K. M. Chellappah
Kanagasabai Mudalithambi Chellappah (24 February 1896 – 24 April 1958), (Tamil: கனகசபை முதலித்தம்பி செல்லப்பா), was a Sri Lankan judicial officer, philanthropist, Tamil and Sinhala linguist scholar who was the pioneer of free library movement in Sri Lanka and laid the foundation for building the Jaffna Public Library.[1][2] In 1933, he started the first library in Jaffna, through lending books from his home in Puttur, Sri Lanka.[3][4][5] This was eventually resulted in the establishment of the Jaffna public library, which was “regarded as among the most remarkable in South Asia and housed about 97,000 books, magazines and old news papers, many of them rare.”[6]
Early life and career
[edit]Born on 24 February 1896 in Puttur West, Sri Lanka, Chellappah was the fourth child of Kanthapillai Kanagasabai Mudalithambiyar and Chinnathambiar Nagamuthu. He studied at Puttur Mission School and completed his higher education in Jaffna Central College.[7]
Chellappah later joined the royal service and began his professional career as judicial officer in a district court in Galle, Sri Lanka. He also worked in the district court of Jaffna, and the high court of Colombo, Gampaha, Galle, Matara, Kegalle, Puttalam, Negombo and Point Pedro.[8] He retired as a chief secretary of Jaffna high court.[9]
He married Mayilvaganam Chellammal and they had six children.[7] He died on 24 April 1958 in Puttur West, Sri Lanka.[7]
Establishing first public library in Jaffna
[edit]While serving as chief secretary to the district court of Jaffna, in 1933, Chellappah started a small library for the public at his home with a collection of books, magazines, seasonal publications and periodicals.[10][11][2][12]
In 1933, Chellappah made an appeal both in Tamil and English to establish a central free Tamil library in Jaffna which was published in the local newspapers, Indu Sathanam and Ceylon Free Press. He also sought support from teachers, merchants, and others in the form of books and donations to set up the library.[9]
In response to this appeal, a meeting was held at Jaffna Central College on 9 June 1934, and discussed the ways to set up a formal public library in Jaffna. A committee named Central Free Library Association, headed by Justice C. Coomaraswamy, was formed for setting up a public library in Jaffna.[2] Rev. Dr. Issac Thambiah, who was the High Court judge of Jaffna, became vice-chairman and Chellappah and C. Ponnambalam designated as joint secretaries.[9][2]
On 1 August 1934, Chellappah and his associates shifted the library to a small rented room in Hospital Road, Jaffna and named it ‘Lanka House’ with a total of 844 books, with an increase in seasonal publications, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts and magazines in the collection.[13][1]
On 1 January 1935, this library was subsequently handed over to the Urban District Council of Jaffna to run as a free public library for people.[1][5] In 1936, the library was again relocated to a bigger rented house on Main Street near the Town Hall.[1] Books could be borrowed by paying a nominal sum of Rs. 3 as membership fee, while Chellappa kept mobilising donations to support the library.[2] The library had a starting capital of Rs. 1,184 and 22 cents largely collected from the efforts of Chellappah.[7]
The Jaffna Public Library was opened on 11 October 1959.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Perera, Sasanka (20 June 2016). Warzone Tourism in Sri Lanka: Tales from Darker Places in Paradise. Delhi: SAGE Publishing India. p. 46. ISBN 978-9-351-50923-3. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Ameresekere, Nihal Sri (29 January 2013). Politics, Justice, and the Rule of Law: Presidential & General Elections 2010. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. p. xviii. ISBN 978-1-481-78177-0. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Khurshid, Anis (1969). Standards for Library Education in Burma, Ceylon, India, and Pakistan. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh. p. 295. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Piyadasa, T. G. (1985). Libraries in Sri Lanka: Their Origin and History from Ancient Times to the Present Time. New Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. p. 93. ISBN 978-8-170-30000-7. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b Gite, Veidehi (31 May 2022). "Revisiting the Jaffna Public Library". deccanherald.com. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Gerharz, Eva (3 April 2014). The Politics of Reconstruction and Development in Sri Lanka: Transnational Commitments to Social Change. Oxfordshire: Routledge. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-317-69280-5. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b c d Tēvarāj, Vi (2 September 2008). 2002 nikal̲vukaḷ. Ann Arbor: the University of Michigan. p. 138. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Sri Lanka Pārlimēntuva Senate (1957). Parliamentary Debates, Volume 10. Oakland, California: the University of California. p. 629. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ a b c Tēvarāj 2008, p. 139.
- ^ Knuth, Rebecca (27 June 2006). "Destroying a Symbol: Checkered History of Sri Lanka's Jaffna Public Library" (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Peter, Mozelius (2014). "Education for All in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Stockholm University. p. 84. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ அருண் பிரசாத், சு. "யாழ் நூலகம் எரிக்கப்பட்டு 40 ஆண்டுகள் நிறைவு : தமிழர்களின் வரலாற்றுப் பொக்கிஷம் ஏன் அழிக்கப்பட்டது?". vikatan.com. vikatan.com. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "யாழ் நூலக எரிப்பு நினைவு தினம்: "தமிழ் இன அழிப்பின் அடையாளமே யாழ் நூலக எரிப்பு"". BBC Tamil. BBC. 1 June 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2023.