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Alan Fersht

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sir
Alan Fersht
FRS FMedSci
Born
Alan Roy Fersht

(1943-04-21) 21 April 1943 (age 81)
London, England
EducationSir George Monoux Grammar School, University of Cambridge
Known forProtein folding, double-sieve model of error correction, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases
Spouse
Marilyn Persell
​
(m. 1966)​
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisIntramolecular Catalysis of Ester Hydrolysis (1968)
Doctoral students
Sophie E. Jackson, Andreas Matouschek

Sir Alan Roy Fersht (born 21 April 1943) is a British chemist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, and an Emeritus Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge.[6] He was Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge from 2012 to 2018.[7] He works on protein folding, and is sometimes described as a founder of protein engineering.[8][9]

Early life and education

[edit]

Fersht was born on 21 April 1943[10] in Hackney, London.[citation needed] His father, Philip, was a ladies' tailor and his mother, Betty, a dressmaker. His grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Poland, Romania, Lithuania and Belarus.[citation needed] He was educated at Sir George Monoux Grammar School, an all-boys grammar school in Walthamstow, London.[7][10] He was a keen chess player and was the Essex County Junior champion in 1961.[11] He was awarded a State Scholarship to read Natural Sciences at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he obtained First Class in Pt I of the Natural Sciences Tripos in 1964, First Class in Pt II (Chemistry) in 1965 and was awarded his PhD degree in 1968.[12] He was President of the University of Cambridge Chess Club in 1964–65 and awarded a half blue in 1965.[13]

Career and research

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Fersht spent a post-doctoral year (1968–1969) at Brandeis University working under William Jencks. He returned to Cambridge in 1969 as a group leader at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology until 1977 and a junior research fellow at Jesus College, Cambridge until 1972. Fersht was Wolfson Research Professor of the Royal Society and Professor of Biological Chemistry at Imperial College London from 1978 to 1988. He spent a sabbatical year at Stanford University on an Eleanor Roosevelt Fellowship of the American Cancer Society with Arthur Kornberg (1978–79). Fersht was Herchel Smith Professor of Organic Chemistry at Cambridge from 1988 to 2010. He was the Director of the Cambridge Centre for Protein Engineering from 1990 to 2010 when, on reaching the retirement age, he became an Emeritus Group Leader at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. He is a Fellow of both Gonville & Caius College and Imperial College.

Alan Fersht is widely regarded as one of the main pioneers of protein engineering, which he developed as a primary method for analysis of the structure, activity and folding of proteins. He has developed methods for the resolution of protein folding in the sub-millisecond time-scale and has pioneered the method of phi value analysis for studying the folding transition states of proteins.[14] [15] His interests also include protein misfolding, disease and cancer.[1]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science: A Guide to Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Folding[16]
  • The Selected Papers of Sir Alan Fersht: Development of Protein Engineering[11]

Awards and honours

[edit]
Scientists sharing L1 in Caius Court, Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, taken in 1994 (Nevill Mott, Samuel Frederick Edwards, David Tabor, David Shoenberg, Rodney Hill, and Alan Fersht)

Fersht was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1983.[17] The Royal Society awarded him the Gabor Medal in 1991 for molecular biology, in 1998 the Davy Medal for chemistry and in 2008 the Royal Medal. He is a Foreign Associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences,[18] a Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society, a Foreign Member of the Accademia dei Lincei, Member of Academia Europaea, an Honorary Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci).[19] His nomination for the Royal Society reads:

Distinguished for work on mechanisms of enzyme catalysis, especially by stopped and quenched flow methods. He showed that a slow relaxation of chymotrypsin was not a chemical step on the reaction pathway, but a pH-dependent isomerisation between active and inactive forms, and investigated the energetics and equilibria of the transition. He elucidated the leaving-group specificity, leading to a detailed structural interpretation which showed the energetics of "strain" at the binding site. Another experiment dispelled final doubts about the role of a tetrahedral intermediate. More recently Fersht has studied a more complex group of enzymes, the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. He demonstrated that their precise specificity depends on consecutive independent recognition steps, and under appropriate conditions he trapped a transiently discharged aminoacyl tRNA. Fersht has shown how binding energy can be used to enhance either specificity or rate in an enzymatic reaction, leading to a demonstration of thermodynamic limitations on mechanisms of the "induced fit" type.[17]

Fersht holds honorary doctorates from Uppsala University (1999),[20] Vrije Universiteit Brussel (1999), Weizmann Institute of Science (2004), Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2006), and Aarhus University (2008). He is an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge (2014) and Jesus College, Cambridge (2017).[10]

Fersht has received many prizes and medals including: the FEBS Anniversary Prize; Novo Biotechnology Award; Charmian Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry; Max Tishler Lecture and Prize Harvard University; The Datta Lectureship and Medal of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies; Jubilee Lecture and the Harden Medal of the Biochemical Society; Feldberg Foundation Prize, Distinguished Service Award, Miami Nature Biotechnology Winter Symposium; Christian B. Anfinsen Award of the Protein Society; Natural Products Award of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Stein and Moore Award of the Protein Society;[21][22] Bader Award of the American Chemical Society; Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang Prize and Medal; Bijvoet Medal of the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research of Utrecht University in 2008 and the Gilbert N. Lewis Medal University of California, Berkeley, and the Wilhelm Exner Medal in 2009.[23]

In 2003 he was knighted for his pioneering work on protein science.[10] His citation on election to the Academy of Medical Sciences reads:

Herchel Smith Professor of Organic Chemistry at the MRC Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge, Sir Alan is one of the world's leading protein scientists. He was elected to the Royal Society in his late 30s in 1983 for his work illuminating enzymic catalysis and how enzymes attain high fidelity in the translation of the genetic code. Subsequently he was one of the pioneering founders of protein engineering, developing it as an analytical procedure for understanding interactions in proteins and enzyme catalysis. This radical new approach unravelled the relationships between the structure, activity and function of proteins. The full power of his methods became apparent in his seminal and far reaching contributions to the field of protein folding and stability. These studies opened the way to development of novel therapies in cancer and other diseases. He currently works on mutations that affect the stability and activity of the tumour suppressor p53 and how mutants may be "rescued" by small molecule drugs. His contributions have been widely recognised nationally and internationally by prizes for both chemistry and molecular biology, and by memberships of foreign academies.[19]

In August 2020 he was awarded the Copley Medal of The Royal Society, for his development and application of methods of protein engineering to provide descriptions of protein folding pathways at atomic resolution.[24]

Personal life

[edit]

Fersht married Marilyn Persell in 1966 and has one son and one daughter.[10] His recreations include chess,[25][26] horology and wildlife photography.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Alan Fersht publications indexed by Google Scholar
  2. ^ Alan Fersht LMB Profile
  3. ^ Clarke, Jane (1993). Studies of disulphide mutants of barnase. jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. OCLC 53666398. EThOS uk.bl.ethos.318014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
  4. ^ "Women at Cambridge: Jane Clarke". University of Cambridge. 11 February 2014. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015.
  5. ^ Clarke, J; Fersht, A. R. (1993). "Engineered disulfide bonds as probes of the folding pathway of barnase: Increasing the stability of proteins against the rate of denaturation". Biochemistry. 32 (16): 4322–9. doi:10.1021/bi00067a022. PMID 8476861.
  6. ^ "Professor Sir Alan Fersht FRS, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge". Retrieved 26 July 2011.
  7. ^ a b "Professor Sir Alan Fersht FRS becomes the 42nd Master of Caius". Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  8. ^ "Imperial College London: biographical summary Alan Fersht". Archived from the original on 27 June 2009.
  9. ^ BBC: brief Fersht career summary at time of knighthood
  10. ^ a b c d e f Anon (2020). "Fersht, Sir Alan (Roy)". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U15668. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  11. ^ a b Fersht, Alan; Wang, Qinghua (2010). The selected papers of Sir Alan Fersht : development of protein engineering. London: Imperial College Press. ISBN 978-1-84816-554-0. OCLC 646400491.
  12. ^ Fersht, Alan Roy (1968). Intramolecular Catalysis of Ester Hydrolysis (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge. (subscription required)
  13. ^ "Sweeping Chess Win by Oxford". The Times. London. 22 March 1965. p. 12.
  14. ^ Fersht, A.; Matouschek, A.; Serrano, L. (1992). "The folding of an enzyme I. Theory of protein engineering analysis of stability and pathway of protein folding". Journal of Molecular Biology. 224 (3): 771–782. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90561-W. PMID 1569556.
  15. ^ Fersht, A. R. (2024). "From covalent transition states in chemistry to noncovalent in biology: from β- to Φ-value analysis of protein folding". Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. 57 e4. PMID 38597675.
  16. ^ Fersht, Alan (2017). Structure and mechanism in protein science : a guide to enzyme catalysis and protein folding. New Jersey. ISBN 978-981-322-519-0. OCLC 986523773.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ a b "EC/1983/09: Fersht, Alan Roy". London: The Royal Society. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016.
  18. ^ "Alan Fersht, University of Cambridge, Election Year: 1993". National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015.
  19. ^ a b "Professor Sir Alan Fersht FRS FMedSci". Academy of Medical Sciences. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015.
  20. ^ "Honorary doctorates – Uppsala University, Sweden".
  21. ^ "Alan R. Fersht receives Bader Award / Corey Award to David W. C. Mac Millan / Breslow Award to Peter B. Dervan". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 43 (41): 5430. 2004. doi:10.1002/anie.200462026. PMID 15484254.
  22. ^ "Alan Fersht. 2001 Stein and Moore Award". Protein Science. 10 (4): 905. 2001. PMID 11345067.
  23. ^ editor, ÖGV. (2015). Wilhelm Exner Medal. Austrian Trade Association. ÖGV. Austria.
  24. ^ "Royal Society announces 2020 winners of prestigious medals and awards". The Royal Society. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  25. ^ Fersht, Alan (2007). Jaques Staunton Chess Sets 1849–1939. Kaissa Publications. ISBN 978-0-9557325-0-8.
  26. ^ He has written an account of the history of Staunton and other chess sets. Alan Fersht (2010). Jaques and British Chess Company Chess Sets. Kaissa Publications. ISBN 979-8800208528.
[edit]
Scholia has an author profile for Alan Fersht.
Academic offices
Preceded by Master of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
2012–2018 		Succeeded by
Awards
Preceded by Gabor Medal
1991 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Davy Medal
1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Royal Medal
2008
With: Sir Philip Cohen and Robert E. M. Hedges 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Succeeded by
Preceded by Succeeded by
Preceded by Wilhelm Exner Medal
2009
With: Christian Wandrey [de; pt] 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Succeeded by
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