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{{Short description|1939 song by Jerome Kern}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}

"'''All the Things You Are'''" is a song composed by [[Jerome Kern]] with lyrics written by [[Oscar Hammerstein II]].

The song was written for the musical ''[[Very Warm for May]]'' (1939)<ref name=shof>[http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C67 "Jerome Kern"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225184924/http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibits/C67 |date=2016-12-25 }}. Songwriters Hall of Fame</ref><ref name="standards">{{cite book |last1=Gioia |first1=Ted |title=The Jazz Standards: A Guide to the Repertoire |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York City |isbn=978-0-19-993739-4 |pages=15–17}}</ref> and was introduced by [[Hiram Sherman]], [[Frances Mercer]], [[Hollace Shaw]], and [[Ralph Stuart]].<ref name="PaymerPost1999">{{cite book|last1=Paymer|first1=Marvin E. |last2=Post|first2=Don E. |title=Sentimental Journey: Intimate Portraits of America's Great Popular Songs, 1920–1945|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MNtkSqYzpoC&pg=PA369|access-date=21 August 2016 |year=1999 |publisher=Noble House |isbn=978-1-881907-09-1 |pages=369–}}</ref> It appeared in the film ''[[Broadway Rhythm]]'' (1944) when it was sung by [[Ginny Simms]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Internet Movie Database |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0036673/soundtrack?ref_=tt_trv_snd |website=imdb.com |access-date=February 2, 2021}}</ref> and again in the Kern biopic ''[[Till the Clouds Roll By]]'' (1946), sung by [[Tony Martin (American singer)|Tony Martin]].<ref name="js">{{cite web |title=All the Things You Are |url=http://www.jazzstandards.com/compositions-0/allthethingsyouare.htm |website=www.jazzstandards.com |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>

Popular recordings of the song in 1939 were by [[Tommy Dorsey]] and His Orchestra (vocal by Jack Leonard), [[Artie Shaw]] and His Orchestra (vocal by [[Helen Forrest]]) and [[Frankie Masters]] and His Orchestra (vocal by Harlan Rogers).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Whitburn |first1=Joel |title=Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954 |date=1986 |publisher=Record Research Inc. |location=Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin |isbn=0-89820-083-0 |page=469}}</ref> The song has been recorded by a great many artists <ref>{{cite web |title=secondhandsongs.com |url=https://secondhandsongs.com/work/4837/versions#nav-entity |website=secondhandsongs.com |access-date=February 2, 2021}}</ref> and is considered a [[jazz standard]].

==Form and harmony==
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{{Original research section|date=July 2023}}
Its verse is rarely sung in the 2020s, but the chorus has become a favorite with many jazz musicians. The chorus is a 36-measure AA<sub>2</sub>BA<sub>3</sub> form with two twists on the usual [[32-bar form|32-bar]] AABA song-form: A<sub>2</sub> transposes the initial A section down a fourth, while the final A<sub>3</sub> section adds an extra four bars.

{{Listen|filename=AllTheThingsYouAre-bar1thru8.ogg|title=Play the initial A section chords|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}
[[Image:AllTheThingsYouAre-bar1thru8.jpg]]

Note:  The harmonic analysis demonstrates a functional chord progression using the [[circle of fifths]].  This type of progression generally relies on the roots of the chords being a 4th apart. Taking the main key of measures 1 to 5 as [[A-flat major]], the chords can be considered as vi–ii–V–I–IV in A-flat major.  (Fm7 is the sixth degree in A{{music|flat}}; B{{music|flat}}m7 is second degree in A{{music|flat}}, etc.)  Using a delay cycle, D{{music|flat}} being the [[tritone substitution]] for G7, the last 3 bars of the A section modulates to the key of C major temporarily.
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The chords of the A<sub>2</sub> section precisely echo those of the initial eight measure A section, except the roots of each chord in the initial A section are lowered (transposed down) by a [[perfect 4th]]. Thus, Fm7 in A becomes Cm7 in A<sub>2</sub>, B{{music|flat}}m7 becomes Fm7, E{{music|flat}}7 becomes B{{music|flat}}7, etc. In the same vein, the melody sung over A<sub>2</sub> is identical to the A section melody, though every note is also lowered by a perfect 4th.

{{Listen|filename=AllThe_ThingsYouAre-bars9thru16.ogg|title=Play the transposed A<sub>2</sub> section chords|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}
[[Image:AllTheThingsYouAre-Bar9thru16.jpg]]
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{{Listen|filename=AllTheThingsYouAre-bars17thru24.ogg|title=Play the B section chord sequence|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}
[[Image:AllTheThingsYouAre-bar17thru24.jpg]]

The bridge of this piece, section B, is another example of a functional chord progression in the keys of G major and E Major.  In bars 1-4 of this section, it is a simple [[ii–V–I progression]].  Using a common chord substitution, the F{{music|sharp}}º chord in measure 5 functions as viiº in the key of G major and iiº in the key of E minor.  Then using simple [[Borrowed chord|modal mixture]], the B7 chord is used to bridge from E minor to E major in bar 7.  (Note:  although there is no E minor chord in the composition during this section, it is important to note the relationship of the F{{music|sharp}}º chord to E major.  Without the technique of [[Borrowed chord|modal mixture]], the use of major tonalities and minor tonalities simultaneously, E minor & E major, the F{{music|sharp}} would have been simply minor and introduced an additional pitch, C{{music|sharp}} to the harmony.) The E major 7 voice leads smoothly to C7 [[altered chord|altered]]; for example, lowering the B to B{{music|flat}} forms Emaj7{{music|flat}}5, or rootless C7{{music|sharp}}5{{music|sharp}}9.
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The first five measures of A<sub>3</sub> are identical to the initial 8 measure long A and A<sub>2</sub> sections. In the 6th measure, A<sub>3</sub> takes a new path that does not come to an end until the 12th measure of the section. The G{{music|flat}}7 or D{{music|flat}} minor chord in measure 6 is a [[borrowed chord]] from A{{music|flat}} minor.

{{Listen|filename=AllThethingsYouAre-bars25thru36.ogg|title=Play the chords of the lengthened A<sub>3</sub> section|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}
[[Image:AllTheThingsYouAre-bar25thru36.jpg]]

The modulations in this song are unusual for a pop song of the period and present challenges to a singer or improviser, including a semitone modulation that ends each A section (these modulations start with measure 6 in the A and A<sub>2</sub> sections and measure 9 of the A<sub>3</sub> section), and a striking use of [[enharmonic]] substitution at the turnaround of the B section (last two measures of the B Section), where the G{{music|sharp}} melody note over a E major chord turns into an A{{music|flat}} over the F minor 7 of measure 1 of section A<sub>3</sub>.

Because of its combination of a strong melody and challenging but logical chord structure, "All the Things You Are" has become a popular [[jazz standard]]. Its [[Chord progression|changes]] have been used for such [[contrafact]] tunes as "Bird of Paradise" by [[Charlie Parker]],<ref name="standards" /> "Prince Albert" by [[Kenny Dorham]], "All The Things That You Can C#" by [[Charles Mingus]], and "Boston Bernie" by [[Dexter Gordon]]. "Thingin'" by [[Lee Konitz]] introduced a further harmonic twist by transposing the chords of the second half of the tune by a [[tritone]].

The verses start with these lines:

:Time and again I've longed for adventure
:Something to make my heart beat the faster
:What did I long for, I never really knew

==Other versions==
* Judy Garland: NBC Radio, "The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope," February 13, 1940.
* [[Tommy Dorsey]] with Jack Leonard (1939)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Adelaide Hall]]'s recording of the song reached #26 in the U.K. singles chart in December, 1940.
* [[Artie Shaw]] with [[Helen Forrest]] (1939)<ref name="standards"/><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1633210/m1/#track/2 |title = Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #3|year = 1972}}</ref>
* [[Tony Martin (American singer)|Tony Martin]] - ''All the Things You Are / It's a Blue World'' (1940)
* [[Dizzy Gillespie]] with [[Charlie Parker]] (1945, 1953)<ref name="standards" />
* Charlie Parker with Miles Davis – "Bird of Paradise" (1947)
* [[Modern Jazz Quartet]]<ref name="standards" /> ''The Modern Jazz Quartet Quintet recorded 1952 and 1954'' (Prestige)
* [[Chet Baker|Chet Baker Quartet]] with [[Russ Freeman (pianist)|Russ Freeman]] - ''[[Chet Baker Quartet featuring Russ Freeman]]'' (1953) <ref name="standards" />
* [[Art Pepper]]<ref name="standards" /> - ''[[Art Pepper with Warne Marsh]]'' (1956) Released 1986
* [[Johnny Griffin]] with [[John Coltrane]] and [[Lee Morgan]] – ''[[A Blowing Session]]'' (1957)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Sarah Vaughan]] – ''Great Songs from Hit Shows'' (1957)<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/120443667/lincolnshire-echo/ "Recommended Long-Playing Recordings"]. ''Lincolnshire Echo''. October 18, 1957. p.&nbsp;6. Retrieved March 8, 2023.</ref>
* [[Billy Butterfield]] and [[Ray Conniff]] - ''[[Conniff Meets Butterfield]]'' (1959) 
* [[Barry Mann]] (1959)<ref>[https://www.45cat.com/record/nc612312us Barry Mann, "All the Things You Are" single release] Retrieved April 16, 2023.</ref>
* [[Vi Redd]] - ''Bird Call'' (1962)
* [[Bill Evans|Bill Evans Trio]] - ''[[At Shelly's Manne-Hole]]'' (1963)
* [[Ella Fitzgerald]] - ''[[Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Jerome Kern Song Book]]'' (1963)
* [[Sonny Rollins]] and [[Coleman Hawkins]] with [[Paul Bley]] – ''[[Sonny Meets Hawk!]]'' (1963)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Baden Powell (guitarist)]] - ''Tristeza On Guitar'' (1967)
* [[Barbra Streisand]] - ''[[Simply Streisand]]'' (1967)
* [[Stan Getz]]<ref name="standards" /> - ''[[The Song Is You (Stan Getz album)]]'' (1969)
* [[Michael Jackson]] - ''[[Music & Me|Music And Me]]'' (1973)
* [[Joe Pass]] - ''[[Virtuoso (Joe Pass album)|Virtuoso]]'' (1973)
* [[Dave Brubeck]] with [[Anthony Braxton]] and [[Lee Konitz]] – ''[[All the Things We Are]]'' (1974)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Gerry Mulligan]] – ''Mullenium'' (1977)<ref name="mulligan">{{cite web |last1=Yanow |first1=Scott |title=Mullenium |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/mullenium-mw0000600041?adc67fece8af6d668004f1e4125144ac |website=AllMusic |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Woody Shaw]] with [[Bobby Hutcherson]] – ''[[Night Music (Woody Shaw album)|Night Music]]'' (1982)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Keith Jarrett]] – ''[[Standards, Vol. 1]]'' (1983)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Larry Coryell]] – ''Shining Hour'' (1989)<ref name="Shining">{{cite web |last1=Yanow |first1=Scott |title=Shining Hour |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/shining-hour-mw0000317301 |website=AllMusic |access-date=5 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[Gonzalo Rubalcaba]] with [[Charlie Haden]] and [[Paul Motian]] – ''Discovery'' (1990)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Sylvia McNair]] and [[André Previn]] - ''[[Sure Thing: The Jerome Kern Songbook]]'' (1994)
* [[Phil Woods]] with [[Vincent Herring]] and [[Antonio Hart]] – ''[[Alto Summit]]'' (1995)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Brad Mehldau]] – ''[[Art of the Trio 4: Back at the Vanguard]]'' (1999)<ref name="standards" />
* [[Bud Shank]]<ref name="standards" />
* [[Carly Simon]] - ''[[Moonlight Serenade]]'' (2005)
* [[Will Young]] - OST of ''[[Mrs Henderson Presents]]'' (2005)
* [[Lennie Tristano]]<ref name="standards" />
* John McGlinn, conductor, London Sinfonietta, Ambrosian Chorus and soloists, original 1939 orchestration by Robert Russell Bennett. EMI Records Ltd. 1992
* [[Niels-Henning Orsted Pedersen & Mulgrew Miller]] -''[[The Duo-Live!]]'' (2000)
* VARITDA - Mood2:Jazz In The city (2022)

==See also==
*[[List of 1930s jazz standards]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.jazzguitar.be/blog/all-the-things-you-are/ "All the Things You Are" for Jazz Guitar]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:All The Things You Are}}
[[Category:1939 songs]]
[[Category:Songs from musicals]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Jerome Kern]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II]]
[[Category:1930s jazz standards]]
[[Category:Jazz compositions in A-flat major]]
[[Category:Pop standards]]
[[Category:Irene Dunne songs]]