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Sanyo

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Sanyo (disambiguation).

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
Native name
三洋電機株式会社
San'yō Denki Kabushiki-gaisha
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryElectronics
Founded1947; 77 years ago (1947)
April 1950; 74 years ago (1950-04) (incorporated)[1]
FounderToshio Iue
DefunctApril 2012 Edit this on Wikidata
FateAcquired by Panasonic[2]
HeadquartersMoriguchi, Osaka, Japan
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Seiichirou Igaki (president)[1]
Products
RevenueDecrease ¥84.678 billion (2018)[3]
Decrease ¥6.590 billion (2018)[3]
Decrease ¥4.983 billion (2018)[3]
Total assetsDecrease ¥106.304 billion (2018)[3]
Total equityIncrease ¥64.832 billion (2018)[3]
Number of employees
104,882 (consolidated)
9,504 (non-consolidated)
(March 31, 2010)[4]
ParentPanasonic
Websitesanyo-av.com (Audiovisual products, American market only)

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (三洋電機株式会社, San'yō Denki Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese electronics manufacturer founded in 1947 by Toshio Iue, the brother-in-law of Kōnosuke Matsushita, the founder of Matsushita Electric Industrial, now known as Panasonic. Iue left Matsushita Electric to start his own business, acquiring some of its equipment to produce bicycle generator lamps. In 1950, the company was established. Sanyo began to diversify in the 1960s, having launched Japan's first spray-type washing machine in 1953. In the 2000s, it was known as one of the 3S along with Sony and Sharp. Sanyo also focused on solar cell and lithium battery businesses. In 1992, it developed the world's first hybrid solar cell, and in 2002, it had a 41% share of the global lithium-ion battery market. In its heyday in 2003, Sanyo had sales of about ¥2.5 trillion. However, it fell into a financial crisis as a result of its huge investment in the semiconductor business. In 2009, Sanyo was acquired by Panasonic, and in 2011, it was fully consolidated into Panasonic and its brand disappeared. The company still exists as a legal entity for the purpose of winding up its affairs.

History

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Beginnings

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Old logo, used from 1961 to 1987
Transistor radio, model 8S-P3, released in 1959

Sanyo was founded when Toshio Iue, the brother-in-law of Konosuke Matsushita and also a former Matsushita employee, was lent an unused Matsushita plant in 1947 and used it to make bicycle generator lamps. Sanyo was incorporated in 1949; it made Japan's first plastic radio in 1952 and Japan's first pulsator-type washing machine in 1954.[4] The company's name means three oceans in Japanese, referring to the founder's ambition to sell their products worldwide, across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.

Sanyo in America

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In 1969, Howard Ladd became the Executive Vice President and COO of Sanyo Corporation. Ladd introduced the Sanyo brand to the United States in 1970. The ambition to sell Sanyo products worldwide was realized in the mid-1970s after Sanyo introduced home audio equipment, car stereos and other consumer electronics to the North American market. The company embarked on a heavy television-based advertising campaign.

Ladd negotiated a purchase of the Fisher Electronics audio equipment manufacturer by Sanyo in May 1975.[5] Under Ladd's leadership, the Fisher Corporation under Sanyo grew to be a multi-million dollar leader in the consumer electronics industry. The new, profitable Fisher Corporation moved its headquarters from New York to Ladd's Los Angeles. Ladd was named president and CEO of the combined Sanyo / Fisher Corporation in 1977, serving until 1987.[6]

Ladd was instrumental at Sanyo in promoting Quadraphonic sound audio equipment for the American market, producing 4-channel audio equipment in both discrete and matrix formats. He said "we make all kinds of quadrasonic equipment because this is the business we're in... let the consumer buy the kind of software he prefers and we'll provide him the hardware to play it on".[7]

Sanyo realized tremendous growth during Ladd's tenure in the 1970s; annual sales grew from $71.4 million (equivalent to $520,078,000 in 2023) in 1972 to $855 million (equivalent to $3,994,071,000 in 2023) in 1978.[5]

After a fairly slow selling line in their own V-Cord video format, Sanyo adopted Sony's Betamax video cassette format around 1977 with initial success, including SuperBeta and Beta Hi-Fi models. From around 1984 onwards, production switched entirely to VHS.

In 1976, Sanyo expanded their North American presence with the purchase of Whirlpool Corporation's television business, Warwick Electronics, which manufactured televisions for Sears.[8][9]

In 1986, Sanyo's U.S. affiliate merged with Fisher to become Sanyo Fisher (U.S.A.) Corporation (later renamed Sanyo Fisher Company). The mergers made the entire organization more efficient, but also resulted in the departure of certain key executives, including Ladd, who had first introduced the Sanyo name to the United States in the early 1970s.[5]

In 1982, Sanyo started selling the MBC-1000 series of CP/M computers.[10] In 1983,[11] it introduced the MBC-550 PC, the lowest-cost IBM PC compatible personal computer available at the time,[12] but its lack of full compatibility drove Sanyo from the market and no follow-on models were released.

1990s corporate culture

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An article on "Sanyo Style" written in 1992 described that Sanyo utilizes an extensive socialization process for new employees, so that they will be acclimatized to Sanyo's corporate culture.[13] New employees take a five-month course during which they eat together and sleep together in accommodation. They learn everything from basic job requirements to company expectations for personal grooming and the appropriate way in which to dress for their co-workers and superiors.

Technologically, Sanyo has had good ties with Sony, supporting the Betamax video format from invention until the mid-1980s (the best selling video recorder in the UK in 1983 was the Sanyo VTC5000), while producing the VHS video format at the same time for the Fisher brand during the early 1980s, and later being an early adopter of the highly successful Video8 camcorder format. More recently, though, Sanyo decided against supporting Sony's format, the Blu-ray Disc, and instead gave its backing to Toshiba's HD DVD. This was ultimately unsuccessful, however, as Sony's Blu-ray triumphed.[14]

In North America, Sanyo manufactured CDMA cellular phones exclusively for Sprint's Sprint PCS brand in the United States and for Bell Mobility in Canada.

Acquisition

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The 2004 Chūetsu earthquake severely damaged Sanyo's semiconductor plant and as a result Sanyo recorded a huge financial loss for that year. The 2005 fiscal year financial results saw a 205 billion yen net income loss. The same year the company announced a restructuring plan called the Sanyo Evolution Project, launching a new corporate vision to make the corporation into an environmental company, plowing investment into strong products like rechargeable batteries, solar photovoltaics, air conditioning, hybrid car batteries and key consumer electronics such as the Xacti camera, projectors and mobile phones.

Sanyo posted signs of recovery after the announcement of positive operating income of 2.6 billion yen. Sanyo remains the world number one producer of rechargeable batteries. Recent product innovations in this area include the Eneloop Low self-discharge NiMH battery, a "hybrid" rechargeable NiMH (Nickel-metal hydride battery) which, unlike typical NiMH cells, can be used from-the-package without an initial recharge cycle and retain a charge significantly longer than batteries using standard NiMH battery design. The Eneloop line competes against similar products such as Rayovac's "Hybrid Rechargeable" line.

On November 24, 2006, Sanyo announced heavy losses and job cuts.[15]

Tomoyo Nonaka, a former NHK anchorwoman who was appointed chairwoman of the company, stepped down in March 2007.[16] The President, Toshimasa Iue, also stepped down in April of that year; Seiichiro Sano was appointed to head the company effective April 2007. In October 2007, Sanyo cancelled a 110 billion yen sale of its semiconductor business, blaming the global credit crisis for the decision and stating that after exploring its other options, it had decided to keep the business and develop it as part of its portfolio.[17]

A Sanyo M9998LU Boombox manufactured circa 1979–80 for the European market with user customized dial and tape lights.
A Sanyo M9998LU Boombox manufactured c. 1979-80 for the European market with user customized dial and tape lights
Sanyo logo on neon signs of Piccadilly Circus
Sanyo's three-year restructuring project

In 2008, Sanyo's mobile phone division was acquired by Kyocera.[18]

On November 2, 2008, Sanyo and Panasonic announced that they have agreed on the main points of a proposed buyout that would make Sanyo a subsidiary of Panasonic.[19] They became a subsidiary of Panasonic on December 21, 2009.[20]

In 2010, Sanyo sold its semiconductor operations to ON Semiconductor.[21]

On July 29, 2010, Panasonic reached an agreement to acquire the remaining shares of Panasonic Electric Works and Sanyo shares for $9.4 billion.[22][23]

By March 2012, parent company Panasonic plans to terminate the Sanyo brand, however it will remain on some of the products where the Sanyo brand still holds value to consumers.[24] In the same month, Sanyo's Southeast Asian unit, responsible for the manufacturing of consumer electric appliances in the region, was announced to be formally acquired by Haier.[25]

In August 2013, a 51% majority stake in Chinese company Hefei Royalstar Sanyo, a 2000 joint venture between Sanyo and Chinese government investment company Hefei, was purchased by American multinational manufacturer Whirlpool Corporation for $552 million.[26]

Energy

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Solar cells and plants

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"Eneloop" Rechargeable LED Lantern (ENL-1EX) by Sanyo

The Sanyo HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin layer) solar cell is composed of a mono thin crystalline silicon wafer surrounded by ultra-thin amorphous silicon layers.[27]

Sanyo Energy opened its solar module assembly plants in Hungary and in Mexico in 2004, and in 2006 it produced solar modules worth $213 million. In 2007, Sanyo completed a new unit at its solar module plant in Hungary that was to triple its annual capacity to 720,000 units in 2008.[28]

Schematics of a HIT-cell

Plans to expand production were based on rising demands for Sanyo Hungary products, whose leading markets are Germany, Italy, Spain and Scandinavia. The plant at Dorog, outside Budapest, became Sanyo's largest solar module production facility in the world. Germany, Italy, Spain and the Scandinavian countries. The plant at Dorog, outside Budapest, will be Sanyo Electric's largest facility producing solar modules in the entire world.[28]

In late September 2008, Sanyo announced its decision to build a manufacturing plant for solar ingots and wafers (the building blocks for silicon solar cells) in Inagi, Japan. The plant began operating in October 2009 and was to reach its full production capacity of 70 megawatts (MW) of solar wafers per year by April 2010. Sanyo and Nippon Oil decided to launch a joint company, known as Sanyo Eneos Solar Co., Ltd., for the production and sale of thin-film solar panels. The new joint company began production and sales at an initial scale of 80 MW, while gradually increasing its production capacity. For this joint project, Sanyo drew on its solar cell technologies, based on the technology acquired through the development of the HIT solar cell.[27]

Sanyo is also responsible for the construction of the Solar Ark.

Rechargeable batteries

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Sanyo pioneered the production of nickel cadmium batteries in 1964, nickel metal hydride batteries (NiMh) in 1990, lithium-ion batteries in 1994, and lithium polymer batteries in 1999.[29] In 2000, it acquired Toshiba's NiMh business, including the Takasaki factory.[30] Since the acquisition of Sanyo by Panasonic, ownership of the Takasaki factory was transferred to the FDK Corporation.[31][32]

Electric vehicle batteries

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Sanyo supplies NiMh batteries to Honda, Ford, Volkswagen and PSA Peugeot Citroen. Sanyo is developing NiMH batteries for hybrid electric vehicles with the Volkswagen group, while their lithium-ion batteries for plug-in HEV will also be housed in Suzuki fleet vehicles.[33]

Sanyo planned to raise monthly production of NiMH batteries for hybrid vehicles from 1 million units to up to 2.5 million by the end of fiscal 2005.[34]

Sanyo India

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Televisions

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Panasonic reintroduced the Sanyo brand in India, with the launch of Sanyo LED TV range on August 8, 2016.[35] On July 11, 2017, Sanyo launched its range of smart TVs on Amazon Prime Day. In August 2017, Sanyo unveiled its NXT range of LED televisions exclusively on Flipkart.[36] In December 2017, Sanyo introduced its first 4K smart TV range in India.[37]

In September 2019, Sanyo introduced a range of Android TV sets known as the Sanyo Kaizen Series.[38]

Air conditioners

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Sanyo worked with Energy Efficiency Services Limited to develop a 1.5-ton inverter air conditioner (AC) with an Indian Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (ISEER) of 5.2. Distribution of these air conditioners began in September 2017.[39]

On April 4, 2019, Sanyo launched a new AC range exclusively on Amazon.[40][41]

Sanyo TV USA

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Though founded in Japan, Sanyo has sold TVs in America for over 50 years; Sanyo TV USA was headquartered in San Diego, California with facilities located in Tijuana, Mexico.

Many of Sanyo's television sets offer MHL compatibility along with Roku-ready branding via HDMI, meaning the TVs are compatible with Roku's MHL-specific streaming stick. Sometimes included with purchase, such as with the Sanyo FVF5044,[42] this stick enables video streaming and other online functions as an affordable alternative to certain smart TVs; the TV's original remote is capable of browsing the service. Multiple models also have USB ports which allow for immediate photo sharing directly off the stick without any additional software/upgrades.[43]

Funai Era

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In October 2014, Panasonic announced its intent to transfer the Sanyo TV unit to Funai in the US market in return for annual royalty payments. Funai is a major Walmart supplier that also supplies Philips and Emerson TV sets to the retail chain.[44] Consumer Reports commented in 2018 that Sanyo TVs "seem to turn up mostly in Walmart stores, almost as a private label for the retailer."[45]

Record-breaking achievements

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Sanyo is also known for its thermal management sector, Sanyo Denki, which makes high speed, large airflow, high static pressure DC fans sold under the moniker "San Ace", a product line mainly geared towards the enterprise market. As of October 2020, Sanyo Denki holds the world record for both rotational speed and static pressure of various dimensions and models. Some notable records are:[46][47][48]

  • A 40 millimetres (1.6 in) 12V 31.2W fan released in May 2020, with a rotational speed of 38,000 RPM and a static pressure of 2.3 kilopascals (0.33 psi).
  • A 40 millimetres (1.6 in) 12V 37.2W contra-rotating fan released in August 2020, with a rotational speed of 36,200 (inlet) and 32,000 (outlet) RPM in opposite directions, creating a static pressure of 2.4 kilopascals (0.35 psi).
  • A 80 millimetres (3.1 in) 12V 57.6W fan able to spin at 18,300 RPM and provide a static pressure of 1.6 kilopascals (0.23 psi).

Sponsorship

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Sanyo was the primary sponsor of the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League in Australia from 2000 to 2012.[49] In Formula One, the company sponsored Benetton from 1989 to 1995, Williams from 1995 to 1997 and Stewart Grand Prix from 1997 to 1999. In football, the company sponsored the Argentinian club River Plate from 1992 until 1995 and the Brazilian Coritiba from 1995 until 1999.

References

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  1. ^ a b "SANYO Electric Co., Ltd". Panasonic. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  2. ^ "Consolidation Continues: Panasonic to Buy Sanyo". July 30, 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e "2019 Integrated Report" (PDF). Sanyo. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Outline". Panasonic. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "SANYO Electric Co., Ltd". 2006. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  6. ^ "Obituary Notices". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California. August 29, 1908. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
  7. ^ "Sanyo to Bow TVC, 9 Music Systems". Billboard. Los Angeles, California: Billboard Publications, Inc. May 5, 1973. Retrieved March 28, 2019.
  8. ^ Reid, T. R. (September 2, 1977). "A Curious Marriage". Retrieved March 18, 2020.
  9. ^ "Whirlpool Corporation - 100 Years at a Glance" (PDF). Whirlpool Corporation. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  10. ^ Myer, Edwin W. (November 29, 1982). "Hardware Review: Sanyo MBC 1000 Small Business Computer". InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group. p. 101. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  11. ^ Shea, Tom (July 11, 1983). "Sanyo Developing IBM Clone". InfoWorld. InfoWorld Media Group. p. 1. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  12. ^ "Sanyo 555, small business computers. (evaluation)".
  13. ^ J. Impoco, "Basic Training, Sanyo Style". U.S. News & World Report, July 13, 1992, pp. 46–48.
  14. ^ "Toshiba to give up on HD DVD, end format war: source". Reuters. February 16, 2008.
  15. ^ "The Japan Times - News on Japan, Business News, Opinion, Sports, Entertainment and More". The Japan Times. November 25, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  16. ^ "Sanyo Chairwoman Tomoyo Nonaka resigns". UPI. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  17. ^ Lewis, Leo (October 18, 2007). "Sanyo calls off semiconductor sale". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  18. ^ "Kyocera merges two S.D. divisions, cutting 36 jobs". The San Diego Union-Tribune. April 2, 2010.
  19. ^ "Sanyo head agrees to Panasonic takeover-sources". reuters.com. November 2, 2008. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  20. ^ "Panasonic Acquires Majority of Sanyo". The New York Times. December 10, 2009. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  21. ^ "Sanyo signs $366 million deal to sell semiconductor unit to US chipmaker ON". Guelph Mercury Tribune. July 15, 2010. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  22. ^ "Panasonic buying Sanyo and other unit for $9.4 billion". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  23. ^ "Panasonic to buy Sanyo in $9 billion deal". NBC News. December 19, 2008. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  24. ^ "Sanyo Electric brand to end in '12". The Japan Times. October 24, 2010. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
  25. ^ "Haier Completes Sanyo Acquisition in Southeast Asia". Official Haier website (Malaysia). March 30, 2012. Archived from the original on July 5, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  26. ^ T. K., Rohit; Kelleher, James B. (August 13, 2013). "Whirlpool buys 51 percent stake in China appliance maker". Reuters.
  27. ^ a b "SANYO & Nippon Oil Establish Thin-film Solar Cell Joint Company". eepower.com. January 26, 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  28. ^ a b "Sanyo Hungary completes new plant, set to triple output, start new project - BBJ". BBJ.hu. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  29. ^ Utsunomiya, Yuji (June 3, 2003). "Sanyo charging ahead in cell phone battery sector". The Japan Times. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  30. ^ "Sanyo to Acquire Toshiba Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery Assets". PowerPulse.net. November 28, 2000. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  31. ^ "Announcement of basic agreement concerning the transfer of shares of SANYO Energy Twicell Co., Ltd. and SANYO Energy Tottori Co., Ltd. to FDK Corporation" (PDF). FDK Corporation. October 28, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  32. ^ "FTC Order Sets Conditions for Panasonic's Acquisition of Sanyo". Federal Trade Commission. November 24, 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  33. ^ "Sanyo completes construction of lithium-ion battery facility in Japan". International Business Times. November 23, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
  34. ^ BioAge Media (September 22, 2005). "Sanyo to More than Double NiMH Battery Production Based on Hybrid Demand". Green Car Congress.
  35. ^ "Japanese company Sanyo enters India with affordable TV sets". The Financial Express. August 11, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
  36. ^ Das, Sharmila (August 9, 2017). "Launched exclusively on Amazon last year, Japanese TV brand Sanyo TV now signs Flipkart". ETRetail.com. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
  37. ^ "Sanyo launches its first 4K Smart TV series in India, starting at Rs 64,990". The Mobile Indian. December 6, 2017. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  38. ^ "Panasonic's online brand Sanyo launches new Kaizen TV series powered by Android TV - Panasonic India". www.panasonic.com. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  39. ^ Sengupta, Debjoy (May 24, 2017). "Panasonic emerges as lowest bidder for EESL's super-efficient ACs". The Economic Times. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
  40. ^ "Panasonic eyes 10 pc market share of online AC sales with brand Sanyo". The Times of India. April 4, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  41. ^ "Sanyo launches Duo Cool inverter ACs in India, price starts Rs 24,490". The Times of India. April 4, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
  42. ^ Greenwald, Will (June 17, 2014). "Sanyo FVF5044". PCMag. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  43. ^ Katzmaier, David (April 22, 2014). "Sanyo introduces 65-inch LCD TV for $998". CNET. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
  44. ^ Murai, Reiji; Kelly, Tim (October 26, 2014). "Panasonic says to transfer Sanyo TV unit in U.S. to Funai Electric". Reuters. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  45. ^ Willcox, James (July 9, 2018). "TV Brands Aren't Always What They Seem". Consumer Reports. Retrieved April 15, 2019. Two years ago, Panasonic agreed to license the Sanyo TV brand to Funai. Today, Sanyo TVs seem to turn up mostly in Walmart stores, almost as a private label for the retailer.
  46. ^ "SANYO DENKI Develops 40 × 40 × 28 mm High Static Pressure Fan Achieves the highest static pressure in the industry". May 28, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  47. ^ "SANYO DENKI Releases 40 × 40 × 56 mm Counter Rotating Fan With the highest static pressure in the industry". August 18, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  48. ^ "SANYO DENKI Develops 80 × 80 × 38 mm High Static Pressure Fan Achieves the highest static pressure and airflow in the industry". September 29, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
  49. ^ Ma, Wenlei (October 27, 2011). "Sanyo and NRL's Panthers split". AdNews. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
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