床
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]床 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 戈木 (ID) or 難戈木 (XID), four-corner 00294, composition ⿸广木)
Derived characters
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 343, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9242
- Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 873, character 20
- Unihan data for U+5E8A
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 床/牀 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 床 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Originally an unorthodox variant of 牀. Now made up of 广 (“house”) + 木 (“tree”), an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) representing a wooden furniture item (a bed) in a house.
Etymology
[edit]Schuessler (2007) suggests that it may be related to Khmer រង (rɔɔng, “to support from below”), Old Mon [script needed] (joṅ, “couch; bedstead”). Compare also Burmese စင် (cang, “platform, stage”) (Luce, 1981).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cuang2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чуон (čuon, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cong2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cuon1
- Northern Min (KCR): chô̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): chòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cung2 / cng2 / corng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zaon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jyan2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chuáng
- Wade–Giles: chʻuang2
- Yale: chwáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwang
- Palladius: чуан (čuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cuang2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cuong
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чуон (čuon, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cong4
- Yale: chòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsong4
- Guangdong Romanization: cong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cong3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhòng
- Hakka Romanization System: congˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cong2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cuon1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chô̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰouŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰŋ̍¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: corng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒŋ¹³/
- (Putian)
Note:
- cung2/cng2 - vernacular;
- corng2 - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- chhn̂g - vernacular (“bed”);
- sn̂g - vernacular (“steamer basket”);
- chhông - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ceng5 / seng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂ng / sṳ̂ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɯŋ⁵⁵/, /sɯŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
- ceng5 - “bed; table”;
- seng5 - vernacular (“steamer basket”).
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzrjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.dzraŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zraŋ/
Definitions
[edit]床
- bed; couch (Classifier: 張／张 m c)
- framework; chassis
- (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, Puxian Min, Zhongshan Min) table
- (obsolete) rails of the well
- bottom; bed
- Classifier for beddings.
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 床 (“bed”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]- 一床一臥／一床一卧
- 一床三放
- 一床兩好／一床两好
- 上下床 (shàngxiàchuáng)
- 上床 (shàngchuáng)
- 下床
- 下床氣／下床气
- 交床
- 供床
- 倒枕捶床
- 倒枕搥床／倒枕捶床
- 停床
- 充氣床／充气床 (chōngqìchuáng)
- 冰床 (bīngchuáng)
- 冷床
- 剪床
- 匡床
- 匟床
- 匣床
- 印床 (yìnchuáng)
- 吊床 (diàochuáng)
- 同床各夢／同床各梦
- 同床異夢／同床异梦 (tóngchuángyìmèng)
- 吃床腿
- 單人床／单人床 (dānrénchuáng)
- 坐床
- 坐床富貴／坐床富贵
- 坐床撒帳／坐床撒帐
- 坦腹東床／坦腹东床
- 夜雨對床／夜雨对床
- 女床
- 安床
- 家庭病床 (jiātíng bìngchuáng)
- 對床夜語／对床夜语
- 對床風雨／对床风雨
- 小床 (xiǎochuáng)
- 尿床 (niàochuáng)
- 岩床
- 帆布床
- 床上 (chuángshàng)
- 床上功夫
- 床下安床 (chuángxià'ānchuáng)
- 床上安床 (chuángshàng'ānchuáng)
- 床上施床 (chuángshàngshīchuáng)
- 床位 (chuángwèi)
- 床公床婆
- 床包 (chuángbāo)
- 床單／床单 (chuángdān, “bed sheet”)
- 床子
- 床尾 (chuángwěi)
- 床屋
- 床帳／床帐 (chuángzhàng)
- 床幃／床帏
- 床板 (chuángbǎn)
- 床架 (chuángjià, “bed frame”)
- 床楞
- 床榻 (chuángtà)
- 床母
- 床沿
- 床笠 (chuánglì)
- 床笫 (chuángzǐ)
- 床笫之私 (chuángzǐzhīsī)
- 床罩 (chuángzhào)
- 床腳／床脚
- 床蓐
- 床蝨／床虱 (chuángshī)
- 床褥 (chuángrù)
- 床鋪／床铺 (chuángpù, “bed”)
- 床頭／床头 (chuángtóu)
- 床頭人／床头人
- 床頭櫃／床头柜 (chuángtóuguì)
- 床頭金盡／床头金尽
- 彈簧床／弹簧床 (tánhuángchuáng)
- 循衣摸床
- 怯床
- 懶床／懒床
- 打枕捶床
- 扶床
- 拖床
- 拉床
- 押床
- 拔步床
- 抱角床
- 捉奸見床
- 捶床拍枕
- 捵床捵席
- 捶床搗枕／捶床捣枕
- 搗枕搥床／捣枕捶床
- 據床指麾／据床指麾
- 東床／东床 (dōngchuáng)
- 東床坦腹／东床坦腹
- 東床嬌婿／东床娇婿
- 東床嬌客／东床娇客
- 東床快婿／东床快婿
- 桌球床
- 植床
- 椎床倒枕
- 榨床
- 榻床
- 樂床／乐床
- 機床／机床 (jīchuáng)
- 櫺床／棂床
- 水床
- 水晶床
- 沖床／冲床 (chōngchuáng)
- 沙發床／沙发床 (shāfāchuáng)
- 河床 (héchuáng)
- 海床 (hǎichuáng)
- 溫床／温床 (wēnchuáng)
- 灶床
- 牙床 (yáchuáng)
- 瓦灶繩床／瓦灶绳床
- 疊床架屋／叠床架屋 (diéchuángjiàwū)
- 病床 (bìngchuáng)
- 眠床 (miánchuáng)
- 石床
- 砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床
- 碌架床
- 磨床
- 礦床／矿床 (kuàngchuáng)
- 礤床兒／礤床儿 (cǎchuángr)
- 禪床／禅床
- 笭床
- 筆床／笔床 (bǐchuáng)
- 繡床／绣床
- 繩床／绳床
- 繩床瓦灶／绳床瓦灶
- 羊肉床子
- 胡床 (húchuáng)
- 臥床／卧床 (wòchuáng)
- 臥病在床／卧病在床 (wòbìngzàichuáng)
- 臨床／临床 (línchuáng)
- 臨床實驗／临床实验
- 臨床經驗／临床经验
- 臨床醫學／临床医学 (línchuáng yīxué)
- 苗床 (miáochuáng)
- 著床／着床 (zhuóchuáng)
- 藜床
- 虎床
- 行軍床／行军床
- 認床／认床 (rènchuáng)
- 象床 (xiàngchuáng)
- 賴床／赖床 (làichuáng)
- 起床 (qǐchuáng, “to get up”)
- 跋步床
- 踏床
- 踏步床
- 車床／车床 (chēchuáng)
- 軟床／软床
- 轄床／辖床
- 鉋床／刨床
- 銑床／铣床 (xǐchuáng)
- 鋪床／铺床 (pūchuáng)
- 鋸床／锯床
- 鏜床／镗床
- 鏇床子／旋床子
- 鑽床／钻床
- 陪床的
- 雞骨支床／鸡骨支床 (jīgǔzhīchuáng)
- 靈床／灵床
- 頂子床／顶子床
- 風雨對床／风雨对床
- 魚床子／鱼床子
- 墨床
- 鼓床
- 龍床／龙床 (lóngchuáng)
- 龍門刨床／龙门刨床
Descendants
[edit]Others:
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]床
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じょう (jō)←じやう (zyau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: ゆか (yuka, 床, Jōyō)、とこ (toko, 床, Jōyō)、ゆかしい (yukashii, 床しい)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 床 |
| ゆか Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Attested in the 日本書紀 (Nihon Shoki), completed in 720 and one of the earliest works written in Japanese (see Wikipedia:Nihon Shoki), with a meaning of bed.
According to the 和句解 (Wakuge), published in 1668 by early Edo-period scholar Matsunaga Teitoku (松永貞徳; see Wikipedia:ja:松永貞徳), derives from ゆか (yuka) as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) stem of the verb 行く (yuku, “to go”) of an original meaning similar to "not going", in reference to a place where one sits down to rest.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- the floor (the bottom surface of a room)
- 床を掃く
- yuka o haku
- to sweep the floor
- 床を掃く
- a bed
- (theater) a raised area of a stage where a presenter or musician sits
- a raised platform erected along the Kamo River in Kyōto in summer, used as an outdoor tea shop or restaurant
Antonyms
[edit]Coordinate terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 床 |
| とこ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
⟨to2ko2⟩ → /toko/
From Old Japanese. Cognate with 所 (tokoro, “place”). Attested since at least the Nara period, appearing in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759.[3][4]
Possibly an ancient compound of ⟨to1⟩ (Proto-Japonic *to (“place”), as in 跡 ⟨ato1⟩, “footprint, track”, from “foot place, where one has stepped”) + ⟨ko2⟩ (noun-forming suffixing element denoting “place”, as in ここ ⟨ko2ko2⟩, “here”, from “this place”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a raised platform roughly 30cm tall used in dirt-floored rooms as a seat
- a raised area on which to sleep: a bed
- a sickbed
- the floor
- tatami mats
- the seat of an oxcart
- short for 床間 / 床の間 (toko no ma): an alcove with a raised floor along one wall of a traditional Japanese living room
- an alcove with a raised floor used as a study: see 付書院 (tsuke shoin)
- a box seat, such as at a parade, theater, or stadium
- short for 床店 (tokomise): a stall with a raised floor used as a store
- short for 床屋 (tokoya): a barbershop, from how such shops were historically often tokomise
- short for 床船梁 (toko funabari), 舵床 (kajidoko): the large wooden beam at the very aft of a traditional wood-hulled Japanese ship, upon which the rudder is seated
- the heel of a plough; the part of the bottom of a plough that touches the ground and guides the ploughshare
- short for 苗床 (naedoko): a seedbed
- short for 鉄床, 金床 (kanatoko): an anvil
Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 床 |
| しょう Grade: S |
| kan'yōon |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 牀 |
/ʑau/ → /ɕau/ → /ɕɔː/ → /ɕoː/
From Middle Chinese 床 (MC dzrjang). Devoicing apparently occurred after borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Counter
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ , text here
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]床 (eumhun 평상 상 (pyeongsang sang))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]床: Hán Nôm readings: sàng, giàn, giường, sường, giàng, rương
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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