Psalm 15
| Psalm 15 | |
|---|---|
| "Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle?" | |
| Other name |
|
| Text | attributed to David |
| Language | Hebrew (original) |
Psalm 15 is the 15th psalm in the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill?"
In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm 14. The Latin version begins "Domine quis habitabit in tabernaculo tuo".[1]
The psalm is attributed to David. It is often called an 'entrance liturgy', in which a worshipper asks the conditions of entering the worship place and a priest answers.[2] The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox Church and Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music, including compositions by Heinrich Schütz.
Text
[edit]Hebrew
[edit]The following table shows the Hebrew text[3][4] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).
| Verse | Hebrew | English translation (JPS 1917) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | מִזְמ֗וֹר לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְ֭הֹוָה מִי־יָג֣וּר בְּאׇהֳלֶ֑ךָ מִֽי־יִ֝שְׁכֹּ֗ן בְּהַ֣ר קׇדְשֶֽׁךָ׃ | A Psalm of David. LORD, who shall sojourn in Thy tabernacle? Who shall dwell upon Thy holy mountain? |
| 2 | הוֹלֵ֣ךְ תָּ֭מִים וּפֹעֵ֥ל צֶ֑דֶק וְדֹבֵ֥ר אֱ֝מֶ֗ת בִּלְבָבֽוֹ׃ | He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, And speaketh truth in his heart; |
| 3 | לֹֽא־רָגַ֨ל ׀ עַל־לְשֹׁנ֗וֹ לֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה לְרֵעֵ֣הוּ רָעָ֑ה וְ֝חֶרְפָּ֗ה לֹא־נָשָׂ֥א עַל־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃ | That hath no slander upon his tongue, Nor doeth evil to his fellow, Nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour; |
| 4 | נִבְזֶ֤ה ׀ בְּֽעֵ֘ינָ֤יו נִמְאָ֗ס וְאֶת־יִרְאֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֣ה יְכַבֵּ֑ד נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לְ֝הָרַ֗ע וְלֹ֣א יָמִֽר׃ | In whose eyes a vile person is despised, But he honoureth them that fear the LORD; He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not; |
| 5 | כַּסְפּ֤וֹ ׀ לֹא־נָתַ֣ן בְּנֶשֶׁךְ֮ וְשֹׁ֥חַד עַל־נָקִ֗י לֹ֥א לָ֫קָ֥ח עֹֽשֵׂה־אֵ֑לֶּה לֹ֖א יִמּ֣וֹט לְעוֹלָֽם׃ | He that putteth not out his money on interest, Nor taketh a bribe against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved. |
King James Version
[edit]- Lord, who shall abide in thy tabernacle? who shall dwell in thy holy hill?
- He that walketh uprightly, and worketh righteousness, and speaketh the truth in his heart.
- He that backbiteth not with his tongue, nor doeth evil to his neighbour, nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour.
- In whose eyes a vile person is contemned; but he honoureth them that fear the LORD. He that sweareth to his own hurt, and changeth not.
- He that putteth not out his money to usury, nor taketh reward against the innocent. He that doeth these things shall never be moved.
Analysis
[edit]According to the International Critical Commentary, "Ps[alm] 15 is a didactic poem, inquiring what sort of man is qualified to be a guest of Yahweh (verse 1); describing him in accordance with a decalogue of duties (verses 2-5b) and declaring such a man secure (verse 5c)."[5] The duties listed emphasise virtues relating to one's neighbor.[6]
The main topic of this psalm is "residence" (verse 1: "dwell"... "live") in God's "tent" (not "sanctuary") and how to be in 'holiness, without which no one sees God' (Hebrews 12:14).[2]
Although the Psalm is captioned "A Psalm of David", and the Gemara also attributes this Psalm to David, Charles and Emilie Briggs considered this claim of authorship "unhistoric".[7]
Context
[edit]In Psalm 12 the godly perished and in Psalm 14 there is none righteous. That leaves a rhetorical question as to "who can ascend the mountain of God?" which is an inclusio (a pair of literary bookends) in Psalms 15–24, appearing in Psalm 15:1 and Psalm 24:3.
In the context of the culture of the time, "who [then] can dwell in His tent" as a guest would not only be welcome but also come under his special protection.
In the context of David's time, the ark has been in Shiloh in the tabernacle, and David moves the ark to Mount Zion to a newly made tabernacle there.[8]
Uses
[edit]Christianity
[edit]Some see a chiastic structure of Psalms 15–24, with Psalm 19 in the center.[9]
Many see Jesus as the one who can climb the hill of God and dwell in God's sanctuary, with the church in Him. This is supported by the frequent use of the phrase "right hand [of God]" in each of Psalms 16–21, except for Psalm 19.[10] The right hand of God usually refers to an act of salvation. This Psalm is appointed as one of the Proper Psalms for Ascension Day.[11]
Charles Spurgeon sees this psalm as an expectation of fruit in a believer's life.
Without the wedding-dress of righteousness in Christ Jesus, we have no right to sit at the banquet of communion. Without uprightness of walk we are not fit for the imperfect church on earth, and certainly we must not hope to enter the perfect church above.[12]
Book of Common Prayer
[edit]In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the third day of the month,[13] as well as at Mattins on Ascension Day.[14]
Judaism
[edit]Verse 4 is found in the repetition of the Amidah during Rosh Hashanah.[15]
Musical settings
[edit]Heinrich Schütz set a metric version of Psalm 15 in German, "Wer wird, Herr, in der Hütten dein", as part of the Becker Psalter, SWV 111.
References
[edit]- ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 14 (15) Archived 2017-05-07 at the Wayback Machine medievalist.net
- ^ a b Motyer 1994, p. 495.
- ^ "Psalms – Chapter 15". Mechon Mamre.
- ^ "Psalms 15 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
- ^ Briggs & Briggs 1960, p. 112.
- ^ Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Inc. (1970), Footnote a to Psalm 15 in the New American Bible Revised Edition
- ^ Briggs & Briggs 1960, p. 113.
- ^ The Tabernacle of David by Kevin J. Conner, Christian Publishing, 2007
- ^ "Reflections on Psalms 15–24".
- ^ Bible results for "right hand" biblegateway.com
- ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1906), Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Psalm 15, accessed 4 October 2021
- ^ Spurgeon, C., Charles H. Spurgeon’s Treasury of David: Psalm 15, accessed 29 July 2020
- ^ Church of England, Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter as printed by John Baskerville in 1762, p. 204
- ^ "The Book of Common Prayer: Proper Psalms On Certain Days" (PDF). The Church of England. p. 6. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ The Complete Artscroll Machzor for Rosh Hashanah, page 327
Sources
[edit]- Briggs, Charles Augustus; Briggs, Emilie Grace (1960) [1906]. A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Psalms. International Critical Commentary. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: T & T Clark.
- Motyer, J. A. (1994). "The Psalms". In Carson, D. A.; France, R. T.; Motyer, J. A.; Wenham, G. J. (eds.). New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition (4, illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 485–583. ISBN 9780851106489.
External links
[edit]
- Pieces with text from Psalm 15: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Psalm 15: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
- Psalm 15 in Hebrew and English – Mechon-mamre
- Text of Psalm 15 according to the 1928 Psalter
- A psalm of David. / LORD, who may abide in your tent? / Who may dwell on your holy mountain? text and footnotes, usccb.org United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
- Psalm 15:1 introduction and text, biblestudytools.com
- Psalm 15 – The Character of the One God Receives enduringword.com
- Psalm 15 / Refrain: Through the greatness of your mercy, I will come into your house. Church of England
- Hymns for Psalm 15 hymnary.org
- Charles Spurgeon's commentary on Psalm 15
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