Apulum (castra)

Apulum
Apulum
	Porta Principalis Dextra
	Location within Romania
Alternative name(s)	Apula, Apulon
Known also as	Castra of Alba Iulia
Founded during the reign of	Trajan
Founded	107 – 108
Abandoned	4th century AD
Attested by	Tabula Peutingeriana
Place in the Roman world
Province	Dacia
Administrative unit	Dacia Apulensis
Administrative unit	Dacia Superior
Directly connected to	(Ighiu); (Stremț); (Cigmău);
Structure
— Stone structure —
Size and area	440 m × 430 m (18.9 ha)
Stationed military units
— Legions —
	XIII Gemina, I Adiutrix
Location
Coordinates	46°02′50″N 23°34′0″E / 46.04722°N 23.56667°E
Altitude	245 m
Town	Alba Iulia
County	Alba
Country	Romania
Reference
RO-LMI	AB-I-m-A-00001.01
RO-RAN	1026.01
Site notes
Recognition	National Historical Monument
Condition	Ruined

Apulum was a legionary fortress in the Roman province of Dacia from the 2nd to 4th centuries AD, located in today's Alba Iulia, Romania.^[6]

It is the largest castrum in Romania, occupying 37.5 hectares (93 acres) (750 x 500 m). It was the base of the legion Legio XIII Gemina transferred there by Trajan to the newly conquered province of Dacia at the end of the war in 106. In the era of Hadrian (117-138 AD) and of Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD) it was rebuilt in stone.

The city of Apulum grew up around the fortress, eventually becoming the capital of Roman Dacia.

The legion was relocated in 271 to Dacia Aureliana when the northern Dacia province was evacuated

The types of coins discovered

^ ^a ^b Schütte, Gudmund (1917). "Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe, a reconstruction of the prototypes". The Royal Danish Geographical Society. Retrieved 2013-05-04.
^ ^a ^b Domșa, Ovidiu (2009). "Virtual reconstruction of Roman military Apulum camp" (PDF). p. 6. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010 ("2010 List of Historic Monuments")" (PDF). Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, Nr. 670 ("Romania's Official Journal, Part I, Nr. 670"), page 3. Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional. 1 October 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-10. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
^ Constantin C. Petolescu: Dacia – Un mileniu de istorie, Ed. Academiei Române, 2010, ISBN 978-973-27-1999-2
^ Academia Română: Istoria Românilor, Vol. 2, Daco-romani, romanici, alogeni, 2nd. Ed., București 2010, ISBN 978-973-45-0610-1
^ ^a ^b "1026.01". National Archaeological Record of Romania (RAN). ran.cimec.ro. 2010-10-22. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2012-12-30.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Apulum Archaeology". Retrieved 2013-05-02.

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