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Men in the European Union earned approximately 13 percent more than women in 2022, with Estonia having the biggest gender pay gap of 21 percent and Luxembourg having the lowest at minus 0.7 percent, meaning that on average women actually earned more than men in Luxembourg during that year.

Gender pay gap of average gross hourly earnings in selected European countries in 2022

Characteristic	Gender pay gap
European Union	12.7%
Euro area	13.1%
Estonia	21.3%
Austria	18.4%
Czechia	17.9%
Switzerland	17.9%
Germany	17.7%
Slovakia	17.7%
Hungary	17.5%
Latvia	17.1%
Finland	15.5%
Norway	14.4%
Denmark	13.9%
France	13.9%
Bulgaria	13%
Netherlands	13%
Croatia	12.5%
Portugal	12.5%
Lithuania	12%
Sweden	11.1%
Cyprus	10.2%
Malta	10.2%
Ireland	9.3%
Iceland	9.3%
Spain	8.7%
Slovenia	8.2%
Poland	7.8%
Belgium	5%
Romania	4.5%
Italy	4.3%
Luxembourg	-0.7%

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Release date

February 2024

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Region

Europe, EU

Survey time period

2022

Supplementary notes

The source adds the following information: "The indicator measures the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. The indicator has been defined as unadjusted, because it gives an overall picture of gender inequalities in terms of pay and measures a concept which is broader than the concept of equal pay for equal work. All employees working in firms with ten or more employees, without restrictions for age and hours worked, are included."

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