ke- -an

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See also: kean

Indonesian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Malay ke- -an, from Proto-Malayic *kə- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an. Semantic loan from Javanese ꦏ- -ꦲꦤ꧀ (ka- -han) for sense of too [base] or exceed.

Pronunciation

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Circumfix

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ke- -an

  1. -ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"
    kebaratanwestness
    ketimuraneastness
    kebesaranhugeness
    kehausanthirst
  2. -ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union.
    kepemimpinanleadership
  3. -dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.
    kerajaankingdom
  4. -ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.
    ketercapaianaccessibility
  5. -tion;
    keadaancondition
  6. Used to form adversative verbs or adjectives: to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases.
    racun (poison) + ‎ke- -an → ‎keracunan (poisoned)
    ciprat + ‎ke- -an → ‎kecipratan
    lapar + ‎ke- -an → ‎kelaparan (to suffer from hunger)
    hilang + ‎ke- -an → ‎kehilangan (to suffer the loss of)
  7. (colloquial or informal) adjective forming for too [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun.
    sempit (tight) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kesempitan (tightness, too tight)
    kecil (small) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kekecilan (too small)
    malam (night) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kemalaman (too late)

Derived terms

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Malay

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Etymology

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From Proto-Malayic *kə- -an, from Proto-Austronesian *ka- -an.

Pronunciation

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Circumfix

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ke- -an

  1. -ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)"
    cantik (beautiful) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kecantikan (beauty)
    besar (huge) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kebesaran (hugeness)
    haus (thirsty) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kehausan (thirst)
  2. -ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union.
    pimpin (to lead) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kepimpinan (leadership)
  3. -dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word.
    raja (king) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kerajaan (government, kingdom)
  4. -ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.
    tercapai (accessibile) + ‎ke- -an → ‎ketercapaian (accessibility)
  5. -tion;
    ada (to be (exist)) + ‎ke- -an → ‎keadaan (condition)
  6. Used to form adversative verbs or adjectives: to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases.
    racun (poison) + ‎ke- -an → ‎keracunan (to be poisoned)
    lapar (hungry) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kelaparan (to suffer from hunger)
    hilang (to lose something) + ‎ke- -an → ‎kehilangan (to suffer the loss of)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Indonesian: ke- -an