sun

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "sun"
Languages (29)
Translingual • English
Bambara • Bavarian • Cimbrian • Czech • Finnish • Friulian • Hokkien • Inari Sami • Indonesian • Italian • Japanese • Javanese • Kaingang • Kamkata-viri • Ladin • Manchu • Mandarin • Middle English • Mimi of Nachtigal • North Frisian • Old Danish • Quiripi • Romanian • Scots • Vietnamese • Waigali • Yoruba
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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sun

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Sundanese.

See also

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English sonne, sunne, from Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). See also Saterland Frisian Sunne, West Frisian sinne, German Low German Sünn, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Icelandic sunna; outside of Germanic, Welsh huan, Sanskrit स्वर् (svàr), Avestan 𐬓𐬇𐬧𐬔 (xᵛə̄ṇg)). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

Alternative forms

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Proper noun

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the sun

The Sun, photographed by Skylab 4.
  2. The star that Earth revolves around, and from which it receives light and heat.
    • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 233:
      "I suppose I may have leave to do that!" Yes, she could do that, he said, but there was no road to that place; it lay east of the sun and west of the moon, and she could never find her way there.
    • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
      'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.
Translations
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See sun/translations § Proper noun.

Noun

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sun (countable and uncountable, plural suns)

  1. (astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
    • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Haestrom Codex entry:
      Because Haestrom's sun has overwhelmed the planet's protective magnetosphere, humans foolhardy enough to venture into geth-controlled Haestrom must exercise extreme caution. Minutes of radiation exposure will overload shields and hours of exposure will kill.
  2. The light and heat which are received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.
    • c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
      Lambs that did frisk in the sun.
    • 1835, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], “The Knight of Provençe, and His Proposal”, in Rienzi, the Last of the Tribunes. […], volume I, London: Saunders and Otley, […], →OCLC, book II (The Revolution), page 184:
      His fair hair waved long and freely over a white and unwrinkled forehead: the life of a camp and the suns of Italy had but little embrowned his clear and healthful complexion, which retained much of the bloom of youth.
  3. (figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.
  4. (uncountable, chiefly literary) Sunrise or sunset.
    • 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 381, columns 1–2:
      Imo[gen]. […] Prythee ſpeake, / How many ſtore of Miles may we well rid / Twixt houre, and houre? / Piſ[anio]. One ſcore 'twixt Sun, and Sun, / Madam's enough for you: and too much too. / Imo[gen]. Why, one that rode to's Excution Man, / Could neuer go ſo ſlow: […]
    • 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Discontents, Cares, Miseries, &c. causes”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 10, page 110:
      [W]hileſt many an hunger-ſtarved poore creature pines in the ſtreet, wants clothes to cover him, labours hard all day long, runs, rides for a trifle, fights peradventure from Sun to Sun, ſick and ill, weary, full of paine and griefe, is in great diſtreſſe and ſorrow of heart.
    • 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, published 1873, page 357:
      I love these sons of earth every mother's son of them, with their great hearty hearts rushing tumultuously in herds from spectacle to spectacle, as if fearful lest there should not be time between sun and sun to see them all, and the sun does not wait more than in haying-time.
    • 1962, Harry S. Truman, Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, page 651:
      You see, the President has five jobs, any one of which would be more than a full-time job for one man; but I have to do all five of them between sun and sun.
    • 1997, Alan Dean Foster, Howling Stones, page 149:
      “Tomorrow at first sun.” Not being much of a morning person, she winced internally. “First sun?” “It is the proper time, when the flowers of the pohoroh first open to the light.”
  5. A revolution of the Earth around the Sun; a year.
  6. A transversing of the sky by the Sun; a day.
  7. The nineteenth trump/major arcana card of the tarot.
  8. (cartomancy) The thirty-first Lenormand card.
Derived terms
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Translations
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See sun/translations § Noun.

Verb

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sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

  1. (transitive) To expose to the heat and radiation of the sun.
    Synonym: apricate
    Beautiful bodies lying on the beach, sunning their bronzed limbs.
    • 2000, William Laurance, Stinging Trees and Wait-a-Whiles: Confessions of a Rainforest Biologist:
      There were lots of zany antics and we tried not to stare too obviously at the beautiful women toplessly sunning themselves...
    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
      Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines. A silver snaffle on a heavy leather watch guard which connected the pockets of his corduroy waistcoat, together with a huge gold stirrup in his Ascot tie, sufficiently proclaimed his tastes.
  2. (transitive) To warm or dry in the sunshine.
  3. (intransitive) To be exposed to the sun.
  4. (intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.
Hypernyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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See sun/translations § Verb.

See also

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Etymology 2

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From Japanese 寸 (sun). Doublet of cun.

Noun

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sun (plural suns or sun)

  1. A traditional Japanese unit of length, approximately 30.3 millimetres (1.193 inches).

Etymology 3

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Noun

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sun (uncountable)

  1. Alternative form of sunn (“the plant”)

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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sun

  1. trunk (of tree)
Usage notes
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Often used in a compound with the name of a tree to indicate that kind of tree.

Etymology 2

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From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm, “fasting; abstaining from food, drink, and sex”), from Classical Syriac ܨܘܡܐ (ṣawmāʾ).

Noun

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sun

  1. fasting (during the month of Ramadan)

Noun

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sun

  1. to fast

Bavarian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German sun, from Old High German sunu, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”). Cognate with German Sohn, Dutch zoon, English son, Icelandic sonur.

Noun

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sun

  1. (Sauris) son

References

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Cimbrian

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Noun

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sun m

  1. (Tredici Comuni) son

References

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  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

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Etymology

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Deverbal from sunout.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sun m inan

  1. slide

Declension

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Declension of sun (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative sun suny
genitive sunu sunů
dative sunu sunům
accusative sun suny
vocative sune suny
locative sunu sunech
instrumental sunem suny
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Further reading

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  • “sun”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “sun”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “sun”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈsun/, [ˈs̠un]
  • Rhymes: -un
  • Hyphenation(key): sun

Etymology 1

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Possibly from sun (etymology 2), originally as a replacement of mun, eroded variant of muin which was reinterpreted as the genitive singular of mä.

Conjunction

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sun

  1. (coordinating) A coordinating conjunction expressing generality.
    En nyt jouda, kun tässä on sitä sun tätä tekemistä.
    I don't have time for that because I have this and that to do (miscellaneous stuff/things to do).
    Lautanen oli täynnä makaroonilaatikkoa, makkaraa, salaattia, perunamuussia sun muuta pöperöä.
    The plate was full of macaroni casserole, sausage, salad, mashed potatoes and other grub.

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Compare standard sinun (“your, yours”) (genitive singular of sinä).

Pronoun

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sun

  1. (colloquial) genitive singular of sä

Friulian

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Etymology

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From Latin sonus.

Noun

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sun m (plural suns)

  1. sound
  2. music

Synonyms

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Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of sun – see 孫 (“grandchild; grandson; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 孫).

Inari Sami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Samic *sonë.

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Pronoun

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sun (genitive suu)

  1. he, she, it

See also

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Inari Sami personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person mun muoi mij
2nd person tun tuoi tij
3rd person sun suoi sij

Further reading

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  • sun in Marja-Liisa Olthuis, Taarna Valtonen, Miina Seurujärvi and Trond Trosterud (2015–2022) Nettidigisäänih Anarâškiela-suomakielâ-anarâškielâ sänikirje‎[5], Tromsø: UiT
  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Indonesian

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Etymology

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From Dutch zoen (“kiss”), from Middle Dutch zoene, soen, soene, swoene (“reconciliation; atonement; kiss”), from Old Dutch *sōna, *swōna (“reconciliation; peace; agreement”), from Proto-Germanic *sōnō, *swōnō (“appeasement; reconciliation; atonement; sacrifice”), from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (“healthy; whole; active; vigorous”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈsʊn]
  • Hyphenation: sun

Noun

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sun (first-person possessive sunku, second-person possessive sunmu, third-person possessive sunnya)

  1. kiss, a touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.
    Synonym: ciuman

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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From su.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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sun

  1. (poetic, rare) Alternative form of su used before a vowel
    • mid 13th century–1280s, Ricordano Malispini, “Come Catellino e sua gente sconfissano e amazorono Fiorino; e della venuta di Giulio Cesare con l’oste de’ romani [How Catiline and his people defeated and killed Fiorinus; and of the arrival of Julius Caesar with the Roman host]” (chapter 16), in Istoria antica‎[7]; republished as Istoria antica di Ricordano Malespini gentil'uomo fiorentino dall’edificazione di Fiorenza insino all'anno MCCLXXXI, con l'aggiunta di Giachetto suo nipote dal detto anno per insino al 1286, Florence: Stamperia Giunti, 1568, page 9:
      […] preſſo a monte Giulio Ceſare ſi puoſe la milizia di Magrino […] , & in ſun’unaltro monte preſſo a quello […]
      [ […] presso a Monte Giulio Cesare si puose la milizia di Magrino […] ; e in sun un altro monte, presso a quello […] ]
      […] Macrinus' force was stationed near Mount Julius Caesar […] ; and, on another mountain, near that one […]

Further reading

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  • sun in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Japanese

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Romanization

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sun

  1. Rōmaji transcription of すん

Javanese

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Noun

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sun

  1. a kiss

Kaingang

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FWOTD – 12 May 2013

Pronunciation

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Verb

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sun

  1. To warm oneself by staying near a fire.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Ursula Gojtéj Wiesemann (2011) “sun”, in Dicionário Kaingang-Português Português-Kaingang‎[1], 2nd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Curitiba: Editora Esperança, page 83.

Kamkata-viri

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Etymology

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Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sun (Kamviri, Western Kata-viri)[1]

  1. gold

References

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  1. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “s′un”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[2]

Ladin

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Preposition

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sun

  1. on, over
  2. in

Verb

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sun

  1. Alternative form of son

Manchu

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Romanization

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sun

  1. Romanization of ᠰᡠᠨ

Mandarin

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Romanization

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sun

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sūn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of sǔn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of sùn.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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sun

  1. Alternative form of sonne (“sun”)

Etymology 2

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Noun

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sun

  1. Alternative form of sone (“son”)

Mimi of Nachtigal

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Etymology

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Similar to (and likely a borrowing of, or possibly the lender of) the word used for water in the "third Mimi" language, Amdang sunu, which in turn is (per Starostin) "most likely cognate with" Fur suːn (“waterhole, well”).

Noun

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sun

  1. water

References

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  • George Starostin, On Mimi

North Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian sand, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz. Cognates include West Frisian sân.

Noun

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sun n

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) sand

Noun

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sun m (plural sunen)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum) sandbank, sandy area, sands

Derived terms

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Old Danish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse sonr, sunr, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz.

Noun

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sun m (nominative plural synær)

  1. son

Descendants

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  • Danish: søn

Quiripi

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Noun

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sun

  1. (Unquachog) stone

References

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  • Thomas Jefferson (1791) A vocabulary of the Language of the Unquachog Indians (in Quiripi)

Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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sun

  1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of suna

Etymology 2

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Probably from Latin sonus, or from the verb suna.

Noun

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sun n (plural sunuri)

  1. (obsolete) sound
    Synonym: sunet
Declension
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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative sun sunul sunuri sunurile
genitive-dative sun sunului sunuri sunurilor
vocative sunule sunurilor

References

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Scots

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Etymology

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From Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen- (“sun”), oblique stem *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sun (plural suns)

  1. sun

Derived terms

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Vietnamese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sun

  1. (intransitive) To shrink.
  2. (transitive) To pull together.
    sun vai
    to pull one’s shoulders together

References

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Waigali

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Etymology

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Borrowed from a descendant of Sanskrit सुवर्ण (suvárṇa).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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sun (Nisheigram)[1]

  1. gold

References

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  1. ^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “sun”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎[3]

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sùn

  1. to sleep
    Mo sùn gbalaja ― I slept stretched out
Synonyms
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Yoruba Varieties and Languages - sùn (“to sleep”)
view map; edit data
Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÀoÌdóànírhùn
Eastern ÀkókóÀkùngbá Àkókósùn
Ṣúpárè Àkókósùn
Ìjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdesù
Ìkòròdúsù
Ṣágámùsù
Ẹ̀pẹ́sù
Ìkálẹ̀Òkìtìpupahùn
ÌlàjẹMahinhùn
OǹdóOǹdósùn
UsẹnUsẹnhùn
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹsùn
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìsùn
Àkúrẹ́sùn
Ọ̀tùn Èkìtìsùn
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàsùn
Ẹ̀gbáAbẹ́òkútasùn
ÈkóÈkósùn
ÌbàdànÌbàdànsùn
ÌlọrinÌlọrinsùn
OǹkóÌtẹ̀síwájú LGAsùn
Ìwàjówà LGAsùn
Kájọlà LGAsùn
Ìsẹ́yìn LGAsùn
Ṣakí West LGAsùn
Atisbo LGAsùn
Ọlọ́runṣògo LGAsùn
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́sùn
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàsùn
Bɛ̀nɛ̀sùn
Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàYàgbà East LGAhùn
OwéKabbahùn
Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaIfɛ̀Akpárésũ̀
Atakpamésũ̀
Tchettisũ̀
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sun

  1. to roast
    Synonyms: yan, wì (“to singe”)
    Mo sun ẹran. ― I roasted the meat.
  2. to burn; to set on fire
    Synonyms: jó, jóná, dáná sun
    A máa ń sun òkú nínú àṣà tèmi. ― We cremate the dead in my culture.
    Àwọn jagunjagun ya wọ̀lú, wọ́n sì dáná sun ojúbọ ― The warriors raided the town and set the shrines on fire
Synonyms
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Yoruba Varieties and Languages - sun (“to roast, burn”)
view map; edit data
Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÌjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdesu
Ìkòròdúsu
Ṣágámùsu
Ẹ̀pẹ́su
Ìkálẹ̀Òkìtìpupahọn
UsẹnUsẹnhọn
OlùkùmiUgbódùhọ́n
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìsụn
Àkúrẹ́sụn
Ọ̀tùn Èkìtìsụn
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàsun
ÈkóÈkósun
ÌbàdànÌbàdànsun
ÌlọrinÌlọrinsun
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́sun
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàsun
Bɛ̀nɛ̀sun
Northeast Yoruba/OkunOwéKabbahun
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sun

  1. to trickle; to flow
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sun

  1. (with ẹkún (“tears”)) to cry
    Wọ́n ń sun ẹkún níbi ìsìnkú ― They're crying at the burial ground
  2. to chant
    Ọdẹ ni ó máa ń sun ìjálá, ìyàwó ni ó máa ń sun ẹkún-ìyàwó ― Hunters chant ìjálá, and brides chant the ẹkún-ìyàwó
Synonyms
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Yoruba Varieties and Languages - sun (“to cry”)
view map; edit data
Language FamilyVariety GroupVariety/LanguageLocationWords
Proto-Itsekiri-SEYSoutheast YorubaÌjẹ̀búÌjẹ̀bú Òdesọ
Ìkòròdúsọ
Ṣágámùsọ
Ẹ̀pẹ́sọ
Ìkálẹ̀Òkìtìpupahun
ÌlàjẹMahinhun
UsẹnUsẹnhọn
ÌtsẹkírìÌwẹrẹsọ, sọn
OlùkùmiUgbódùhọ́n
Proto-YorubaCentral YorubaÈkìtìÀdó Èkìtìsụn
Àkúrẹ́sụn
Ọ̀tùn Èkìtìsụn
Northwest YorubaÀwórìÈbúté Mẹ́tàsun
ÈkóÈkósun
ÌbàdànÌbàdànsun
ÌlọrinÌlọrinsun
Ọ̀yọ́Ọ̀yọ́sun
Standard YorùbáNàìjíríàsun
Bɛ̀nɛ̀sun
Northeast Yoruba/OkunÌyàgbàYàgbà East LGAhu
OwéKabbahun
Ede Languages/Southwest YorubaIfɛ̀Akpárésɔ
Atakpamésɔ
Tchettisɔ
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sùn

  1. to aim; to target
    Ìyẹn ni mò ń fojú sùn lọ́dún tó ń bọ̀ ― That's what I aspire for this coming year
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Etymology 6

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sún

  1. to shift; to move
    Sún mọ́ mi. ― Move closer to me.
    Pẹ̀lúmi fẹ́ sún ìpàdé síwájú ― Pelumi wants to postpone the meeting
  2. to nudge; to motivate
    Ó sún mi láti wọ́de ― It motivated me to protest
  3. to prick
    Synonym: gún
    Ẹ̀gún sún mi lọ́wọ́ ― The thorn pricked me
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Etymology 7

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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sùn

  1. to make a complaint
    A ti fẹjọ́ yín sùn wọ́n ― We have reported you to them
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