дом

See also: домъ and Appendix:Variations of "dom"

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• dom — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *dȍmъ (“house; home”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dom]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

дом • (dom) m inan (genitive до́му, uncountable)

1. home, house, abode (a dwelling)

   Synonyms: жыллё (žylljó), жытло́ (žytló)

   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 576:

     Калі развіднела, ён зноў замкнуўся ў сваім пакоі. Ён хацеў паехаць сёння. Але чапляўся за гэтыя сувязі, што прывязвалі яго да дому — апошняе і адзінае, што асталася ў яго. Ён паедзе заўтра.

     Kali razvidnjela, jon znoŭ zamknuŭsja ŭ svaim pakói. Jon xacjeŭ pajexacʹ sjónnja. Alje čapljaŭsja za hetyja suvjazi, što pryvjazvali jahó da dómu — apóšnjaje i adzinaje, što astalasja ŭ jahó. Jon pajedzje zaŭtra.

     [original: When the day broke he was shut up in his rooms again. He had meant to go away to-day, but clung to this tie in the house as the last and only thing left to him. He would go to-morrow.]

2. home (one’s native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one’s ancestors dwell or dwelt)

   Synonym: радзі́ма (radzíma)

   Дзе ж мой дом, дзе мой люд? ― Dzje ž moj dom, dzje moj ljud? ― Where is my home, where are my people?

   • 1913, А. Новіч, Амэрыканец, Пецярбург: Загляне сонцэ і ў нашэ ваконцэ, page 12:

     — Ну, штож? добра жыць у Амэрыцэ, а ўсёж такі да дому захацелася? Рад, што вярнуўся да хаты?

     — Nu, štož? dóbra žycʹ u Ameryce, a ŭsjož taki da dómu zaxacjelasja? Rad, što vjarnuŭsja da xaty?

     "Well, howdy? It's good to live in America, but you still missed your homeland after all, didn't you? Are you glad to be back home?"

   • 1938 [1883], Robert Louis Stevenson, anonymous translator, Востраў скарбаў, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Treasure Island, page 50:

     Да гэтага часу я думаў толькі аб прыгодах, якія чакаюць мяне наперадзе, а не аб доме, які я пакідаю.

     Da hetaha času ja dumaŭ tólʹki ab pryhódax, jakija čakajucʹ mjanje napjeradzje, a nje ab dómje, jaki ja pakidaju.

     [original: I had thought up to that moment of the adventures before me, not at all of the home that I was leaving;]

Declension

Declension of дом (inan sg-only hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular
nominative	дом dom
genitive	до́му dómu
dative	до́му dómu
accusative	дом dom
instrumental	до́мам dómam
locative	до́ме dómje

Noun

дом • (dom) m inan (genitive до́ма, nominative plural дамы́, genitive plural дамо́ў)

1. building (a closed structure with walls and a roof)

   Synonym: буды́нак (budýnak)

   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 284:

     Вакол усяго дома, ад фундамента пад самы дах, падымаўся лабірынт рыштаванняў.

     Vakól usjahó dóma, ad fundamjenta pad samy dax, padymaŭsja labirynt ryštavannjaŭ.

     [original: There was a labyrinth of scaffolding raised all round the house, from the basement to the roof.]

   • 1938 [1848], Charles Dickens, anonymous translator, Домбі і сын, Minsk: ДВБ, translation of Dombey and Son, page 330:

     Зірнем на два дамы; яны не стаяць адзін каля другога, але раздзелены вялікай адлегласцю, хоць абодва знаходзяцца недалёка ад вялікай сталіцы — Лондана.

     [Зірне́м на два дамы́; яны́ не стая́ць адзі́н каля́ друго́га, але́ раздзе́лены вялі́кай адле́гласцю, хоць або́два знахо́дзяцца недалёка ад вялі́кай сталі́цы — Лондана.]

     Zirnjém na dva damý; janý nje stajácʹ adzín kaljá druhóha, aljé razdzjéljeny vjalíkaj adljéhlascju, xocʹ abódva znaxódzjacca njedaljóka ad vjalíkaj stalícy — Lóndana.

     [original: Turn we our eyes upon two homes; not lying side by side, but wide apart, though both within easy range and reach of the great city of London.]

Declension

Declension of дом (inan hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	дом dom	дамы́ damý
genitive	до́ма dóma	дамо́ў damóŭ
dative	до́му dómu	дама́м damám
accusative	дом dom	дамы́ damý
instrumental	до́мам dómam	дама́мі damámi
locative	до́ме dómje	дама́х damáx
count form	—	дамы́ damý

References

• “дом”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “дом” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic домъ (domŭ), from Proto-Slavic *dȍmъ (“house; home”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɔm]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

дом • (dom) m

1. residential building, home, house

   Synonym: къ́ща (kǎ́šta)

2. family
3. native place

Declension

Declension of дом

	singular	plural
indefinite	дом dom	домове́, до́мове domové, dómove
definite (subject form)	домъ́т domǎ́t	домове́те, до́мовете domovéte, dómovete
definite (object form)	дома́ domá
count form	—	до́ма dóma

References

• “дом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “дом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȍmъ (“house; home”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɔm]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: дом

Noun

дом • (dom) m (plural до́мови, relational adjective до́машен, diminutive до́мче)

1. home, house (a residential building)

   Synonym: ку́ќа (kúḱa)

   О́ва е мо́јот дом. ― Óva e mójot dom. ― This is my home.

2. family
3. home, house (as part of a name of an establishment)

   сту́дентски дом ― stúdentski dom ― student dorms / dorm / dormitory

4. (figurative) homeland
5. chamber, house (one of the two bodies that make up the congregation in some countries)

Declension

Declension of дом

	singular	plural
indefinite	дом	домови
definite unspecified	домот	домовите
definite proximal	домов	домовиве
definite distal	домон	домовине
vocative	дому	домови
count form	—	дома

Derived terms

• бездомен (bezdomen)
• бездомник m (bezdomnik)
• бездомничка f (bezdomnička)
• бездомништво n (bezdomništvo)
• вдоми (vdomi)
• вдомува (vdomuva)
• дома (doma)
• домазет m (domazet)
• домазетство n (domazetstvo)
• домар m (domar)
• домаси (domasi)
• домаќин m (domaḱin)
• домаќинка f (domaḱinka)
• домаќинлак m (domaḱinlak)
• домаќински (domaḱinski)
• домаќинство n (domaḱinstvo)
• домашар m (domašar)
• домашарка f (domašarka)
• домашен (domašen)
• домашна f (domašna)
• домашно n (domašno)
• домороден (domoroden)
• домородец m (domorodec)
• домува (domuva)
• задоми (zadomi)
• задомува (zadomuva)
• недомаќин m (nedomaḱin)
• недомаќинка f (nedomaḱinka)
• недомаќински (nedomaḱinski)
• одомаши (odomaši)
• раздоми (razdomi)
• раздомува (razdomuva)

 

References

2. “дом” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Russian

Alternative forms

• домъ (dom) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic домъ (domŭ, “house; home”), from Proto-Slavic *dȍmъ (“house; home”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *damús, from Proto-Indo-European *dṓm (“home; house”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dom]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -om

Noun

дом • (dom) m inan (genitive до́ма, nominative plural дома́ or до́мы^*, genitive plural домо́в, relational adjective дома́шний or домово́й or домо́вый, diminutive до́мик, augmentative доми́ще or доми́на, pejorative доми́шко)

1. house, building (a residential building)

   Synonym: (building in general) зда́ние (zdánije)

   обы́скивать дом за до́мом ― obýskivatʹ dom za dómom ― to search house by house

   кварти́рный дом ― kvartírnyj dom ― apartment building; block of flats

2. house, home (as part of a name of an establishment)

   изда́тельский дом ― izdátelʹskij dom ― publishing house

   сумасше́дший дом ― sumasšédšij dom ― insane asylum; madhouse

   дом о́тдыха ― dom ótdyxa ― holiday resort

   дом престаре́лых ― dom prestarélyx ― retirement home

3. plot (in some street addresses: a group of buildings sharing the same street number)

   Моско́вское шоссе́, дом 123, ко́рпус 2, кварти́ра 10 ― Moskóvskoje šossé, dom 123, kórpus 2, kvartíra 10 ― 123 Moskovskoye highway, building 2, apartment 10

4. home

   родно́й дом ― rodnój dom ― native home

   Дом англича́нина — его́ кре́пость. ― Dom angličánina — jevó krépostʹ. ― An Englishman's home is his castle.

5. dynasty, noble house

   дом Рома́новых ― dom Románovyx ― the Romanov dynasty

   чума́ на о́ба ва́ши до́ма ― čumá na óba váši dóma ― a plague on both your houses

Usage notes

• The nominative-accusative plural до́мы (dómy), largely unused now, was in earlier Russian (as late as 19th century) sometimes restricted to the accusative case and distinguished from a nominative plural дома́ (domá). Compare the nominative plural домовє (domove), accusative plural домꙑ (domy) of Old Church Slavonic домъ (domŭ).

Declension

Declension of дом (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-c/e irreg) 

	singular	plural
nominative	до́м dóm	дома́△, до́мы* domá△, dómy*
genitive	до́ма dóma	домо́в domóv
dative	до́му dómu	дома́м domám
accusative	до́м dóm	дома́△, до́мы* domá△, dómy*
instrumental	до́мом dómom	дома́ми domámi
prepositional	до́ме dóme	дома́х domáx
partitive	до́му dómu
locative	дому́ domú

^△ Irregular.
^* Archaic or nonstandard.

Derived terms

• -до́мный (-dómnyj)
  • бездо́мный (bezdómnyj)
  • двудо́мный (dvudómnyj)
  • многодо́мный (mnogodómnyj)
  • надо́мный (nadómnyj)
  • однодо́мный (odnodómnyj)
• до́ма (dóma)
• дома́шний (domášnij)
  • дома́шнее зада́ние n (domášneje zadánije), дома́шняя рабо́та f (domášnjaja rabóta)
    • дома́шка f (domáška)
  • дома́шние pl anim (domášnije)
  • одома́шнить pf (odomášnitʹ), одома́шнивать impf (odomášnivatʹ)
    • одома́шненный (odomášnennyj)
    • одома́шнивание n (odomášnivanije)
• домови́на f (domovína)
• домови́тый (domovítyj)
• домово́й (domovój)
  • домовёнок m anim (domovjónok)
  • придомово́й (pridomovój)
• домо́й (domój)
• домовладе́лец m anim (domovladélec)
• доморо́щенный (domoróščennyj)
• домосе́д m anim (domoséd)
• домотка́ный (domotkányj)
• домохозя́йка f anim (domoxozjájka)
• домоча́дец m anim (domočádec)
• дому́шник m anim (domúšnik)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dȍmъ (“house; home”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dôm/

Noun

до̏м m (Latin spelling dȍm)

1. home, house

Declension

Declension of дом

	singular	plural
nominative	до̏м	до̀мови
genitive	до̀ма	домова
dative	дому	домовима
accusative	дом	домове
vocative	до̏ме	домови
locative	дому	домовима
instrumental	домом	домовима