Payara
| Payara | |
|---|---|
| |
| at Toba Aquarium, Japan | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Characiformes |
| Family: | Cynodontidae |
| Genus: | Hydrolycus |
| Species: | H. scomberoides
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hydrolycus scomberoides | |
The payara, Hydrolycus scomberoides, is a species of dogtooth tetra. This predatory fish is found in the Amazon Basin in tropical South America.[3][4] It was the first of four species to be described in the genus Hydrolycus.[5]
Description
[edit]The most noticeable feature of H. scomberoides is the two long fangs protruding from its lower jaw. These are used to impale their prey, mostly smaller fish.[4] It typically reaches a standard length of about 30 cm (1.0 ft),[4][5][6] but can reach up to 51 cm (1 ft 8 in).[7] There are reports of far larger individuals, up to 117 cm (3 ft 10 in) in total length[3] and 17.8 kg (39 lb 4 oz) in weight, based on records by IGFA,[8] but this likely involves confusion with the related H. armatus.[4][5]
H. scomberoides is overall silvery with a dark spot behind the opercle and another at the lower base of the pectoral fin. In adults the tail is dusky on the basal half, turning paler (more transparent) towards the tip.[5][9]
In the aquarium
[edit]The payara, which is also sold as the saber tooth barracuda, vampire fish, vampire tetra, or saber tusk barracuda, is a popular species for large, aggressive aquariums. It requires a large aquarium and can only be mixed with relatively large species, as smaller will be seen as potential prey.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Salvador, G.N. (2023). "Hydrolycus scomberoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T49830234A91630388. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T49830234A91630388.en. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Hydrolycus scomberoides". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hydrolycus scomberoides". FishBase. October 2005 version.
- ^ a b c d e "Hydrolycus scomberoides". SeriouslyFish. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d Toledo-Piza, M.; N.A. Menezes; G.M. Santos (1999). "Revision of the Neotropical fish genus Hydrolycus (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Cynodontidae) with the description of two new species". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 10 (3): 255–280.
- ^ "Payara—Hydrolycus scomberoides". Acute Angling. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ Brambilla; Garcia-Ayala; Travassos; Carvalho; David (2015). "Length-weight relationships of the main commercial fish species of Tucuruí reservoir (Tocantins/Araguaia basin, Brazil)". Boletim do Instituto de Pesca. 41 (3): 665–670.
- ^ "Payara". The International Game Fish Association. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Subfamily Cynodontinae". OPEFE. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 19 October 2017.