懍懍

Chinese

		fear	fear
trad. (懍懍)		懍	懍
simp. (懔懔)		懔	懔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐnlǐn

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˇ ㄌㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁵ lam⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐnlǐn [Phonetic: línlǐn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˇ ㄌㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐnlǐn
    • Wade–Giles: lin³-lin³
    • Yale: lǐn-lǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liinliin
    • Palladius: линьлинь (linʹlinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lin²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lam⁵ lam⁵
    • Yale: láhm láhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁵ lam⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lem⁵ lem⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐm¹³ lɐm¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: limX limX

Rime
Character	懍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力稔切
Baxter	limX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪmX/
Pan Wuyun	/limX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljemX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/limX/
Li Rong	/liəmX/
Wang Li	/lĭĕmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯əmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lam5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯmʔ  b·rɯmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懍
Reading #	1/1
No.	908
Phonetic component	禀
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	廩
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯmʔ/

Adjective

懍懍

1. (literary) worried; scared
2. (literary) just; upright

   • 庾道季云：「廉頗、藺相如雖千載上死人，懍懍恆如有生氣。曹蜍、李志雖見在，厭厭如九泉下人。人皆如此，便可結繩而治，但恐狐狸貒貉噉盡。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     庾道季云：「廉颇、蔺相如虽千载上死人，懔懔恒如有生气。曹蜍、李志虽见在，厌厌如九泉下人。人皆如此，便可结绳而治，但恐狐狸貒貉噉尽。」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5^th century CE

     Yǔ Dàojì yún: “Lián Pō, Lìn Xiàngrú suī qiānzǎi shàng sǐrén, lǐnlǐn héng rú yǒu shēngqì. Cáo Chú, Lǐ Zhì suī jiànzài, yānyān rú jiǔquán xià rén. Rén jiē rúcǐ, biàn kě jiéshéng ér zhì, dàn kǒng húlí tuān hé dàn jìn.” [Pinyin]

     Yu He said, “Lian Po and Lin Xiangru may be dead men from a thousand years ago, but they are just and upright, and eternally it is as if they are alive. Cao Chu and Li Zhi may still be present, but they are weak, as if they are down in the underworld. If all people were like them, our society would be governed by knot tying (a primitive substitution for writing), but I am afraid we would all be eaten by foxes and badgers.

3. (literary) cold