Thoracica
| Thoracica | |
|---|---|
| |
| Semibalanus balanoides | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Thecostraca |
| Subclass: | Cirripedia |
| Infraclass: | Thoracica Darwin, 1854 |
| Orders[1] | |
| |
Thoracica is an infraclass of crustaceans which contains the most familiar species of barnacles found on rocky coasts, such as Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus. They have six well-developed limbs, and may be either stalked or sessile. The carapace is heavily calcified. The group includes free-living and commensal species.[2]
Classification
[edit]This article follows Chan et al. (2021) and WoRMS in placing Thoracica as an infraclass of Thecostraca and in the following classification of thoracicans down to the level of family:[3][4]
- Infraclass Thoracica Darwin, 1854
- Superorder Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019
- Order Iblomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Family Iblidae Leach, 1825
- Family Idioiblidae Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Order †Eolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family †Eolepadidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Family †Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930
- Order Iblomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Superorder Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015
- Order Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
- Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
- Family Balanidae Leach, 1817
- Family Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825
- Superfamily Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854
- Family Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
- Family Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Family Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854
- Family Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
- Family Waikalasmatidae Ross & Newman, 2001
- Superfamily Coronuloidea Leach, 1817
- Family Austrobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976
- Family Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross, 1971
- Family Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916
- Family Coronulidae Leach, 1817
- Family Tetraclitidae Gruvel, 1903
- Superfamily Elminioidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Elminiidae Foster, 1982
- Superfamily †Pachydiadematoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family †Pachydiadematidae Chan et al., 2021
- Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
- Order Calanticomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family Calanticidae Zevina, 1978
- Family †Cretiscalpellidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Family †Titanolepadidae Gale & Sørensen, 2015
- Order Pollicipedomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905
- Family Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817
- Family †Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996
- Order Scalpellomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Superfamily Lepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921
- Family Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
- Family Malacolepadidae Hiro, 1937
- Family Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
- Family Rhizolepadidae Zevina, 1980
- Superfamily Neolepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Neobrachylepadidae Newman & Yamaguchi, 1995
- Family Neolepadidae Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004
- Family Neoverrucidae Newman, 1989 in Hessler & Newman, 1989
- Family Probathylepadidae Ren & Sha, 2015
- Superfamily Scalpelloidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907
- Family †Proverrucidae Newman, 1989 in Hessler & Newman, 1989
- Superfamily Lepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Order Verrucomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
- Family Verrucidae Darwin, 1854
- Family †Eoverrucidae Gale, 2020
- Order †Archaeolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family †Archaeolepadidae Gale, 2019
- Family †Myolepadidae Gale, 2015 in Gale & Sørensen, 2015
- Family †Stramentidae Withers, 1920
- Order †Brachylepadomorpha Withers, 1923
- Family †Brachylepadidae Woodward, 1901
- Order Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
- Superorder Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019
References
[edit]- ^ WoRMS (2019). Thoracica. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1107 on 2019-01-16
- ^ Robert D. Barnes (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6.
- ^ Chan, Benny K. K.; Dreyer, Niklas; Gale, Andy S.; Glenner, Henrik; et al. (2021). "The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (3): 789–846. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160. hdl:11250/2990967.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species, genus Dosima". Retrieved 2021-08-24.
Wikispecies has information related to Thoracica.