Ahmadiyаh

Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah
Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at
	Menara Putih dan bendera Ahmadiyah di Qadian, India, yang melambangkan Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Jenis	Firkah Islam
Kitab suci	Al-Qur'an
Khalifah	Mirza Masroor Ahmad
Pendiri	Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Didirikan	Abad ke-19 ; India Britania
Terpisah dari	Islam Sunni
Jumlah pengikut	10–20 juta[butuh rujukan]

Ahmadiyah (IPA: /ˌɑːməˈdiːə/),^[1]^[2]^[3] secara resmi bernama Jemaat Muslim Ahmadiyah^[4]^[5] (bahasa Arab: الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية, translit. al-Jamāʿah al-Islāmīyah al-Aḥmadīyah) adalah sebuah aliran kebangkitan Islam^[6]^[7]^[8] yang berasal dari Punjab, India Britania, pada akhir abad ke-19. Kemudian organisasi ini ditentang oleh Ahmadiyah Lahore akibat perbedaan ideologi mengenai kenabian Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. ^[9]^[10]^[11]

Organisasi ini didirikan oleh Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), yang mengklaim telah diangkat secara ilahi sebagai Mahdi dan Isa yang diharapkan umat Islam untuk muncul menjelang akhir zaman dengan cara damai sebagai kemenangan akhir umat Islam;^[12] serta sosok eskatologis yang diharapkan dari tradisi agama besar lainnya.^[13] Penganut Ahmadiyah^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]—dikenal sebagai Muslim Ahmadi.

Sejarah

Pemikiran Ahmadiyah menekankan keyakinan bahwa Islam adalah keputusan terakhir bagi umat manusia sebagaimana diwahyukan kepada Muhammad dan perlunya mengembalikannya ke bentuk aslinya yang sebenarnya, yang telah hilang selama berabad-abad.^[9] Penganutnya menganggap Mirza Ghulam Ahmad muncul sebagai Mahdi—mengemban sifat-sifat Isa—untuk merevitalisasi Islam dan menggerakkan sistem moralnya yang akan membawa perdamaian abadi.^[18]

Kemudian penganutnya percaya bahwa atas bimbingan ilahi Mirza Ghulam Ahmad membersihkan Islam dari penambahan asing dalam keyakinan dan tata cara beribadah dengan memperjuangkan apa adanya, dalam pandangan penganutnya, ajaran asli Islam seperti yang dipraktikkan oleh Muhammad dan komunitas Muslim awal.^[19]^[20] Ahmadiyah dengan demikian memandang dirinya sebagai pemimpin penyebaran dan kebangkitan Islam.^[21]

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad mendirikan organisasi ini pada tanggal 23 Maret 1889 dengan secara resmi menerima kesetiaan dari para pengikutnya. Sejak kematiannya, organisasi ini dipimpin oleh penerus yang disebut Khalifah. Pada tahun 2017 telah menyebar ke 210 negara dan teritori di dunia dengan konsentrasi di Asia Selatan, Afrika Barat, Afrika Timur, dan Indonesia (Jakarta). Ahmadiyah memiliki tradisi dakwah yang kuat, setelah membentuk organisasi dakwah Muslim pertama yang tiba di Inggris dan negara-negara Barat lainnya.^[22] Saat ini, komunitas tersebut dipimpin oleh khalifahnya, Mirza Masroor Ahmad, dan diperkirakan berjumlah antara 10–20 juta di seluruh dunia.^[23]^[24]^[25]

Gerakan ini hampir seluruhnya merupakan satu kelompok yang sangat terorganisir. Namun dalam sejarah awal komunitas, beberapa Ahmadi berbeda pendapat tentang status kenabian Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. Kemudian mereka membentuk organisasi Ahmadiyah Lahore, sebagai bentuk tentangan dari arus Ahmadiyah utama. Pengakuan Ahmadiyah atas Mirza Ghulam Ahmad sebagai seorang nabi telah dicirikan sebagai sesat oleh Muslim yang percaya bahwa Muhammad adalah nabi terakhir, dan gerakan Ahmadiyah telah menghadapi penolakan dan penganiayaan di banyak bagian dunia.^[26]^[25]^[27]^[28]^[29] Istilah Qādiyānī digunakan untuk menamakan gerakan tersebut.^[30]

Referensi

^ "Ahmadiyya". Oxford English Dictionary (edisi ke-Online). Oxford University Press. Templat:OEDsub
^ "Ahmadiyya". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-31.
^ "Ahmadiyyah". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2019.
^ "History of the Ahmadiyya Community". Human Rights Watch. 2005.
^ Knipp, Kersten (2019-07-07). "Who are the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat?". Deutsche Welle. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2022.
^ Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority Movement in South Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 2. ISBN 978-0253015297.
^ Friedmann, Yohanan (2011). "The Ahmadiyyah Movement". Oxford Bibliographies.
^ Özaykal, K. A. (2016). "Messianic Legitimacy: the case of Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya Movements". Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Theology (35): 217–256.
^ ^a ^b Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. hlm. xv. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
^
*Morgan, Diane (2009). Essential Islam: A comprehensive guide to belief and practice. Greenwood Press. hlm. 242. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1.
- "Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat".
^ Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A., ed. (2012). "Ahmadiya". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (edisi ke-Second). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
^
Multiple sources:
- Preckel, Claudia (2013). "Screening Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān's Library: The use of Ḥanbalī literature in 19th century Bhopal". Dalam Krawietz, B.; Tamer, G. Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Berlin, DE: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 174, 208. ISBN 9783110285345.
- Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The relativity of categorizing in the context of the Aḥmadiyya". Die Welt des Islams. 48 (3/4): 376. doi:10.1163/157006008X364749. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 27798273.
- Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 20. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.
- Rafiq, B.A. (1978). Truth about Ahmadiyyat, Reflection of all the Prophets. London Mosque. ISBN 0-85525-013-5.
^ Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 50. ISBN 978-0253015297.
^ Kotin, I.Y. (2012). "Ahmaddiya". Dalam M., Juergensmeyer; Roof, W.C. Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE Publications. hlm. 22. doi:10.4135/9781412997898. ISBN 9780761927297.
^ Rink, Steffen (1997). Religionen feiern: Feste und Feiertage religiöser Gemeinschaften in Deutschland. Diagonal-Verlag. hlm. 137. ISBN 9783927165342.
^ Awan, Samina (2009). "Redefinition of identities, subalterns and political Islam: A case of Majlis i Ahrar in Punjab". Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan. 46 (2): 188–189.
^ Khan, Murtaza (1945). The Name Ahmadiyya and Its Necessity (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2022-12-25.
^
Multiple sources:
- Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 18–20. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.
- Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. hlm. 116–17, 121. ISBN 965-264-014-X.
- Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 2, 42–48. ISBN 978-0253015297.
^ Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 22. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.
^ "An Overview". Alislam.org. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2012.
^
Multiple sources:
- Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. hlm. xv passim. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.
- Louis J., Hammann (1985). "Ahmaddiyyat - an introduction". Ahmadiyya Muslim Community [online].
^
Multiple sources:
- Geaves, Ron (2017). Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 42. ISBN 978-1-4742-7173-8. "They were the first Muslim organization to send missionaries to the West ..."
- Gilham, Jamie (2014). Loyal Enemies: British converts to Islam, 1850–1950. C. Hurst & Co. hlm. 123–213. ISBN 978-1-84904-275-8.
- Ryad, Umar (2015). "Salafiyya, Ahmadiyya, and European converts to Islam in the interwar period". Dalam Agai, B.; et al. Muslims in Interwar Europe: A transcultural historical perspective. Leiden: BRILL. hlm. 47–87. doi:10.1163/9789004301979_004. In the interwar period the Ahmadiyya occupied a pioneering place as a Muslim missionary movement in Europe; they established mosques, printed missionary publications in a variety of European languages, and attracted many European converts to Islam.^(hlm.47) ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
- Jonker, Gerdien (2015). The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress: Missionizing Europe 1900–1965. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-30529-8.
- Kraemer, Hendrik (1960). World Cultures and World Religions: The coming dialogue. James Clarke & Co. hlm. 267. ISBN 9780227170953. The spirit of their tenets and the militant vigour of their founder have made the Ahmadiyya naturally a group with strong missionary and reforming zeal, both inside the lands of Islam where they are represented and outside. They constitute almost exclusively the "Muslim Missions" in Western countries and elsewhere ... They devote themselves with sincere enthusiasm to the task of proclaiming Islam to the world in a rationalist, often combative way, and try in Muslim lands to purify and reform the dominant type of popular Islam.
^ "Major Branches of Religions". Adherents.com. 28 October 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 March 2015.
^
Multiple sources:
- Breach of Faith. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. hlm. 8. Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate
- DeVries, Larry; Baker, Don; Overmyer, Dan (January 2011). Asian Religions in British Columbia. University of Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1662-5. The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world
- Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. hlm. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million
- "Ahmadiyya Muslims". PBS. 20 January 2012.
- "Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: An overview". Al Islam. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 16 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b Lawton, Kim (20 January 2012). "Ahmadiyya Muslims". PBS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.
^ Lago, Colin, ed. (2011). The Handbook of Transcultural Counselling and Psychotherapy. UK: McGraw-Hill Education (dipublikasikan tanggal 1 October 2011). hlm. 312. ISBN 9780335238514.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama persecution
^ Cloudhury, Barnie (26 July 2003). "Islamic sect gathers in Surrey". BBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.
^ Dayyin, Denden Matin; Ismail, Ahmad Zuhdi (2022-11-02). "Analisis Fatwa MUI Tentang Pelarangan Dan Penyesatan Kepada Kelompok Ahmadiyah di Indonesia". Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas. 2 (4): 475–482. doi:10.15575/jis.v2i3.19213. ISSN 2775-4596.
^ Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 14. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

Pranala luar

Situs web resmi

[OED-1] "Ahmadiyya". Oxford English Dictionary (edisi ke-Online). Oxford University Press. Templat:OEDsub

[2] "Ahmadiyya". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2020-01-31.

[3] "Ahmadiyyah". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2019.

[4] "History of the Ahmadiyya Community". Human Rights Watch. 2005.

[5] Knipp, Kersten (2019-07-07). "Who are the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat?". Deutsche Welle. Diakses tanggal 24 September 2022.

[6] Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority Movement in South Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 2. ISBN 978-0253015297.

[7] Friedmann, Yohanan (2011). "The Ahmadiyyah Movement". Oxford Bibliographies.

[8] Özaykal, K. A. (2016). "Messianic Legitimacy: the case of Ahmadiyya and Mahdiyya Movements". Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Theology (35): 217–256.

[Valentine_2008_xv-9] Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. hlm. xv. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.

[10] *Morgan, Diane (2009). Essential Islam: A comprehensive guide to belief and practice. Greenwood Press. hlm. 242. ISBN 978-0-313-36025-1.
"Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat".

[11] "Founding of Ahmadiyya Jamaat".

[banglapedia-11] Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A., ed. (2012). "Ahmadiya". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (edisi ke-Second). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.

[12] Multiple sources:
Preckel, Claudia (2013). "Screening Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān's Library: The use of Ḥanbalī literature in 19th century Bhopal". Dalam Krawietz, B.; Tamer, G. Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Berlin, DE: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 174, 208. ISBN 9783110285345.

Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The relativity of categorizing in the context of the Aḥmadiyya". Die Welt des Islams. 48 (3/4): 376. doi:10.1163/157006008X364749. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 27798273.

Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 20. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

Rafiq, B.A. (1978). Truth about Ahmadiyyat, Reflection of all the Prophets. London Mosque. ISBN 0-85525-013-5.

[14] Preckel, Claudia (2013). "Screening Ṣiddīq Ḥasan Khān's Library: The use of Ḥanbalī literature in 19th century Bhopal". Dalam Krawietz, B.; Tamer, G. Islamic Theology, Philosophy and Law: Debating Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Berlin, DE: Walter de Gruyter. hlm. 174, 208. ISBN 9783110285345.

[15] Lathan, Andrea (2008). "The relativity of categorizing in the context of the Aḥmadiyya". Die Welt des Islams. 48 (3/4): 376. doi:10.1163/157006008X364749. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 27798273.

[16] Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 20. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

[17] Rafiq, B.A. (1978). Truth about Ahmadiyyat, Reflection of all the Prophets. London Mosque. ISBN 0-85525-013-5.

[13] Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 50. ISBN 978-0253015297.

[Encyclopedia_of_Global_Religion-14] Kotin, I.Y. (2012). "Ahmaddiya". Dalam M., Juergensmeyer; Roof, W.C. Encyclopedia of Global Religion. SAGE Publications. hlm. 22. doi:10.4135/9781412997898. ISBN 9780761927297.

[Diagonal-Verlag-15] Rink, Steffen (1997). Religionen feiern: Feste und Feiertage religiöser Gemeinschaften in Deutschland. Diagonal-Verlag. hlm. 137. ISBN 9783927165342.

[pu.edu.pk-16] Awan, Samina (2009). "Redefinition of identities, subalterns and political Islam: A case of Majlis i Ahrar in Punjab". Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan. 46 (2): 188–189.

[aaiil.org-17] Khan, Murtaza (1945). The Name Ahmadiyya and Its Necessity (PDF). Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2008-07-18. Diakses tanggal 2022-12-25.

[18] Multiple sources:
Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 18–20. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. hlm. 116–17, 121. ISBN 965-264-014-X.

Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 2, 42–48. ISBN 978-0253015297.

[24] Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 18–20. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

[25] Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. hlm. 116–17, 121. ISBN 965-264-014-X.

[26] Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya: A Muslim minority movement in south Asia. Indiana University Press. hlm. 2, 42–48. ISBN 978-0253015297.

[19] Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadi Muslims and orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 22. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

[alislam.org-20] "An Overview". Alislam.org. Diakses tanggal 14 November 2012.

[21] Multiple sources:
Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. hlm. xv passim. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.

Louis J., Hammann (1985). "Ahmaddiyyat - an introduction". Ahmadiyya Muslim Community [online].

[30] Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya jamaʻat: History, belief, practice. Columbia University Press. hlm. xv passim. ISBN 978-0-231-70094-8.

[31] Louis J., Hammann (1985). "Ahmaddiyyat - an introduction". Ahmadiyya Muslim Community [online].

[22] Multiple sources:
Geaves, Ron (2017). Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 42. ISBN 978-1-4742-7173-8. "They were the first Muslim organization to send missionaries to the West ..."

Gilham, Jamie (2014). Loyal Enemies: British converts to Islam, 1850–1950. C. Hurst & Co. hlm. 123–213. ISBN 978-1-84904-275-8.

Ryad, Umar (2015). "Salafiyya, Ahmadiyya, and European converts to Islam in the interwar period". Dalam Agai, B.; et al. Muslims in Interwar Europe: A transcultural historical perspective. Leiden: BRILL. hlm. 47–87. doi:10.1163/9789004301979_004. In the interwar period the Ahmadiyya occupied a pioneering place as a Muslim missionary movement in Europe; they established mosques, printed missionary publications in a variety of European languages, and attracted many European converts to Islam.^(hlm.47) ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

Jonker, Gerdien (2015). The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress: Missionizing Europe 1900–1965. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-30529-8.

Kraemer, Hendrik (1960). World Cultures and World Religions: The coming dialogue. James Clarke & Co. hlm. 267. ISBN 9780227170953. The spirit of their tenets and the militant vigour of their founder have made the Ahmadiyya naturally a group with strong missionary and reforming zeal, both inside the lands of Islam where they are represented and outside. They constitute almost exclusively the "Muslim Missions" in Western countries and elsewhere ... They devote themselves with sincere enthusiasm to the task of proclaiming Islam to the world in a rationalist, often combative way, and try in Muslim lands to purify and reform the dominant type of popular Islam.

[33] Geaves, Ron (2017). Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission in an Age of Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 42. ISBN 978-1-4742-7173-8. "They were the first Muslim organization to send missionaries to the West ..."

[34] Gilham, Jamie (2014). Loyal Enemies: British converts to Islam, 1850–1950. C. Hurst & Co. hlm. 123–213. ISBN 978-1-84904-275-8.

[35] Ryad, Umar (2015). "Salafiyya, Ahmadiyya, and European converts to Islam in the interwar period". Dalam Agai, B.; et al. Muslims in Interwar Europe: A transcultural historical perspective. Leiden: BRILL. hlm. 47–87. doi:10.1163/9789004301979_004. In the interwar period the Ahmadiyya occupied a pioneering place as a Muslim missionary movement in Europe; they established mosques, printed missionary publications in a variety of European languages, and attracted many European converts to Islam.^(hlm.47) ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[36] Jonker, Gerdien (2015). The Ahmadiyya Quest for Religious Progress: Missionizing Europe 1900–1965. Brill Publishers. ISBN 978-90-04-30529-8.

[37] Kraemer, Hendrik (1960). World Cultures and World Religions: The coming dialogue. James Clarke & Co. hlm. 267. ISBN 9780227170953. The spirit of their tenets and the militant vigour of their founder have made the Ahmadiyya naturally a group with strong missionary and reforming zeal, both inside the lands of Islam where they are represented and outside. They constitute almost exclusively the "Muslim Missions" in Western countries and elsewhere ... They devote themselves with sincere enthusiasm to the task of proclaiming Islam to the world in a rationalist, often combative way, and try in Muslim lands to purify and reform the dominant type of popular Islam.

[:0-23] "Major Branches of Religions". Adherents.com. 28 October 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 15 March 2015.

[24] Multiple sources:
Breach of Faith. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. hlm. 8. Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate

DeVries, Larry; Baker, Don; Overmyer, Dan (January 2011). Asian Religions in British Columbia. University of Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1662-5. The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world

Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. hlm. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million

"Ahmadiyya Muslims". PBS. 20 January 2012.

"Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: An overview". Al Islam. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 16 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.

[40] Breach of Faith. Human Rights Watch. June 2005. hlm. 8. Estimates of around 20 million would be appropriate

[41] DeVries, Larry; Baker, Don; Overmyer, Dan (January 2011). Asian Religions in British Columbia. University of Columbia Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1662-5. The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world

[42] Campo, Juan Eduardo (2009). Encyclopedia of Islam. hlm. 24. ISBN 978-0-8160-5454-1. The total size of the Ahmadiyya community in 2001 was estimated to be more than 10 million

[43] "Ahmadiyya Muslims". PBS. 20 January 2012.

[44] "Ahmadiyya Muslim Community: An overview". Al Islam. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 16 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.

[:2-25] Lawton, Kim (20 January 2012). "Ahmadiyya Muslims". PBS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 10 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.

[:1-26] Lago, Colin, ed. (2011). The Handbook of Transcultural Counselling and Psychotherapy. UK: McGraw-Hill Education (dipublikasikan tanggal 1 October 2011). hlm. 312. ISBN 9780335238514.

[persecution-27] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama persecution

[28] Cloudhury, Barnie (26 July 2003). "Islamic sect gathers in Surrey". BBC News. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 October 2014. Diakses tanggal 19 April 2015.

[29] Dayyin, Denden Matin; Ismail, Ahmad Zuhdi (2022-11-02). "Analisis Fatwa MUI Tentang Pelarangan Dan Penyesatan Kepada Kelompok Ahmadiyah di Indonesia". Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas. 2 (4): 475–482. doi:10.15575/jis.v2i3.19213. ISSN 2775-4596.

[Gualtieri_1989_14-30] Gualtieri, Antonio R. (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. hlm. 14. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

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Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman)
Perpustakaan nasional	Spanyol Amerika Serikat Republik Ceko
Lain-lain	Encyclopedia of Islam