clavus

English

Borrowed from Latin clāvus (“a nail”). Doublet of clove.

clavus (plural clavuses or clavi)

A callous growth, especially on the foot; a corn.
- 1988, Shepard R. Hurwitz, Foot and ankle pain, page 331:
  In a review of over 1000 interdigital clavuses, 65% were found in the fourth interspace, while the first and third web space clavuses were found in 17% and 16% of the patients respectively […]

From Proto-Italic *klāwos, from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w-o-s, from *kleh₂u- (“nail, pin, hook - instruments, of old use for locking doors”).^[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “key”) and Old Church Slavonic ключь (ključĭ, “key”). Latin clāvis (“key”) is either a secondary i-stem derivation, or a loanword from Ancient Greek κληΐς (klēḯs).

Latin Wikipedia has an article on:

clavus

Wikipedia ^la

clāvus m (genitive clāvī); second declension

Italo-Romance:
- Istriot: ciuodo
- Old Italian: chiavo, chiovo
  - Italian: chiodo (influenced by chiudere 'shut')
- Sicilian: chiovu
Sardinian:
- crau, cravu, giau
Padanian:
- Emilian: ciold, ciod
- Friulian: claud
- Ligurian: ciöo
- Old Lombard: chiouo
  - Lombard: ciod
- Piedmontese: ciòv, ciò
- Venetan: ciodo, clold (medieval)
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: cllou
- Old French: clou
  - French: clou
  - → English: clove
- Walloon: clå
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: clau, cllau (Ribagorçan)
- Catalan: clau
- Occitan: clau
Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: clavu, clau
- Galician: cravo
- Portuguese: cravo
- Spanish: clavo
Borrowed:
- → Old Italian: clavo

“clavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“clavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
clavus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
clavus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to hold the reins of government: clavum rei publicae tenere
- to steer: clavum tenere
“clavus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“clavus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “clavus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 158
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “clavus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 768

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119

clavus n (plural clavusuri)

	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
	singular		plural
nominative-accusative	clavus	clavusul	clavusuri	clavusurile
genitive-dative	clavus	clavusului	clavusuri	clavusurilor
vocative	clavusule		clavusurilor