جام

See also: حام, خام, and چام

Arabic

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جام (jâm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaːm/

Noun

جَام • (jām) m (plural جَامَات (jāmāt) or جُوم (jūm) or أَجْوَام (ʔajwām))

1. cup, bowl
2. tray, platter

Declension

Declension of noun جَام (jām)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَام jām	الْجَام al-jām	جَام jām
Nominative	جَامٌ jāmun	الْجَامُ al-jāmu	جَامُ jāmu
Accusative	جَامًا jāman	الْجَامَ al-jāma	جَامَ jāma
Genitive	جَامٍ jāmin	الْجَامِ al-jāmi	جَامِ jāmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَامَيْن jāmayn	الْجَامَيْن al-jāmayn	جَامَيْ jāmay
Nominative	جَامَانِ jāmāni	الْجَامَانِ al-jāmāni	جَامَا jāmā
Accusative	جَامَيْنِ jāmayni	الْجَامَيْنِ al-jāmayni	جَامَيْ jāmay
Genitive	جَامَيْنِ jāmayni	الْجَامَيْنِ al-jāmayni	جَامَيْ jāmay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَامَات‎; جُوم‎; أَجْوَام jāmāt‎; jūm‎; ʔajwām	الْجَامَات‎; الْجُوم‎; الْأَجْوَام al-jāmāt‎; al-jūm‎; al-ʔajwām	جَامَات‎; جُوم‎; أَجْوَام jāmāt‎; jūm‎; ʔajwām
Nominative	جَامَاتٌ‎; جُومٌ‎; أَجْوَامٌ jāmātun‎; jūmun‎; ʔajwāmun	الْجَامَاتُ‎; الْجُومُ‎; الْأَجْوَامُ al-jāmātu‎; al-jūmu‎; al-ʔajwāmu	جَامَاتُ‎; جُومُ‎; أَجْوَامُ jāmātu‎; jūmu‎; ʔajwāmu
Accusative	جَامَاتٍ‎; جُومًا‎; أَجْوَامًا jāmātin‎; jūman‎; ʔajwāman	الْجَامَاتِ‎; الْجُومَ‎; الْأَجْوَامَ al-jāmāti‎; al-jūma‎; al-ʔajwāma	جَامَاتِ‎; جُومَ‎; أَجْوَامَ jāmāti‎; jūma‎; ʔajwāma
Genitive	جَامَاتٍ‎; جُومٍ‎; أَجْوَامٍ jāmātin‎; jūmin‎; ʔajwāmin	الْجَامَاتِ‎; الْجُومِ‎; الْأَجْوَامِ al-jāmāti‎; al-jūmi‎; al-ʔajwāmi	جَامَاتِ‎; جُومِ‎; أَجْوَامِ jāmāti‎; jūmi‎; ʔajwāmi

References

• Gacek, Adam (2008) The Arabic Manuscript Tradition: A Glossary of Technical Terms, →ISBN
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “جام”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Iraqi Arabic

Etymology

From Persian جام (jâm).

Noun

جام (jām) m

1. glass, pane

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Persian جام (jâm, “glass, pane”).

Noun

جام • (cam)

1. glass, an amorphous and often transparent substance

   Synonym: صرچه (sırça)

2. cup, glass, beaker, stoop, a vessel made of glass

   Synonyms: بارداق (bardak), ساغراق (saġrak) (glass)

3. piece of glass applied to any particular purpose, as a watchglass, etc.
4. integrated sheet of glass such as a window-pane, window-sash or window-valve, a bull's-eye of glass in a vault or dome etc.

Adjective

جام • (cam)

1. of glass, glassy, vitreous

   Synonym: صرچه (sırça)

Derived terms

• جام گوبكی (cam göbeği, “the knot of glass on a blower's pipe”)
• جام گوز (cam göz, “hound shark”)
• جامجی (camcı, “glazier”)
• جاملتمق (camlatmak, “to make or let be fitted with glass”)
• جاملق (camlık, “glassiness”)
• جاملمق (camlamak, “to fit with glass”)
• جاملنمق (camlanmak, “to become glassy”)
• جاملو (camlı, “glassy”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: cam
• → Albanian: xham
• → Armenian: ճամ (čam), ջամ (ǰam)
• → Aromanian: agiame, giame
• → Bulgarian: джам (džam)
• → Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
• → Greek: τζάμι (tzámi)
• → Laz: ჯამი (cami), ჟამი (jami) — Ghvant, ნჯამი (ncami) — Vitse–Arkabi
• → Macedonian: џам (džam)
• → Romanian: geam
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: џа̏м

  Latin script: džȁm

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “cam”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 745
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “جام”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎^[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 177a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جام”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 430
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Vitrum”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1775
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جام”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[4], Vienna, column 1560
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “cam”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Поленаковиќ, Харалампие (2007) “25. AǦAME sb. f. pl. aǧeń i aǧemurǐ; ǦAME”, in Зузана Тополињска, Петар Атанасов, editors, Турските елементи во ароманскиот‎^[5], put into Macedonian from the author’s Serbo-Croatian Turski elementi u aromunskom dijalektu (1939, unpublished) by Веселинка Лаброска, Скопје: Македонска академија на науките и уметностите, →ISBN, page 75
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جام”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[6], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 636

Pashto

Etymology

From Persian جام (jâm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑm/

Noun

جام • (jâm) m

1. cup, goblet

Declension

declension of جام

	singular		plural
direct	جام (jâm)		جامونه (jâmuna)
oblique	جام (jâm)		جامونو (jâmuno)
vocative	جامه (jâma)		جامونو (jâmuno)

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (ǰām, “glass”). Related to Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬨𐬀 (yama, “glass”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːm]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɒːm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔm]

Readings
Classical reading?	jām
Dari reading?	jām
Iranian reading?	jâm
Tajik reading?	jom

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	جام
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷом

جام • (jâm) (plural جام‌ها (jâm-hâ))

1. cup
2. glass, pane

Derived terms

• جام جم (jâm-e jam, “Cup of Jamshid”)
• جام زهر (jâm-e zahr, literally “poisoned chalice”)

 

Descendants

• → Arabic: جام (jām, “cup, bowl, plate”)
• → Gulf Arabic: جام (jām), جامة (jāma, “motorvehicle window”)
• → Iraqi Arabic: جام (jām)
• → Bengali: জাম (jam)
• → Gujarati: જામ (jām)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जाम (jām)

  Urdu: جام (jâm)

• → Pashto: جام (jâm)
• → Ottoman Turkish: جام (cam)
  • Turkish: cam
  • → Albanian: xham
  • → Armenian: ճամ (čam), ջամ (ǰam)
  • → Aromanian: agiame, giame
  • → Bulgarian: джам (džam)
  • → Georgian: ჯამი (ǯami)
  • → Greek: τζάμι (tzámi)
  • → Laz: ჯამი (cami), ჟამი (jami) — Ghvant, ნჯამი (ncami) — Vitse–Arkabi
  • → Macedonian: џам (džam)
  • → Romanian: geam
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: џа̏м

    Latin script: džȁm

References

• Hassuri, Ali (1983) “Two Middle Persian Words”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[7], volume 133, pages 145–148

Urdu

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɑːm/
• Rhymes: -ɑːm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جام (jām).

Noun

جام • (jām) m (Hindi spelling जाम)

1. goblet; wine cup
2. (loosely) glass; drinking vessel

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit जम्बु (jambu).

Noun

جام • (jām) m (Hindi spelling जाम)

1. rose apple
2. guava
3. night watch (for a period of three hours)
4. son

Declension

Declension of جام
	singular	plural
direct	جام (jām)	جام (jām)
oblique	جام (jām)	جاموں (jāmõ)
vocative	جام (jām)	جامو (jāmo)

References

• “جام”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “جام”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

Ushojo

Etymology

From Pashto جام (jām).

Noun

جام (jām)

1. stirrup