例

例 U+4F8B, 例 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F8B ← 侊 [U+4F8A] CJK Unified Ideographs 侌 → [U+4F8C]

例 U+F9B5, 例 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B5 ← 領 [U+F9B4] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 禮 → [U+F9B6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

例 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一弓弓 (OMNN), four-corner 2220₀, composition ⿰亻列)

Derived characters

• 𭈖, 𠅜, 𣈙, 𱘷, 𫶸, 𡂲, 𫜗, 𥵘, 𭪪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 587
• Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 146, character 8
• Unihan data for U+4F8B

• Unihan data for U+F9B5

Chinese

trad.		例
simp. #		例

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 例
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script s05879
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (列) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
例	*reds
鮤	*reds, *red
栵	*reds, *red
洌	*reds, *red
銐	*r'eds, *r̥ʰjeds
峛	*relʔ
列	*red
裂	*red
烈	*red
冽	*red
迾	*red
蛚	*red
茢	*red
颲	*red
鴷	*red
挒	*red
姴	*red

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reds) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 列 (OC *red).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ni⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lai⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lai⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): li⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): li

  (Meixian, Guangdong): li⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): li³
• Northern Min (KCR): lī
• Eastern Min (BUC): liê
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lē / lī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): li⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ni⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: li
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lai⁶
    • Yale: laih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lai⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lai³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: li⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
    • Hakka Romanization System: li
    • Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: li⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /li⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: li³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /li⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iɛ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
    • Tâi-lô: lē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: le
    • IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /le⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /le³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Zhangpu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lī
    • Tâi-lô: lī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: li
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /li³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /li²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: li⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lī
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶li
    • MiniDict: li^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: li⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 例
Mandarin	Beijing	/li⁵¹/
	Harbin	/li⁵³/
	Tianjin	/li⁵³/
	Jinan	/li²¹/
	Qingdao	/li⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/li³¹²/
	Xi'an	/li⁴⁴/
	Xining	/l̩²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/li¹³/
	Lanzhou	/li¹³/
	Ürümqi	/li²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ni¹³/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹³/
	Kunming	/li²¹²/
	Nanjing	/li⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/zz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/li⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/li³⁵/
	Hohhot	/li⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/liɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/li³¹/
	Hangzhou	/li¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/li²²/
	Tunxi	/le¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/li⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/ni⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/li²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/li⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/li⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lɐi²²/
	Nanning	/lɐi²²/
	Hong Kong	/lɐi²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/le²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/liɛ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/li⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/li³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lɔi²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljejH

Rime
Character	例
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力制切
Baxter	ljejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇiH/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liajH/
Li Rong	/liɛiH/
Wang Li	/lĭɛiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ɛiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*reds/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	例
Reading #	1/1
No.	8121
Phonetic component	列
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	例
Old Chinese	/*reds/

Definitions

例

1. example; instance

   舉例／举例  ―  jǔlì  ―  to give an example

   以陳先生為例／以陈先生为例  ―  yǐ Chén xiānshēng wéi lì  ―  to use the case of Mr. Chen as an example

2. case; instance

   病例  ―  bìnglì  ―  medical case

   例不十，法不立  ―  lì bù shí, fǎ bù lì  ―  If there are fewer than ten cases, then a rule should not be established based on them.

3. precedent

   先例  ―  xiānlì  ―  precedent

   破例  ―  pòlì  ―  to grant an exception

4. rule; regulation

   條例／条例  ―  tiáolì  ―  regulation

   唔啱例 [Cantonese]  ―  m⁴ ngaam¹ lai⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to violate the regulations

5. regular

   例會／例会  ―  lìhuì  ―  regular meeting

6. (literary) to compare; to contrast

Synonyms

• (example):

edit

• 事例 (shìlì)
• 例仔 (Hakka)
• 例子 (lìzi)
• 例證／例证 (lìzhèng)
• 實例／实例 (shílì) (actual example)
• 式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 示例 (shìlì)

 

• (precedent):

edit

• 先例 (xiānlì)
• 判例 (pànlì) (law)
• 判決先例／判决先例 (pànjué xiānlì) (law)
• 前例 (qiánlì)
• 成例 (chénglì)

 

• (rule):

edit

• 則度／则度 (zédù) (literary)
• 守則／守则 (shǒuzé)
• 方案 (fāng'àn)
• 條例／条例 (tiáolì)
• 條規／条规 (tiáoguī)
• 法度 (fǎdù)
• 程度 (chéngdù) (archaic)
• 紀綱／纪纲 (jìgāng) (literary)
• 綱目／纲目 (gāngmù) (Classical Chinese)
• 繩墨／绳墨 (shéngmò) (figurative)
• 規／规 (literary, or in compounds)
• 規則／规则 (guīzé)
• 規定／规定 (guīdìng)
• 規條／规条 (guītiáo)
• 規準／规准 (guīzhǔn) (literary)
• 規矩／规矩 (guījǔ)

 

• (to compare):

edit

• 對比／对比 (duìbǐ)
• 對照／对照 (duìzhào)
• 擬／拟 (nǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
• 比並／比并 (bī-piâng) (Eastern Min)
• 比對／比对 (bǐduì)
• 比擬／比拟 (bǐnǐ)
• 比照 (bǐzhào)
• 比較／比较
• 視／视 (shì) (archaic)
• 進行比較／进行比较 (jìnxíng bǐjiào)

 

Compounds

• 一例 (yīlì)
• 下不為例／下不为例 (xiàbùwéilì)
• 不成比例 (bùchéngbǐlì)
• 事例 (shìlì)
• 例假 (lìjià)
• 例假日
• 例句 (lìjù)
• 例外 (lìwài)
• 例如 (lìrú)
• 例子 (lìzi)
• 例年
• 例會／例会 (lìhuì)
• 例監／例监
• 例行 (lìxíng)
• 例行公事 (lìxínggōngshì)
• 例規／例规
• 例言 (lìyán)
• 例證／例证 (lìzhèng)
• 例貢／例贡
• 例題／例题 (lìtí)
• 俗例 (súlì)
• 先例 (xiānlì)
• 公例 (gōnglì)
• 凡例 (fánlì)
• 分例
• 刊例
• 判例 (pànlì)
• 則例／则例
• 前例 (qiánlì)
• 反比例 (fǎnbǐlì)
• 古例
• 史無前例／史无前例 (shǐwúqiánlì)
• 向例
• 品例
• 國際慣例／国际惯例
• 圖例／图例 (túlì)
• 契文舉例／契文举例
• 姓名條例／姓名条例
• 定例 (dìnglì)
• 家例
• 實例／实例 (shílì)
• 常例 (chánglì)
• 常例錢／常例钱
• 年例
• 往例
• 後不為例／后不为例
• 律例 (lǜlì)
• 循例 (xúnlì)
• 恆例／恒例 (hénglì)
• 惡例／恶例
• 慣例／惯例 (guànlì)
• 成例 (chénglì)
• 戰例／战例 (zhànlì)
• 打破慣例／打破惯例
• 按例 (ànlì)
• 按分比例
• 援例 (yuánlì)
• 攀例
• 文例
• 易例
• 有例可援
• 案例 (ànlì)
• 格於成例／格于成例
• 條例／条例 (tiáolì)
• 正比例 (zhèngbǐlì)
• 比例 (bǐlì)
• 比例尺 (bǐlìchǐ)
• 沿例
• 法例 (fǎlì)
• 照例 (zhàolì)
• 照例話／照例话
• 特例 (tèlì)
• 病例 (bìnglì)
• 發凡舉例／发凡举例
• 破例 (pòlì)
• 示例 (shìlì)
• 禁例 (jìnlì)
• 範例／范例 (fànlì)
• 罰例／罚例
• 義例／义例
• 老例 (lǎolì)
• 舉例／举例 (jǔlì)
• 舉例發凡／举例发凡
• 舊例／旧例 (jiùlì)
• 諸如此例／诸如此例
• 譜例／谱例
• 變例／变例 (biànlì)
• 通例 (tōnglì)
• 違例／违例 (wéilì)
• 配分比例
• 釋例／释例 (shìlì)
• 金石例
• 開例／开例
• 開先例／开先例
• 體例／体例 (tǐlì)

 

References

• “例”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

例

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: れ (re)
• Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
• On: れつ (retsu)
• Kun: たとえる (tatoeru, 例える, Jōyō)、たぐい (tagui, 例)、ためし (tameshi, 例)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 例(れい)外(がい) (reigai, “exception”)
• 例(れい)規(き) (reiki)
• 例(れい)刻(こく) (reikoku)
• 例(れい)祭(さい) (reisai)
• 例(れい)示(じ) (reiji, “exemplification; exemplify”)
• 例(れい)年(ねん) (reinen, “average/usual year”)
• 例(れい)文(ぶん) (reibun, “sample/example sentence”)
• 例(れい)話(わ) (reiwa, “illustration, parable”)
• 例会
• 例題
• 例解
• 例月
• 例言
• 例時
• 例式
• 例証
• 例数
• 例日

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
例
れい Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) れー [réꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞ː]

Noun

例(れい) • (rei) 

1. a custom, usual practice, habit

   Synonym: 慣例 (kanrei)

   例(れい)によって

   rei ni yotte

   as usual

   例(れい)に無(な)く

   rei ni naku

   contrary to habit

   メールで連(れん)絡(らく)するのが例(れい)となっている。

   Mēru de renraku suru no ga rei to natteiru.

   It has become customary practice to correspond by email.

2. a precedent

   例(れい)のない出(で)来(き)事(ごと)

   rei no nai dekigoto

   an unprecedented incident

3. the aforementioned

   例(れい)の男(おとこ)

   rei no otoko

   that man (who we were speaking about)

4. a case, an instance, an illustration, an example

   Synonyms: 一例 (ichirei), たとえ (tatoe)

   例(れい)として

   rei to shite

   for instance

   例(れい)を示(しめ)す

   rei o shimesu

   give an example

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
例
ためし Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
例し 様

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ためし [tàméshíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠me̞ɕi]

Noun

例(ためし) • (tameshi) 

1. an instance, an example, a precedent

   Synonyms: 実例 (jitsurei), 先例 (senrei)

   聞(き)いた例(ためし)がありません。

   Kīta tameshi ga arimasen.

   I have never heard of such a thing.

Usage notes

The most common reading is れい (rei).

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 例 (MC ljejH). Recorded as Middle Korean 례〯 (lyěy) (Yale: lyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (initial position)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [je̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [예(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
• (non-initial position)
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɾje̞]
  • Phonetic hangul: [례]

Hanja

Wikisource

例 (eumhun 법식(法式) 례, word-initial (South Korea) 법식(法式) 예)

1. hanja form^? of 례/예 (“example”)
2. hanja form^? of 례/예 (“rule; formalities; process”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 전례 (前例, jeollye)
• 선례 (先例, seollye)
• 관례 (慣例, gwallye)
• 차례 (次例, charye)
• 사례 (事例, sarye)
• 유례 (類例, yurye)
• 조례 (條例, jorye)
• 예외 (例外, ye'oe)
• 예년 (例年, yenyeon)
• 비례 (比例, birye)
• 연례 (年例, yeollye)
• 예규 (例規, yegyu)
• 범례 (凡例, beomnye)
• 판례 (判例, pallye)
• 예시 (例示, yesi)
• 실례 (實例, sillye)
• 특례 (特例, teungnye)
• 예문 (例文, yemun)
• 예제 (例題, yeje)
• 범례 (範例, beomnye)
• 용례 (用例, yongnye)
• 이례 (異例, irye)
• 예화 (例話, yehwa)
• 일례 (一例, illye)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

例: Hán Nôm readings: lệ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.