τυρός

See also: Τύρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *tūrós (whence also Mycenaean Greek 𐀶𐀫 (tu-ro /⁠tūrós⁠/)), probably from Proto-Indo-European *tuh₂-ró-s, from *tewh₂- (“to swell”). However, compare Old English ġe-þweor (“curds”), from *(s)twerH- (“to swirl, churn”). Possibly a formation in common with Proto-Slavic *tvarogъ (“quark, whey-cheese”) and Avestan 𐬙𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬌 (tūⁱri), but the root and morphological details are disputed.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tyː.rós/ → /tyˈros/ → /tiˈros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tyː.rós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tyˈros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /tyˈros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /tyˈros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /tiˈros/

Noun

τῡρός • (tūrós) m (genitive τῡροῦ); second declension

1. cheese

Declension

Second declension of ὁ τῡρός; τοῦ τῡροῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ τῡρός ho tūrós	τὼ τῡρώ tṑ tūrṓ	οἱ τῡροί hoi tūroí
Genitive	τοῦ τῡροῦ toû tūroû	τοῖν τῡροῖν toîn tūroîn	τῶν τῡρῶν tôn tūrôn
Dative	τῷ τῡρῷ tôi tūrôi	τοῖν τῡροῖν toîn tūroîn	τοῖς τῡροῖς toîs tūroîs
Accusative	τὸν τῡρόν tòn tūrón	τὼ τῡρώ tṑ tūrṓ	τοὺς τῡρούς toùs tūroús
Vocative	τῡρέ tūré	τῡρώ tūrṓ	τῡροί tūroí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• βούτῡρον (boútūron)
• βούτῡρος (boútūros)
• πολῠ́τῡρος (polútūros)
• τῡρείᾱ (tūreíā)
• τῡροκομεῖον (tūrokomeîon)
• τῡροφορεῖον (tūrophoreîon)

 

Descendants

(from diminutive τυρίον (turíon))

• Byzantine Greek: τυρίν (turín)
  • Greek: τυρί (tyrí)
  • Mariupol Greek: тыри́ (tyrí)

Further reading

• “τυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “τυρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “τυρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τυρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• τυρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 129