Clutha (New Zealand electorate)
Clutha was a New Zealand parliamentary electorate from 1866 to 1996.
Population centres
[edit]In the 1865 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives focussed its review of electorates to South Island electorates only, as the Otago gold rush had caused significant population growth, and a redistribution of the existing population. Fifteen additional South Island electorates were created, including Clutha, and the number of Members of Parliament was increased by 13 to 70.[1]
This electorate covered South Otago and contained the settlements of Balclutha, Kaitangata, and Owaka.[2] It was later enlarged to include much of the Bruce electorate, Including the town of Milton.
History
[edit]The electorate was established in 1865 for the 1866 election.[3] The first representative was James Macandrew, who had served on all previous parliaments.[4] At the 1871 election, Macandrew successfully stood in the Port Chalmers,[4] and Clutha was won by James Thomson.[5] In the 1887 election, Thomson was defeated by Thomas Mackenzie.[6] Mackenzie retired from Parliament at the end of the third term for Clutha in 1896.[7]
The 1896 election was won by James Thomson, who thus started his second period of service. Thomson retired after three terms in 1905, and this was also the end of his political career.[5]
- Alexander Malcolm 1905–22
- John Edie 1922–25
- Fred Waite 1925–31
- Peter McSkimming 1931–35
In the 1996 election, the first MMP election, the electorate was combined with the adjacent Wallace electorate into the Clutha-Southland electorate.
Members of Parliament
[edit]The electorate was represented by ten Members of Parliament:[3]
Key
Independent Liberal Conservative Reform National
- ^ James Roy was elected as an Independent supporting the United–Reform Coalition in 1935, and in 1936 he joined the National Party.
- ^ Vote was postponed to 18 January 1958 as the original Labour candidate, Bruce Waters, died on 29 November 1957, one day before the election.
Election results
[edit]1958 supplementary election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | James Roy | 7,187 | 57.35 | +9.09 | |
| Labour | Joseph Fahey | 5,015 | 40.02 | ||
| Social Credit | Colin Aberdeen | 328 | 2.61 | −10.50 | |
| Majority | 2,172 | 17.33 | +7.69 | ||
| Turnout | 12,530 | 81.86 | −21.01 | ||
| Registered electors | 15,306 | ||||
On 26 November 1957, Bruce Waters, the Labour candidate for Clutha was admitted to Balclutha Public Hospital after a car collision. As a result Waters was unable to engage in any further election campaigning. Due to this development the National and Social Credit candidates cancelled their remaining campaign meetings.[9] Waters died on 29 November causing the election to be delayed.[10] On December 4, after the general election, the outgoing Prime Minister (Keith Holyoake) and incoming Prime Minister (Walter Nash) agreed that the election for Clutha would be held on 18 January.[11] In the intervening time between when the election was scheduled for and the reassigned date one candidate withdrew, Bill Caldwell, who had previously intended to stand as an independent National candidate.[12] Labour selected Joseph Fahey, a farmer from Lawrence, as Waters' replacement to contest the seat on 20 December.[13] When the election was finally held, National candidate James Roy won by a margin of 2,172 votes.[8]
1931 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | Peter McSkimming[nb 1] | 4,751 | 59.60 | ||
| Reform | Fred Waite | 3,221 | 40.40 | −12.82 | |
| Majority | 1,530 | 19.19 | +12.75 | ||
| Informal votes | 145 | 1.79 | |||
| Turnout | 8,117 | 86.68 | −2.82 | ||
| Registered electors | 9,364 | ||||
- ^ McSkimming was affiliated with the United Party.
1928 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Fred Waite | 4,318 | 53.22 | +1.84 | |
| Liberal–Labour | Joseph Stephens[16] | 3,795 | 46.78 | ||
| Majority | 523 | 6.45 | −15.04 | ||
| Turnout | 8,175 | 89.50 | +6.92 | ||
| Registered electors | 9,134 | ||||
1925 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Fred Waite | 3,604 | 51.38 | ||
| Liberal | John Edie | 2,097 | 29.90 | ||
| Labour | John W Fenton | 1,313 | 18.72 | ||
| Majority | 1,507 | 21.49 | |||
1899 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | James William Thomson | 1,809 | 48.55 | ||
| Liberal | Finlay McLeod | 1,312 | 35.21 | ||
| Independent | Alexander Malcolm | 605 | 16.24 | ||
| Majority | 497 | 13.34 | |||
| Turnout | 3,726 | 75.65 | |||
| Registered electors | 4,925 | ||||
1893 election
[edit]| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Thomas Mackenzie | 1,971 | 63.38 | ||
| Liberal | James Burgh | 1,139 | 36.62 | ||
| Majority | 832 | 26.75 | |||
| Turnout | 3,110 | 75.50 | |||
| Registered electors | 4,119 | ||||
Notes
[edit]- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 36.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 37.
- ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 261.
- ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 213.
- ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 240.
- ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 216, 240.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 216.
- ^ a b c Norton 1988, pp. 209.
- ^ "Campaign Ends in Clutha - Candidates Cancel Meeting". The Press. Vol. XCVI, no. 28445. 27 November 1957. p. 16. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Mr Waters' Death Makes Clutha By-election Necessary". The Press. Vol. XCVI, no. 28448. 30 November 1957. p. 16. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Clutha Election for January 18". The Press. Vol. XCVI, no. 28452. 5 December 1957. p. 16. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Clutha Seat - Mr Caldwell Withdraws". The Press. Vol. XCVI, no. 28468. 24 December 1957. p. 10. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Labour Candidate For Clutha". The Press. Vol. XCVI, no. 28466. 21 December 1957. p. 12. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ^ "Elections Recounts". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 142. 12 December 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
- ^ "Labour's Candidates". Maoriland Worker. Vol. 12, no. 299. 22 November 1922. p. 12. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Reform Triumph". The Northern Advocate. 5 November 1925. p. 6. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
- ^ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ^ "Clutha Electoral District". Mataura Ensign. No. 669. 2 December 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ^ "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
References
[edit]- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.