遣

See also: 遺

遣	U+9063, 遣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9063

← 遢
[U+9062]

CJK Unified Ideographs

遤 →
[U+9064]

Translingual

Han character

遣 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+10, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 13 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜中一口 (YLMR), four-corner 3530₇, composition ⿺辶⿱𠀐㠯)

Derived characters

儙, 𱕊, 𡒌, 𭢵, 繾, 缱, 譴, 谴, 𨇀, 鑓, 䪈, 䭤, 𫑍, 𬩠

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1263, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39052
Dae Jaweon: page 1758, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3871, character 7
Unihan data for U+9063

Chinese

trad.		遣
simp. ^#		遣
2nd round simp.		⿺辶欠

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (遣) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
遣	kʰenʔ, kʰens
繾	kʰenʔ, kʰens
譴	*kʰens

Originally 𠳋, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) in the oracle bone script: two 又 (“hand”) in a configuration of commanding + 𠂤 (“army”) – “to send; to dispatch”.

The 辵 component was later added in some bronze inscriptions, which is retained in the modern glyph.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiǎn (qian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hin²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khièn / khiàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khián / khiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiang² / kiêng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien³
  - Yale: chyǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chean
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hin²
  - Yale: hín
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khièn
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khián
  - Tâi-lô: khián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiern
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàn
  - Tâi-lô: khiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiexn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiang² / kiêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiáng / khiéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiaŋ⁵²/, /kʰieŋ⁵²/

Note:

kiang2 - Shantou;
kiêng2 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: khjienX

Rime
Character	遣
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去演切
Baxter	khjienX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰjæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰian^X/
Li Rong	/kʰiɛn^X/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɛn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰenʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	遣
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjien^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ/
English	send
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	遣
Reading #	1/2
No.	10264
Phonetic component	遣
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	遣
Old Chinese	/*kʰenʔ/

Definitions

遣

to send; to dispatch
to exile

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiàn (qian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien⁴
  - Yale: chyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiann
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: khjienH

Rime
Character	遣
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去戰切
Baxter	khjienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰjæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰian^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiɛn^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭɛn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰe[n]ʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰens/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	遣
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjien^H ›
Old Chinese	/[k]ʰe[n]ʔ-s/ (kʰ- doesn"t palatalize)
English	grave goods
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	遣
Reading #	2/2
No.	10267
Phonetic component	遣
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	譴
Old Chinese	/*kʰens/

Definitions

遣

(historical) grave goods; sacrificial objects buried with the dead
(historical) ritual ceremony during a funeral

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai	遣
Kyūjitai ^[1]	遣󠄁 遣+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	遣󠄃 遣+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

遣

(Jōyō kanji)

to send; to dispatch
to do

Readings

Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: つかわす (tsukawasu, 遣わす, Jōyō)^{←つかはす (tukafasu, 遣はす, historical)}、つかう (tsukau, 遣う, Jōyō)^{←つかふ (tukafu, 遣ふ, historical)}、やる (yaru, 遣る)、つかい (tsukai, 遣い)^{←つかひ (tukafi, 遣ひ, historical)}、よこす (yokosu, 遣す)

References

^ “遣”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

遣 (eumhun 보낼 견 (bonael gyeon))

hanja form^? of 견 (“send, dispatch”)

Middle Korean

Suffix

遣 (-kwo)

idu form^? of 고 (“and”)
- 1395, 高士褧 (Go Sa-gyeong), 金祗 (Kim Ji), 大明律直解 (Daemyeongnyul Jikhae) [Correct Translation of the Great Ming Code]:
  本國乙背叛爲遣
  PWON.KWUK-ul POY.PAN-ho-kwo
  Betray his native country, and

Old Korean

Suffix

遣 (*-kwo)

verbal connective suffix, largely equivalent to English "and; and then"
- c. 750, 月明師 (Wolmyeongsa), “祭亡妹歌 (Jemangmae-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:
  生死路隱此矣有阿米次肹伊遣吾隱去內如辭叱都毛如云遣去內尼叱古
  As life and death's paths are present here, my way is blocked [or "I am in fear" or "I hesitate"]. And you have not finished saying the words "I depart", and you are [still] departing?

Reconstruction notes

Generally reconstructed as *-kwo, because the Old Korean suffix corresponds exactly to the Middle (and Modern) Korean verbal suffix 고 (go) and because fifteenth-century idu texts use 遣 to transcribe what by this point is clearly Middle Korean 고 (Yale: kwo). However, it is difficult to explain what sound shifts could have produced Middle Korean [ko] out of an Old Korean morpheme whose phonetic value was presumably similar to Old Chinese 遣 (OC *kʰenʔ, *kʰens), Middle Chinese 遣 (MC khjienX|khjienH).

Descendants

Middle Korean: 고 (kwo, verbal connective suffix)
- Korean: 고 (go, verbal connective suffix)

References

김지오 [gimjio] (2019) “고대국어 연결 어미의 현황과 과제 [godaegugeo yeon'gyeol eomiui hyeonhwanggwa gwaje, The conditions and research tasks for Old Korean connective suffixes]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 43, →DOI, pages 55–87

Vietnamese

Han character

遣: Hán Nôm readings: khiển, khiến

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “遣”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[1]