson, who represents Idaho's 2nd congressional district, is tied with Burton L. French as the longest-serving representative from Idaho,[9] both having been elected for thirteen terms.[18]

Current U.S. representatives from Idaho
District Member
(Residence)[19] 		Party Incumbent since CPVI
(2022)[20] 		District map
1st Portrait of Russ Fulcher, the current U.S. representative for the 1st district of Idaho
Russ Fulcher
(Meridian) 		Republican January 3, 2019[21] R+22 Map of Idaho's 1st congressional district
2nd Portrait of Mike Simpson, the current U.S. representative for the 2nd district of Idaho
Mike Simpson
(Idaho Falls) 		Republican January 3, 1999[22] R+14 Map of Idaho's 2nd congressional district

United States Senate

Main article: List of United States senators from Idaho
refer to caption
William Borah, Idaho senator who advocated for the passage of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments, establishing the graduated income tax and popular election of Senators, respectively, but opposed the Nineteenth Amendment, which prohibited disenfranchisement on account of sex.[23]
refer to caption
Frank Church, the last Democratic Idaho senator, known for chairing the Church Committee[24]
refer to caption
Jim McClure, senator from Idaho who chaired the Senate Republican Conference from 1981 to 1985[25]

26 people have served as a U.S. senator from Idaho,[12] all of them men.[7] The longest-serving senator from Idaho, William Borah, was an influential Republican legislator who eventually became the dean of the Senate during his 33 years of service. He was known for his political views independent of the Republican Party and influence on the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, eventually becoming its chairman.[26][27] He was instrumental in the passage of the Sixteenth and the Seventeenth Amendments, establishing the graduated income tax and popular election of Senators, respectively, but opposed the Nineteenth Amendment, which prohibited disenfranchisement the right to vote on account of sex.[23] The last Democratic senator from Idaho was Frank Church, who similarly served for 24 years on the Foreign Relations Committee, including two years as chairman. He also served as chairman of the Church Committee, whose reports helped pass the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.[28][24] Senator Jim McClure also rose to leadership positions, including as the chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1981 to 1985, and as the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.[25]

Senators are elected every six years depending on their class, with each senator serving a six-year term, and elections for senators occurring every two years, rotating through each class such that in each election, around one-third of the seats in the Senate are up for election.[29] Idaho's senators are elected in classes II and III.[12]

  Democratic (D)   Populist (Pop)   Republican (R)

Senators from Idaho[12]
Class II senator Congress Class III senator
George L. Shoup (R) 51st (1889–1891) William McConnell (R)
52nd (1891–1893) Fred Dubois (R)
53rd (1893–1895)
54th (1895–1897)
55th (1897–1899) Henry Heitfeld (Pop)
56th (1899–1901)
Fred Dubois (D) 57th (1901–1903)
58th (1903–1905) Weldon B. Heyburn (R)[a]
59th (1905–1907)
William Borah (R)[b] 60th (1907–1909)
61st (1909–1911)
62nd (1911–1913)
Kirtland I. Perky (D)[c]
James H. Brady (R)[d]
63rd (1913–1915)
64th (1915–1917)
65th (1917–1919)
John F. Nugent (D)[e]
66th (1919–1921)
Frank R. Gooding (R)[f]
67th (1921–1923)
68th (1923–1925)
69th (1925–1927)
70th (1927–1929)
John Thomas (R)
71st (1929–1931)
72nd (1931–1933)
73rd (1933–1935) James P. Pope (D)
74th (1935–1937)
75th (1937–1939)
76th (1939–1941) D. Worth Clark (D)
John Thomas (R)[g]
77th (1941–1943)
78th (1943–1945)
79th (1945–1947) Glen H. Taylor (D)
Charles C. Gossett (D)[h]
Henry Dworshak (R)
80th (1947–1949)
Bert H. Miller (D)[i] 81st (1949–1951)
Henry Dworshak (R)[j]
82nd (1951–1953) Herman Welker (R)
83rd (1953–1955)
84th (1955–1957)
85th (1957–1959) Frank Church (D)
86th (1959–1961)
87th (1961–1963)
Leonard B. Jordan (R)
88th (1963–1965)
89th (1965–1967)
90th (1967–1969)
91st (1969–1971)
92nd (1971–1973)
Jim McClure (R) 93rd (1973–1975)
94th (1975–1977)
95th (1977–1979)
96th (1979–1981)
97th (1981–1983) Steve Symms (R)
98th (1983–1985)
99th (1985–1987)
100th (1987–1989)
101st (1989–1991)
Larry Craig (R) 102nd (1991–1993)
103rd (1993–1995) Dirk Kempthorne (R)
104th (1995–1997)
105th (1997–1999)
106th (1999–2001) Mike Crapo (R)
107th (2001–2003)
108th (2003–2005)
109th (2005–2007)
110th (2007–2009)
Jim Risch (R) 111th (2009–2011)
112th (2011–2013)
113th (2013–2015)
114th (2015–2017)
115th (2017–2019)
116th (2019–2021)
117th (2021–2023)
118th (2023–2025)

United States House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives from Idaho
refer to caption
William H. Wallace, the first person to represent Idaho in Congress, as a non-voting delegate, who had also served as Idaho's first territorial governor[40]
refer to caption
Gracie Pfost, the first female member of the House from Idaho[7]
refer to caption
Walt Minnick, the last Democrat to have represented Idaho in Congress[14]

Since the establishment of Idaho Territory, 44 people have served Idaho in the House of Representatives. Of those, only two have been women: Gracie Pfost, who served in the House from 1953 to 1962, and Helen Chenoweth, who served in the House from 1995 to 2000.[7] No African-Americans have ever served Idaho in the House.[41]

From 1864 to 1890, Idaho elected a non-voting delegate to the House. After statehood in 1890, the state sent one member to the House until 1913, when Idaho gained a seat in the House after the 1910 census. The representatives were elected at-large until Idaho's congressional districts were drawn in 1919.[18] Idaho has sent two members to the House in each congressional delegation since then.[18] One member of the House of Representatives is sent from each district via a popular vote.[4] Districts are redrawn every ten years, after data from the US Census is collected.[42]

1864–1890: 1 non-voting delegate

Starting on February 1, 1864, Idaho Territory sent a non-voting delegate to the House.

  Democratic (D)   Independent (I)   Republican (R)

Delegates to the House of Representatives from Idaho from 1864 to 1890
Congress Delegate from
territory's at-large district
38th (1863–1865) William H. Wallace (R)
39th (1865–1867) Edward D. Holbrook (D)
40th (1867–1869)
41st (1869–1871) Jacob K. Shafer (D)
42nd (1871–1873) Samuel A. Merritt (D)
43rd (1873–1875) John Hailey (D)
44th (1875–1877) Thomas W. Bennett (I)[k]
Stephen S. Fenn (D)
45th (1877–1879)
46th (1879–1881) George Ainslie (D)
47th (1881–1883)
48th (1883–1885) Theodore Frelinghuysen Singiser (R)
49th (1885–1887) John Hailey (D)
50th (1887–1889) Fred Dubois (R)
51st (1889–1891)

1890–1913: 1 seat

Following statehood on July 3, 1890, Idaho had one seat in the House.

  Democratic (D)   Populist Party (United States) (Pop)   Republican (R)   Silver Republican (SvR)

Members of the House of Representatives from Idaho from 1890 to 1913
Congress At-large district
51st (1889–1891) Willis Sweet (R)
52nd (1891–1893)
53rd (1893–1895)
54th (1895–1897) Edgar Wilson (R)
55th (1897–1899) James Gunn (Pop)
56th (1899–1901) Edgar Wilson (SvR)
57th (1901–1903) Thomas L. Glenn (Pop)
58th (1903–1905) Burton L. French (R)
59th (1905–1907)
60th (1907–1909)
61st (1909–1911) Thomas Ray Hamer (R)
62nd (1911–1913) Burton L. French (R)

1913–present: 2 seats

Following the 1910 census, Idaho was apportioned a second seat. It elected both seats statewide at-large on a general ticket, until 1919, when it redistricted into two districts.

  Democratic (D)   Republican (R)

Members of the House of Representatives from Idaho from 1913 to 1919
Congress Elected on a general ticket
from Idaho's at-large district
1st seat 2nd seat
63rd (1913–1915) Burton L. French (R) Addison T. Smith (R)
64th (1915–1917) Robert M. McCracken (R)
65th (1917–1919) Burton L. French (R)
Members of the House of Representatives from Idaho from 1919 to present
Congress Districts
1st 2nd
66th (1919–1921) Burton L. French (R) Addison T. Smith (R)
67th (1921–1923)
68th (1923–1925)
69th (1925–1927)
70th (1927–1929)
71st (1929–1931)
72nd (1931–1933)
73rd (1933–1935) Compton I. White (D) Thomas C. Coffin (D)[l]
74th (1935–1937) D. Worth Clark (D)
75th (1937–1939)
76th (1939–1941) Henry Dworshak (R)[m]
77th (1941–1943)
78th (1943–1945)
79th (1945–1947)
80th (1947–1949) Abe Goff (R) John C. Sanborn (R)
81st (1949–1951) Compton I. White (D)
82nd (1951–1953) John Travers Wood (R) Hamer H. Budge (R)
83rd (1953–1955) Gracie Pfost (D)
84th (1955–1957)
85th (1957–1959)
86th (1959–1961)
87th (1961–1963) Ralph R. Harding (D)
88th (1963–1965) Compton I. White Jr. (D)
89th (1965–1967) George V. Hansen (R)
90th (1967–1969) Jim McClure (R)
91st (1969–1971) Orval H. Hansen (R)
92nd (1971–1973)
93rd (1973–1975) Steve Symms (R)
94th (1975–1977) George V. Hansen (R)
95th (1977–1979)
96th (1979–1981)
97th (1981–1983) Larry Craig (R)
98th (1983–1985)
99th (1985–1987) Richard H. Stallings (D)
100th (1987–1989)
101st (1989–1991)
102nd (1991–1993) Larry LaRocco (D)
103rd (1993–1995) Mike Crapo (R)
104th (1995–1997) Helen Chenoweth (R)
105th (1997–1999)
106th (1999–2001) Mike Simpson (R)
107th (2001–2003) Butch Otter (R)
108th (2003–2005)
109th (2005–2007)
110th (2007–2009) Bill Sali (R)
111th (2009–2011) Walt Minnick (D)
112th (2011–2013) Raúl Labrador (R)
113th (2013–2015)
114th (2015–2017)
115th (2017–2019)
116th (2019–2021) Russ Fulcher (R)
117th (2021–2023)
118th (2023–2025)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Senator Heyburn died in office.[30]
  2. ^ Senator Borah died in office.[26]
  3. ^ Senator Perky was appointed to the position in November 1912 by Governor James H. Hawley to fill the vacancy caused by Senator Heyburn's death.[31] When Senator James H. Brady was elected to fill Hawley's empty seat in January 1913, Senator Perky was replaced.[32]
  4. ^ Senator Brady died in office.[33]
  5. ^ Senator Nugent resigned from the Senate to become the chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, appointed by President Woodrow Wilson.[34]
  6. ^ Senator Gooding died in office.[35]
  7. ^ Senator Thomas died while in office.[36]
  8. ^ Senator Gossett resigned from his position as Governor of Idaho and was appointed by Governor Arnold Williams, who was his lieutenant governor, to fill the seat of Senator John Thomas.[37]
  9. ^ Senator Miller died in office.[38]
  10. ^ Senator Dworshak died while in office.[39]
  11. ^ Representative Bennett's election to Congress was successfully contested by Stephen S. Fenn, who succeeded him on June 23, 1876.[43]
  12. ^ Representative Coffin died while in office.[44]
  13. ^ Representative Dworshak resigned on November 5, 1946, to serve Idaho in the Senate.[45]

References

  1. ^ "Stats for Stories: Idaho 130th Anniversary of Statehood (1890): July 3, 2020". United States Census Bureau. July 3, 2020. Archived from the original on June 3, 2024. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  2. ^ Biographical directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005: the Continental Congress, September 5, 1774, to October 21, 1788, and the Congress of the United States, from the First through the One Hundred Eighth Congresses, March 4, 1789, to January 3, 2005, inclusive (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 2005. p. 54. ISBN 0-16-073176-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  3. ^ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) | National Archives". National Archives. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on April 8, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  4. ^ a b Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution of United States (1787)
  5. ^ "Congressional elections and midterm elections | USAGov". USA.gov. Archived from the original on April 6, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  6. ^ "Historical Apportionment Data (1910-2020)". United States Census Bureau. April 26, 2021. Archived from the original on July 18, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d "Idaho". Center for American Women and Politics. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c Tomco, Brigham; Bates, Suzanne (May 24, 2023). "How Idaho's subdued statesman became one of the most powerful politicians in Washington". Deseret News. Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c Fixler, Kevin (November 10, 2022). "Idaho's three Republican incumbents sweep reelection campaigns for Congress". Idaho Statesman. McClatchy Media Network. Archived from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  10. ^ a b Nelson, Rett (March 29, 2023). "The rise of Idaho's longest-serving US senator and his affair with former president's daughter". East Idaho News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  11. ^ a b "2022 Cook PVI℠: State Map and List". Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Archived from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d "U.S. Senate: States in the Senate | Idaho Senators". United States Senate. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  13. ^ "Congressional Delegation". Idaho State Legislature. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  14. ^ a b Klein, Matthew (May 31, 2023). "2024 House Race Analysis: Idaho". Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  15. ^ Bonner, Jessie L. (November 3, 2010). "Raul Labrador wins Idaho's 1st District seat". KBOI. Sinclair. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  16. ^ Paul, Megan; Zhang, Ruya; Liu, Bian; Saadai, Payam; Coakley, Brian A. (January 2022). "State-level political partisanship strongly correlates with health outcomes for US children". European Journal of Pediatrics. 181 (1): 273–280. doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04203-y. PMID 34272984. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  17. ^ "2023 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (118th Congress)". Cook Political Report. April 5, 2023. Archived from the original on June 28, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  18. ^ a b c Idaho Blue Book (PDF) (27th ed.). Boise, Idaho: Idaho Secretary of State. 2023. pp. 47–57. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 20, 2024. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  19. ^ "Member Profiles". Office of the Clerk. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  20. ^ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. July 12, 2022. Archived from the original on December 27, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  21. ^ "Fulcher, Russell". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  22. ^ "Simpson, Michael K." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  23. ^ a b "U.S. Senate: William Borah: A Featured Biography". United States Senate. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  24. ^ a b NCC Staff (January 27, 2019). "Looking back at the Church Committee | Constitution Center". National Constitution Center. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  25. ^ a b Martin, Douglas (March 3, 2011). "James McClure, Powerful Western Senator, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 16, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  26. ^ a b "William E. Borah, Senator 33 Years, is Dead in Capital". The New York Times. New York, New York. January 20, 1940. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  27. ^ Glass, Andrew (January 23, 2018). "Senate holds funeral service for William Borah, Jan. 23, 1940". Politico. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  28. ^ "U.S. Senate: Frank Church: A Featured Biography". United States Senate. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  29. ^ "U.S. Senate: About the Senate and the Constitution". United States Senate. Archived from the original on December 4, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  30. ^ "Idaho Senator Dies Suddenly". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. October 18, 1912. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ^ "Governor Hawley Appoints Judge K. I. Perky to the Senatorship". The Idaho Statesman. Boise, Idaho. November 18, 1912. p. 14. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ^ "Idaho's Choice Was Wise". The Idaho Statesman. Boise, Idaho. January 25, 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ^ "Idaho Senator Dies Sunday". Bonners Ferry Herald. Bonners Ferry, Idaho. January 15, 1918. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "Nugent Resigns as Senator". Cottonwood Chronicle. Cottonwood, Idaho. December 31, 1920. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ^ "Senator Gooding of Idaho Dies at 68". The New York Times. New York, New York. June 25, 1928. p. 21. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  36. ^ "Senator Thomas of Idaho is Dead". The New York Times. New York, New York. November 11, 1945. p. 42. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  37. ^ "Gossett Succeeds Late John Thomas as Gem State Solon". The Idaho Statesman. Boise, Idaho. November 18, 1945. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ "Sen. Bert Miller Passes in Capital of Heart Seizure". The Times-News. Twin Falls, Idaho. October 9, 1949. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ^ "Henry Dworshak of Senate is Dead". The New York Times. New York, New York. July 24, 1962. p. 27. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
  40. ^ "Wallace, William Henson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  41. ^ "African American Members of the U.S. Congress: 1870-2020". Congressional Research Service. December 15, 2020. Archived from the original on May 16, 2024. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  42. ^ Corasaniti, Nick; Epstein, Reid J.; Johnston, Taylor; Lieberman, Rebecca; Weingart, Eden (November 8, 2021). "How Maps Reshape American Politics". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
  43. ^ "Bennett, Thomas Warren". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on December 29, 2023. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  44. ^ Brown, Harry J. (June 9, 1934). "Funeral Party to Leave for Idaho Sunday Evening With Body". The Idaho Statesman. Boise, Idaho. p. 1. Archived from the original on July 1, 2024. Retrieved July 1, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ "Dworshak, Henry Clarence". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Archived from the original on November 30, 2023. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
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