2 euro commemorative coins

€2 commemorative coins are special euro coins that have been minted and issued by member states of the eurozone since 2004 as legal tender in all eurozone member states.

€2 coins are the only denomination intended for circulation that may be issued as commemorative coins. Only the national obverse sides of the commemorative coins differ; the common reverse sides do not. The coins typically commemorate the anniversaries of historical events or current events of special importance.

Since 2012, the number of commemorative coins has been limited to two per country per year; previously only one was allowed. Issues of common commemoratives or a vacant head of state do not count towards the limit. The total number of commemorative coins placed in circulation per year is also limited. The commemorative coins must follow the design standards stipulated for regular €2 coins, with design limitations to guarantee uniformity.

Up to the end of 2023, 513 variations of €2 commemorative coins have been issued. Finland, Italy, Luxembourg, San Marino and the Vatican City are the only countries to have released at least one commemorative coin every year since 2004.

Though they have become collectibles, €2 commemoratives are different from non-standard denomination commemorative euro coins, which are officially designated as "collector coins", not intended for circulation and usually made of precious metals.^[1]

Regulations and restrictions

Commemorative coins shall bear a different national design from that of the regular coins and shall only commemorate subjects of major national or European relevance. Commemorative coins issued collectively by all Member States whose currency is the euro shall only commemorate subjects of the highest European relevance and their design shall be without prejudice to the possible constitutional requirements of these Member States. The 2-euro coin constitutes the most suitable denomination for this purpose, principally on account of the large diameter of the coin and its technical characteristics, which offer adequate protection against counterfeiting.

The basis for the euro coins is derived from a European recommendation from 2003, which allowed changing the national obverse sides of euro coins from 1 January 2004 onwards.^[2]

Regarding them, a series of restrictions apply:^[3]^[4]^[1]

Commemorative coins have a different national face than usual and keep the common face.
They are intended to commemorate some relevant event or personality at a national or European level.
Each State can only issue one commemorative coin per year and always in the format of 2 euros. Since 2013, two commemorative coins per year are allowed.
The joint commemorative issues carried out by all the States of the eurozone (that is to say, excluding the euro-issuing States that do not belong to the EU), are additional to the emissions carried out by each State individually.
In the event that the State Headquarters is vacant or provisionally occupied, that State may issue an additional commemorative coin.
The legend engraved on the edge of the commemorative euro coins intended for circulation must be the same as that on the normal euro coins intended for circulation.
They have limited the maximum volume of emission.

The total number of such coins put into circulation per year should not surpass the higher of the following two numbers:^[5]

0.1% of the total number of €2 coins put into circulation by all members of the eurozone. This limit can exceptionally be increased to up to 2.0 per cent if the coin commemorates a very important and noteworthy event; in this case, the member state issuing this higher number of coins should refrain from putting any commemorative coins into circulation for the following four years.
5.0% of the total number of €2 coins put into circulation by the member state issuing the €2 commemorative coin.

Since 2005, the recommendations for the design of the national sides of all the coins have been modified, which has also affected the designs of the €2 commemorative coins of the following years. See euro coins for more information.^[where?]

The different States must inform each other of the new draft designs (both of the "regular" coins and the 2 euro commemorative coins) as well as the European Council and the European Commission, which must give your approval. One consequence of the above was the case of the 2 euro commemorative coin that Belgium planned to issue in 2015 on the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo, which caused complaints from France and Belgium's resignation from issuing such a coin. However, Belgium issued a collector's coin of 2.50 euros, taking advantage of the fact that these coins are not submitted to the prior information of their draft designs.

A Dutch law, which requires the portrait of the current head of state of the Netherlands and the words NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden to appear on all coins issued by the Netherlands (for example, currently Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden) was amended in 2007, so that the Netherlands could take part in the issuing program of the "50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome" common €2 commemorative coin, issued by all eurozone memder states; the amendment completely removed the requirement for €2 commemorative coins.

Issues

20 members of the eurozone and four microstates (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City) have independently issued €2 commemorative coins, with Greece being the first country to do so.

The four microstates which also use the euro due to an official agreement with the European Union, do not issue the common €2 commemorative coins, issued by all the other eurozone members to commemorate events of Europe-wide importance, as they are not member states of the European Union.

There have also been five common €2 commemorative coins issued by all eurozone member states:

European Union: 50 years since the Treaty of Rome in 2007.
European Union: 10 years of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union in 2009.
European Union: 10 years of Euro Coins and Banknotes in 2012.
European Union: 30 years of the Flag of Europe in 2015.
European Union: 35 years of the Erasmus Programme in 2022.

Three joint issues:

Germany France: 50th anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty (2013) – two coins, 30 years since the fall of the Berlin Wall (2019) – two coins.
Estonia Latvia Lithuania: The 100th anniversary of the foundation of the independent Baltic states (2018) – three coins.

Eleven coins series with a specific theme:

Estonia: Estonian National Symbols (2021–future) – coins representing national symbols of Estonia.
France: 2024 Summer Olympics (2021–2024) – one coin per year representing sports at the 2024 Summer Olympics.
Germany: Bundesländer I (2006–2022), Bundesländer II (2023–2038) – one coin per year for each of the 16 States of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Latvia: Latvian Historical Regions (2016–2018) – four coins representing the Historical Latvian Lands.
Lithuania: Lithuanian Ethnographical Regions (2019–future) – one coin per year for each of the five ethnographic regions of Lithuania.
Luxembourg: Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Dynasty (2004–future) – coins representing the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg.
Malta:
- Maltese constitutional history (2011–2015) – one coin per year representing events of the constitutional history of Malta.
- Maltese Prehistoric Sites (2016–2022) – one coin per year commemorating the Megalithic Temples of Malta and the Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum.
- From Children in Solidarity (2016–2020) – one coin per year about the solidarity, with children's designs.
Spain: Spanish UNESCO World Heritage Sites (2010–future) – one coin per year commemorating Spain's UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Country

Issues

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

reg.

ToR

reg.

EMU

reg.

10Y€

reg.

30YF

reg.

ErPr

Andorra

19

Y

Y/Y

S/S

Austria

8

Y

Belgium

33

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Croatia

3

Y

Y/Y

Cyprus

7

Y

S

Estonia

17

Y

Y/Y

Y

Finland

37

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

France

33

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Germany

31

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Greece

29

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Ireland

8

Y

Italy

36

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Latvia

16

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

S

Lithuania

17

Y

Y/Y

Y

Luxembourg

37

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Malta

29

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Monaco

14

Y

Netherlands

9

Y

Y/Y

Y

Portugal

33

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

San Marino

32

Y

Y/Y

Slovakia

19

Y

Y/Y

Y

Slovenia

19

Y

S

Spain

26

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Vatican City

30

Y

Y/Y

Y

Y/Y

Υ/Y

Y/S

Total

541

6

8

7

13

10

9

16

12

16

13

17

23

27

28

19

32

36

32

34

31

30

19

36

28(6)

Y – yes	was either not yet part of the eurozone or authorized to mint euro coins (Andorra since 1 April 2012)
no	S – scheduled

Issued designs are made public in the Official Journal of the European Union.^[6]

2004 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[2]	Greece	Summer Olympics in Athens 2004	50 million coins^[7]	14 March 2004^[8]
[2]	Description: The Discobolus (a classical Greek sculpture by Myron) is depicted in the centre of the coin. To the left of it is the logo of the Olympic games (ATHENS 2004) and the five Olympic Rings, while to the right the denomination of the coin is given in Greek (2 ΕΥΡΩ). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design. The year mark is split around the star in the bottom centre (2004*), and the mint mark is to the upper left of the statue's head.^[9]

[3]	Finland	Fifth Enlargement of the European Union in 2004	1 million coins	FDI:^[10] 1 June 2004 FDC:^[11] 1 July 2004^[12]
[3]	Description: The coin's design resembles a stylised pillar from which ten sprouts grow upwards. This is a metaphorical theme: The ten sprouts represent the growth of the European Union (i.e., the 2004 enlargement which added ten new member states), while the pillar represents the foundation for the growth. Near the bottom of the coin, below the pillar, the word EU is written, and together with the right side of the pillar, representing the Greek small letter "ρ" (rho), it reads "euro". The twelve stars of the European Union adorn the outer ring together with the year mark, which is at the top of the ring.^[13]

[4]	Luxembourg	Effigy and Monogram of Grand Duke Henri	2,481,800 coins	23 June 2004^[14]
[4]	Description: On the left side of the centre part of the coin, the effigy of Grand Duke Henri is depicted, looking to the right. The right side displays his monogram (the letter ‘H’ topped with a crown). The twelve stars of the European Union are also on the right side of the inner part, surrounding the monogram in a semicircular form. The year mark, the mint mark and the engraver's initials are written in circular shape at the top of the outer ring, together with the word LËTZEBUERG ("Luxembourg" in Luxembourgish), while the words HENRI – Grand-Duc de Luxembourg appear at the bottom of the ring.^[15]

[5]	Italy	Fifth Decade of the World Food Programme	16 million coins	15 December 2004^[16]
[5]	Description: In the centre of the coin is a globe, tilted to the right. Three ears emerge from behind the globe, reaching out to cross the outer ring; these are maize, rice and wheat, representing the world's basic sources of nourishment. The letters R and I, superimposed over one another, are to the right of the globe (representing Repubblica Italiana), and below them are the engraver's (Uliana Pernazza) initials (a combination of the letters U and P). The mint mark (R) is to the upper left of the globe, the year mark is below it, and the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring, grouped into three batches of four stars each, separated by the three ears.^[17]

[6]	San Marino	Bartolomeo Borghesi	110,000 coins	15 December 2004^[18]
[6]	Description: The central piece of this coin is a bust of the famous historian and numismatist Bartolomeo Borghesi. It is surrounded by numerous inscriptions in the centre of the coin: SAN MARINO to the right of the bust, BARTOLOMEO BORGHESI, the mint mark (R) and the engraver's initials (E.L.F.) to the left of it. On the outer ring, the coin displays the twelve stars of the European Union and the year mark (bottom centre).^[19]

[7]	Vatican City	75th anniversary of the Foundation of the Vatican City State	100,000 coins	15 December 2004^[20]
[7]	Description: The central part of the coin depicts a schematic representation of the perimeter walls of the Vatican City with St. Peter's Basilica in the foreground, together with the inscriptions 75^o ANNO DELLO STATO (to the left), 1929–2004 and the mint mark (R) (both to the right). In addition to these, the name of the designer (VEROI) and the initials of the engraver (L.D.S. INC.) are written in the lower right in smaller print. The outer ring is adorned by the twelve stars of the European Union and the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO.^[21]

2005 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[8]	Luxembourg	50th birthday of Grand Duke Henri, 5th anniversary of his accession to the throne and 100th anniversary of the death of Grand Duke Adolphe	2,769,000 coins	15 January 2005^[22]
[8]	Description: In the centre of the coin, the effigies of the Grand Dukes Henri and Adolphe are displayed, both looking to the right, with Henri's superimposed on Adolphe's. The inscription GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG appears above the effigies, while the inscriptions HENRI 1955* and ADOLPHE †1905 are written below the respective effigies. The outer ring of the coin contains the twelve stars of the European Union, placed between the letters of the word LËTZEBUERG and the year mark, which is centred below the effigies positioned between S (for Suomi) on the left and the mint mark on the right.^[23]

[9]	Belgium	Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union	6 million coins	FDI:^[10] 1 March 2005 FDC:^[11] 1 April 2005^[24]
[9]	Description: In the centre of the coin, the effigies of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg and King Albert II of the Belgians are depicted, looking left. The engraver's initials (LL) are in the lower right, while the year mark is below the effigies. On the outer circle, the twelve stars of the European Union are displayed, along with the mint mark on the bottom, the monogram of Grand-Duke Henri to the left and the monogram of King Albert II to the right.^[25]

[10]	Spain	4th Centenary of the first edition of Miguel de Cervantes' El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha	8 million coins	1 April 2005^[26]
[10]	Description: The centre of the coin displays Don Quixote holding a lance, with the windmills from one of his most well-known escapades in the background. The inscription ESPAÑA is impressed into the surface of the coin to the left of the image, with the mint mark (an M topped by a crown) below. The twelve stars of the European Union are placed on the outer ring, with the four on the right side impressed into the surface of the coin, as well, and the year mark placed between three of the stars (2005*) at the bottom.^[27]

[11]	Austria	50th anniversary of the Austrian State Treaty	7 million coins	11 May 2005^[28]
[11]	Description: In the centre of the coin is a depiction of the seals and signatures of the Austrian State Treaty, signed by the foreign ministers of the Allied occupying forces (Vyacheslav Molotov for the Soviet Union, John Foster Dulles for the United States, Harold Macmillan for the United Kingdom and Antoine Pinay for France), the High Commissioners of the four sectors, as well as the Foreign Minister of Austria (Leopold Figl) on 15 May 1955. The inscription 50 JAHRE STAATSVERTRAG is above the seals, while the year mark is below it; in the background, vertical stripes serve as a heraldic depiction of Austria's national flag (red-white-red). The outer ring contains the twelve stars of the European Union.^[29]

[12]	San Marino	World Year of Physics 2005	130,000 coins	14 October 2005^[30]
[12]	Description: The centre of the coin contains a free interpretation of the allegorical painting of Galileo Galilei known as La fisica antica or The Study of the Planets. The year mark is inscribed below a globe standing on a desk. The mint mark (R) is to the left of the image, while the engraver's initials (LDS) appear on the right. The inscription SAN MARINO is aligned in a semicircle above the image, while the inscription ANNO MONDIALE DELLA FISICA forms another semicircle below it. The outer ring bears the twelve stars of the European Union which are separated by the outer edges of a stylised atom depicted in the background of the entire coin.^[31]

[13]	Finland	60th anniversary of the establishment of the United Nations and 50th anniversary of Finland's UN membership	2 million coins	25 October 2005^[32]
[13]	Description: The centre of the coin contains part of a jigsaw puzzle showing a dove of peace. On the bottom of the centre part, the inscription FINLAND – UN and the year mark is displayed; the artist's initial (K) appears above the last digit of the year mark, while the mint mark (M) is between the inscription and the dove. The twelve stars of the European Union adorn the outer ring.^[33]

[14]	Italy	1st anniversary of the signing of the European Constitution	18 million coins	29 October 2005^[34]
[14]	Description: The centre of the coin features Europa and the bull (Zeus), together with the European Constitution; Europa is holding a pen over it, symbolising its signing. The mint mark (R) is to the upper left of the image, the engraver's (Maria Carmela Colaneri) initials (MCC) to the lower left, and the year mark is to the upper right. The monogram of the Italian Republic (RI) is at the bottom of the centre part, slightly to the left. The outer ring features the inscription COSTITUZIONE EUROPEA, forming almost a full semicircle, while the remainder of the outer ring is taken up by the twelve stars of the European Union.^[35]

[15]	Vatican City	20th World Youth Day, held in Cologne in August 2005	100,000 coins	6 December 2005^[36]
[15]	Description: The centre of the coin contains the Cologne Cathedral and a comet passing by above it. The inscription XX GIORNATA MONDIALE DELLA GIOVENTÙ is written in the upper part of the centre, separated by the tail of the comet and two of the cathedral's spires, one of which extends into the outer ring. The outer ring contains the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO in the lower half and the twelve stars of the European Union in the upper half, with the year mark and the mint mark (R) separating them in the top centre.^[37]

2006 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[16]	Italy	Winter Olympics in Turin 2006	40 million coins	FDI:^[10] 10 January 2006 FDC:^[11] 10 February 2006^[38]
[16]	Description: The coin depicts a racing skier and the visitor attraction of Turin, the Mole Antonelliana (which incidentally is also depicted on the Italian 2-cent coin), together with a large number of inscriptions: above the skier's head, GIOCHI INVERNALI ("Winter Games"); below the tower, the name of the host city TORINO; beside the skier's right thigh, the engraver's initials (MCC); also to the right of the skier, the year mark (written vertically); and finally, to the right of the tower, the monogram of the Italian Republic (RI) and the mint mark (R). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[39]

[17]	Luxembourg	25th birthday of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume	1,047,500 coins	11 January 2006^[40]
[17]	Description: The coin depicts the effigy of Grand Duke Henri on the right side of the inner part, superimposed on the effigy of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume on the left side; both are looking to the right. The year mark appears below the effigies, flanked by the letter S and the mint mark. The inscription LËTZEBUERG appears above the effigies along the upper edge of the inner part of the coin. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[41]

[18]	Germany	Holstentor in Lübeck (Schleswig-Holstein) First of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	3 February 2006^[42]
[18]	Description: The coin shows the Holstentor in Lübeck in the centre part, with the inscription SCHLESWIG–HOLSTEIN below the gate at the bottom of the centre part. The mint mark is to the left, while the designer's initials (HH) are to the right. The inscription BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND is written in a semicircle in the lower part of the outer ring, and the year mark at the top; the twelve stars of the European Union are positioned between the year mark and the inscription at the bottom, in two groups of six stars each.^[43]

[19]	Belgium	Renovation of the Atomium in Brussels	5 million coins	10 April 2006^[44]
[19]	Description: The coin shows the Atomium in the centre part, with the mint marks to the lower right and left of it. The designer's initials (LL) are to the left. The letter B for Belgium is written at the top of the outer ring, and the year mark at the bottom; the twelve stars of the European Union are positioned between the year mark and the inscription at the top, in two groups of six stars each.^[45]^[46]

[20]	Finland	1st Centenary of the Introduction of Universal and Equal Suffrage	2.5 million coins	4 October 2006^[47]
[20]	Description: The coin shows two stylised faces in the centre part, one male and the other female; they are separated by a thin curved line. Two capital "M"s appear to the left of each face, one of them the mint mark and the other one the artist's initial. On the left side, the date of the introduction of universal and equal suffrage in Finland (1 October 1906) is inscribed, while the right side of the coin contains the year mark and the country abbreviation (20 FI 06). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[48]

[21]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Christopher Columbus	120,000 coins	17 October 2006^[49]
[21]	Description: A portrait of Christopher Columbus (looking to the right) before a background of the three caravels (the Niña, the Pinta and the Santa María), which he used in his first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, forms the central part of the coin's design. At the top of the inner part is the inscription SAN MARINO together with a compass rose, in the centre is the mint mark R, and at the bottom is a cartouche containing the inscription 1506–2006 and the initials of the designer (LDS). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[50]

[22]	Vatican City	500th anniversary of the Swiss Guard	100,000 coins	9 November 2006^[51]
[22]	Description: The centre part of the coin features a member of the Swiss Guard taking his oath on the flag of the Swiss Guard, facing the right side. In the top part of the inner circle, the inscription GUARDIA SVIZZERA PONTIFICIA surrounds the guard, while the bottom part carries the inscription CITTÁ DEL VATICANO. The guard is surrounded by four other inscriptions, with the year 1506 and the signature of the designer O. ROSSI to his left and the year mark 2006 and the mint mark R to his right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[52]

2007 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[23]	Germany	Schwerin Castle (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Second of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	2 February 2007^[53]
[23]	Description: The centre part of the coin shows a representation of Schwerin Castle. The inscription MECKLENBURG–VORPOMMERN and the engraver's initials HH appear underneath while the mint mark appears above. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin, with the year mark inscribed at the top of the outer ring.^[54]

[24]	Luxembourg	Grand Ducal Palace	1,031,000 coins	2 February 2007^[55]
[24]	Description: The inner part of the coin design is divided into two-halves: The right side shows Grand Duke Henri (looking to the left), while the Grand Ducal Palace is shown on the left side. Between the Grand Ducal Palace and the outer ring of the coin, the year mark is inscribed vertically, with the engraver's initials above and the mint mark below. The inscription LËTZEBUERG appears superimposed on the two elements of the main design of the coin. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[56]

[25]	Vatican City	80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI	100,000 coins	FDI:^[10] 16 April 2007 FDC:^[11] 1 October 2007^[57]
[25]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a bust of Pope Benedict XVI in profile facing to the left. The legend BENEDICTI XVI P.M. AETATIS ANNO LXXX CITTÀ DEL VATICANO is engraved surrounding the portrait. On the right hand side, the mintmark R, the year mark and the initials of the engraver M.C.C. INC. are written, while the left hand side shows the name of the author LONGO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[58]

[26]	Portugal	Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union	2 million coins	FDI:^[10] 1 June 2007 FDC:^[11] 1 July 2007^[59]
[26]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a cork oak (Quercus suber) taking up most of the coin's design; under the branches, on the left hand side, is the coat of arms of Portugal and on the right hand side the word POR TU GAL written over three lines. The inscription 2007 PRESIDÊNCIA DO CONSELHO DA UE is written in a semicircle along the bottom of the inner part, with the artist's signature on the right and the mint mark near the coat of arms. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[60]

[27]	Monaco	25th anniversary of the death of Grace Kelly	20,001 coins	1 July 2007^[61]
[27]	Description: On the inner part of the coin there is an effigy of Grace Kelly in profile, facing to the left. MONACO, the mint mark, the year mark and the engraver's mark are engraved in an arc at the bottom right of the inner part. The name of the artist R. B. BARON is engraved under the Princess' hair. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[62]

[28]	San Marino	200th birthday of Giuseppe Garibaldi	130,000 coins	9 October 2007^[63]
[28]	Description: The inner circle of the coin features a portrait of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The inscription SAN MARINO and the year mark are engraved along the circle on the left and right sides respectively. The mint mark R and the initials of the author Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini, E.L.F., appear on the right side of the inner circle. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[64]

[29]	Finland	90th anniversary of Finland's independence	2 million coins	1 December 2007^[65]
[29]	Description: The centre part of the coin shows nine people rowing a boat with long oars. The year mark 2007 and the year 1917 (when Finland became independent) appear on the top and the bottom of the design respectively. The mint mark appears on the left side, and the inscription FI on the right side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[66]

2007 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[30]	European Union	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome.	87,652,666 coins	25 March – 2 April 2007
[30]	Description: The centre part of the coin shows the treaty signed by the original six member states of the European Coal and Steel Community, on a background symbolising Michelangelo's paving on the Piazza del Campidoglio in Rome where the treaty was signed. The translation of EUROPE is inscribed above the book, but within the central design, whereas the translation of TREATY OF ROME 50 YEARS appears above the design. The year mark and the name of the issuing country are inscribed below the design, and the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin. (The location of the mint mark (and the engraver's initials, if they are shown) differs between the thirteen different versions).
	Austria	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	9,000,000 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: VERTRAG VON ROM 50 JAHRE, 2007, REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH
	Finland	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	1,400,000 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V, EUROOPPA, 2007, SUOMI FINLAND
	Germany	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	30,865,630 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: RÖMISCHE VERTRÄGE 50 JAHRE, EUROPA, 2007, BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND
	Italy	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	5,000,000 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: TRATTATI DI ROMA 50° ANNIVERSARIO, EUROPA, 2007, REPUBBLICA ITALIANA
	Slovenia	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	400,000 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: RIMSKA POGODBA 50 LET, EVROPA, 2007, SLOVENIJA
	Spain	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	8,000,000 coins	25 March 2007
	Inscription: TRATADO DE ROMA 50 AÑOS, EUROPA, 2007, ESPAÑA
	Belgium	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	5,040,000 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM, $\scriptstyle {\it {EUROP}}_{E}^{A}$ , 2007, BELGIQUE–BELGIE–BELGIEN Due to Belgium's special multilingual society, the Belgian coin features the inscription PACTVM ROMANVM QVINQVAGENARIVM in Latin.
	Greece	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	3,978,549 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: ΣΥΝΘΗΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΡΩΜΗΣ 50 XPONIA, EYPΩΠΗ, 2007, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
	Ireland	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	4,640,112 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: CONRADH NA RÓIMHE 50 BLIAIN, AN EORAIP, 2007, ÉIRE
	Luxembourg	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	2,046,000 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: TRAITÉ DE ROME 50 ANS, EUROPE, 2007, LËTZEBUERG Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since a latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait was added (as required by national law) using a technique called multi-view minting.^[67]
	Netherlands	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	6,355,500 coins	26 March 2022
	Inscription: VERDRAG VAN ROME 50 JAAR, EUROPA, 2007, KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN
	Portugal	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	1,520,000 coins	26 March 2007
	Inscription: TRATADO DE ROMA 50 ANOS, EUROPA, 2007, PORTUGAL
	France	50th anniversary of the Signature of the Treaty of Rome	9,406,857 coins	2 April 2007
	Inscription: TRAITÉ DE ROME 50 ANS, EUROPE, 2007, RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE

2008 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[31]	Germany	St. Michaelis Church (Hamburg) Third of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	1 February 2008^[68]
[31]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows St. Michaelis Church in Hamburg. The name of the federal State HAMBURG is inscribed beneath the image of the church. To the right of the church are the engraver's stylised initials OE and above it towards the centre the mint mark. The outer ring has the year mark inscribed at the top, six stars on each side and below them the words BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND.^[69]

[32]	Luxembourg	Berg Castle	1,042,000 coins	2 February 2008^[70]
[32]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows, in the foreground on the left side the effigy of Grand Duke Henri looking to the right and in the background on the right side the picture of Berg Castle. The year mark is flanked by the mint mark and the mint master mark of the engraving workshop at the top of the coin. The name of the issuing country LËTZEBUERG appears at the bottom of the design. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[71]

[33]	Italy	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	5 million coins	April 2008^[72]
[33]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a man and a woman with an olive branch, an ear of corn, a cogwheel and some barbed wire, symbols respectively representing the right to peace, food, work and freedom, along with the links of a broken chain which form the figure 60°. In the centre of the coin are the initials of the issuing country RI; to the left the year mark; to the right the initials MCC of the artist, Maria Carmela Colaneri, and the mint mark; at the bottom, a cartouche with the inscription DIRITTI UMANI. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[73]

[34]	San Marino	European Year of Intercultural Dialogue	130,000 coins	April 2008^[74]
[34]	Description: The inner part of the coin represents the different cultures of the five regions within the European continent, symbolized by five human silhouettes and the sacred texts of the different communities. Arched inscriptions complete the design: at the top, SAN MARINO, and below that the year mark; at the bottom, ANNO EUROPEO DEL DIALOGO INTERCULTURALE and the initials E.L.F. of the artist, Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini; and to the left, the mint mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[75]

[35]	Belgium	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	5 million coins	April/May 2008^[76]
[35]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows curved lines around a rectangle marked with the figure 60. The year mark is inscribed above the rectangle and the words UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS appear below it. The name of the country in its three official languages (BELGIE – BELGIQUE – BELGIEN) is inscribed in a semicircle below the design. The mint marks appear to the left and right of the design respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[77]

[36]	Slovenia	500th birthday of Primož Trubar	1 million coins	May 2008^[78]
[36]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts an effigy of Primož Trubar in right profile. On the left the inscriptions PRIMOŽ TRUBAR and 1508–1586 appear in two semicircles, and towards the bottom right SLOVENIJA 2008 is inscribed (also in a semicircle). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[79]

[37]	France	French Presidency of the Council of the European Union	20 million coins	July 2008^[80]
[37]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the inscription 2008 PRÉSIDENCE FRANÇAISE UNION EUROPÉENNE RF; the mint mark and the mintmaster's mark are located below, to the left and the right respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[81]

[38]	Portugal	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	1,025,000 coins	15 September 2008^[82]
[38]	Description: The inner part of the coin features the Portuguese coat of arms at the top, above the name of the issuing country PORTUGAL, the year mark and a geometric design in the bottom half of the centre. The legend 60 ANOS DA DECLARAÇÃO UNIVERSAL DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS adorns edge of the bottom two-thirds of the inner ring and is followed by the inscription Esc. J. Duarte INCM in very small characters. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[83]

[39]	Vatican City	2008 – Year of Saint Paul the Apostle	100,000 coins	5 September 2008^[84]
[39]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the conversion of Saint Paul on the road to Damascus (with the city visible in the background); the saint, dazzled by a light from the sky, falls from his rearing horse. Two inscriptions are engraved around the portrait: on the left side, an inscription denoting the issuing country CITTÀ DEL VATICANO; on the right side, the legend ANNO SANCTO PAULO DICATO. The year mark is inscribed to the right of the portrait, as well as the mintmark R and the artist's name VEROI. Beneath the portrait are the initials of the engraver Luciana De Simoni, L.D.S. INC.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[85]

[40]	Finland	60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	1.5 million coins	October 2008^[86]
[40]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a human figure seen through a heart-shaped hole in a stone wall. The text HUMAN RIGHTS is inscribed under the heart, and the year mark is engraved above it. The indication of the issuing country FI, the letter K (initial of the artist Tapio Kettunen) and the mint mark appear at the bottom of the design. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[87]

2009 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[41]	Luxembourg	90th anniversary of Grand Duchess Charlotte's Accession to the Throne	838,000 coins	1 January 2009^[88]
[41]	Description: The coin shows the effigy of Grand Duke Henri on the left hand side of its inner part, superimposed on the effigy of the Grand Duchess Charlotte, both looking to the left. The vertically aligned text LËTZEBUERG and the year mark, flanked by the mint master's mark and the mint mark, appear on the right hand side of the inner part of the coin. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[89]

[42]	Germany	Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken (Saarland) Fourth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	2 February 2009^[90]
[42]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the Ludwigskirche in Saarbrücken. The name of the state SAARLAND and the mint mark appear under the monument; the engraver's initials FB (Friedrich Brenner) are displayed on the right of the monument. The lower part of the outer ring of the coin features the inscription BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, and the upper part bears the year mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[91]

[43]	San Marino	European Year of Creativity and Innovation	130,000 coins	May 2009^[92]
[43]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts objects representing scientific research: a book, a compass, a test tube and a flask. On the left are the three emblematic feathers of the Republic of San Marino. On the right the mint mark and year mark are shown. On the top is the legend CREATIVITÀ INNOVAZIONE. At the bottom are the inscription SAN MARINO and the initials of the artist A.M.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[93]

[44]	Portugal	2009 Lusophony Games	1.25 million coins	9 June 2009^[94]
[44]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a gymnast swirling a long ribbon. At the top, the Portuguese coat of arms appears within a semicircle formed by the inscription PORTUGAL. In a semicircle at the bottom the legend 2.^os JOGOS DA LUSOFONIA LISBOA is inscribed between the initials INCM on the left and the artist's name J. AURÉLIO on the right. The year mark appears above the gymnast's head, to the left. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin (on a background of concentric circular lines).^[95]

[45]	Belgium	200th birthday of Louis Braille	5 million coins	25 September 2009^[96]
[45]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a portrait of Louis Braille between his initials (L and B) in the Braille alphabet that he designed. Above the portrait is the inscription LOUIS BRAILLE, and underneath is the inscription BE between the dates 1809 and 2009. To the left and right respectively are the mint mark and the mint master mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[97]

[46]	Italy	200th birthday of Louis Braille	2 million coins	15 October 2009^[98]
[46]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a hand reading an open book by touch. Above the index finger, which is pointing at the vertical inscription LOUIS BRAILLE 1809–2009, are two birds symbolising freedom of knowledge. The issuing country reference RI is at the top right, while the mint mark R is at the bottom right. Braille's name is written under the book in the Braille alphabet that he invented. At the very bottom are the initials MCC of the artist Maria Carmela Colanéri. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[99]

[47]	Slovakia	20th anniversary of the Start of the Velvet Revolution	1 million coins	November 2009^[100]
[47]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a stylised bell made up of a series of keys. This recalls the demonstration on 17 November 1989, when marching citizens shook their keyrings to make a jangling sound. This marked the beginning of the Velvet Revolution. To the bottom right of the design are the artist's mark and the mint mark of the Slovak Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica). The design is surrounded above by the legend 17. NOVEMBER SLOBODA – DEMOKRACIA and the dates 1989–2009 and below by the name of the issuing country SLOVENSKO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[101]

[48]	Vatican City	International Year of Astronomy	106,084	October 2009^[102]
[48]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts an allegory of the birth of the stars and planets together with several astronomical instruments. The mint mark R is situated in the bottom left quadrant and the year mark 2009 is at the bottom. The design is surrounded on the bottom left-hand side by the legend ANNO INTERNAZIONALE DELL'ASTRONOMIA and on the top right-hand side by the name of the issuing country CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[103]

[49]	Finland	200th anniversary of Finnish Autonomy	1.6 million coins	October 2009
[49]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the profile of the Porvoo Cathedral, which was the site of opening of the first Diet of Finland. The date 1809 appears on the top, and the year mark is on the right side. The indication of the issuing country FI and the mint mark are on the left side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[104]

2009 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[50]	European Union	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro^[105]	78,675,215 coins	1 January – 26 March 2009
[50]	Description:^[106] The centre of the coin shows a stylised human figure whose left arm is prolonged by the euro symbol. The initials ΓΣ of the sculptor George Stamatopoulos appear below the euro symbol. The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) appear(s) at the top, while the indication 1999-2009 and the acronym EMU translated into the national language(s) appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin. The final design of the coin was chosen by electronic voting from 31 January 2008 to 22 February 2008, with the result announced on 25 February 2008. The designs were pre-selected by the national mint directors of the eurozone.^[107] The winner was George Stamatopoulos, a sculptor from the Bank of Greece Mint.^[108]
	Ireland	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5 million coins	1 January 2009
	Inscription: ÉIRE, AEA (Aontas Eacnamaíochta Airgeadaíochta) 1999-2009 EMU
	Austria	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5 million coins	2 January 2009
	Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH, WWU (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion) 1999-2009
	Germany	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	30,565,630 coins	2 January 2009
	Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, WWU (Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion) 1999-2009
	Greece	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	4 million coins	2 January 2009
	Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, ONE (Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση) 1999-2009
	Cyprus	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1 million coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: KYΠPOΣ KIBRIS, ONE (Οικονομική και Νομισματική Ένωση) 1999-2009
	Malta	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	700,000 coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: MALTA, UEM (Unjoni Ekonomika u Monetarja) 1999-2009
	Portugal	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1,285,000 coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: PORTUGAL, UEM (União Económica e Monetária) 1999-2009
	Slovenia	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1 million coins	5 January 2009
	Inscription: SLOVENIJA, EMU (Ekonomska in monetarna unija) 1999-2009
	Netherlands	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5,313,500 coins	7 January 2009
	Inscription: NEDERLAND, EMU (economische en monetaire unie) 1999-2009
	Slovakia	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	2,500,000 coins	7 January 2009
	Inscription: SLOVENSKO, HMÚ (Hospodárska a menová únia) 1999-2009
	Finland	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	1,400,000 coins	15 January 2009
	Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND, 2009, EMU 1999-2009 Coin edge inscription: TALOUS – JA RAHALIITTO EMU^[109]
	Luxembourg	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	825,000 coins	15 January 2009
	Inscription: LËTZEBUERG, UEM (l'Union économique et monétaire) 1999-2009 Due to special laws requiring that every coin bear the incumbent Grand Duke's portrait, the Luxembourgish edition of the common €2 commemorative coin differs slightly from the others in addition to the translated inscriptions, since two latent image of the Grand Duke's portrait were added (as required by national law). The method used (multi-view-minting) was even more sophisticated than the one used in 2007, as portraits of the Grand Duke from the left and the right could be seen, depending on which way one tilted the coin.^[110]
	France	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	10,074,085 coins	23 January 2009
	Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, UEM (l'Union économique et monétaire) 1999-2009
	Belgium	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	5,012,000 coins	27 January 2009
	Inscription: BELGIE–BELGIQUE–BELGIEN, EMU 1999-2009
	Spain	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	8 million coins	2 February 2009
	Inscription: ESPAÑA, UEM (Unión Económica y Monetaria) 1999-2009
	Italy	Ten years of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the birth of the euro	2 million coins	26 March 2009
	Inscription: REPUBBLICA ITALIANA, UEM (l'unione economica e monetaria) 1999-2009

2010 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[51]	Luxembourg	Arms of the Grand Duke	529,500 coins	14 January 2010
[51]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts, on the left, a portrait of Grand Duke Henri facing towards the right, and on the right, the Coat of Arms of the Grand Duke, above which the year mark is shown between mint marks, overlapping slightly into the outer ring. Below, the name of the issuing country LËTZEBUERG overlaps slightly into the outer ring. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[111]

[52]	Germany	City Hall and Roland (Bremen) Fifth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	29 January 2010
[52]	Description: The inner part of the coin features the Bremen City Hall, with the Roland (a statue) in the foreground. The word BREMEN is inscribed below the town hall on the right. The mint mark appears at the top left. The initials of the artist Bodo Broschat are at the very bottom, just below the statue. The initial of the issuing country D and the year mark are inserted at the top and bottom of the outer ring of the coin respectively, where the twelve stars of the European Union surround the design.^[112]

[53]	Spain	Historic Centre of Córdoba First of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	February 2010
[53]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the interior of the Mosque-Cathedral of Córdoba. On the left is the mint mark, and below is the name of the issuing country followed by the year mark ESPAÑA 2010. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[113]

[54]	Slovenia	200th anniversary of the Botanical Garden of Ljubljana	1 million coins	10 May 2010
[54]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the Rebrinčevolistna Hladnikija plant. On the left under the plant, its scientific name HLADNIKIA PASTINACIFOLIA is written in an arc. Around the image in a circle is the legend SLOVENIJA 2010. 200 LET. BOTANIČNI VRT. LJUBLJANA. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[114]

[55]	Italy	200th birthday of Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour	4 million coins	March 2010
[55]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a detail of the portrait of the Italian statesman in the centre, the inscriptions CAVOUR and RI on the left, and the mint mark, the dates 1810 and 2010 and the initials of the artist Claudia Momoni (C.M.) on the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[115]

[56]	Belgium	Belgian Presidency of the Council of the European Union	5 million coins	June 2010
[56]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the stylised letters EU and trio.be. Above the letters is the inscription BELGIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EU 2010 and below it the trilingual inscription BELGIE BELGIQUE BELGIEN. Underneath the logo, the mint mark is displayed to the left of the year mark, and the mint master's mark to the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[116]

[57]	France	Appeal of 18 June	20 million coins	June 2010
[57]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows General Charles de Gaulle, in uniform and bareheaded, at a microphone typical of the time, reading the Appeal, in which the name of the country RF is inserted. At the top is the year mark and below it the inscriptions 70 ANS and APPEL 18 JUIN. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[117]

[58]	Portugal	Centenary of the Portuguese Republic	2.035 million coins	September 2010
[58]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows in the centre the Portuguese coat of arms and the República effigy, two of the most representative symbols of the Portuguese Republic, surrounded by the legend República Portuguesa – 1910–2010, the mint mark and the name of the designer JOSE CÂNDIDO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[118]

[59]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Sandro Botticelli	130,000 coins	7 September 2010
[59]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts "Pleasure", a detail of one of the three dancing Graces, freely inspired by the painting Primavera by Sandro Botticelli. On the top is the year mark, on the left the name of the issuing country SAN MARINO and the mint mark and on the right the initial m of the designer Roberto Mauri. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[119]

[60]	Vatican City	Year for Priests	115,000 coins	12 October 2010
[60]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a shepherd drawing a lamb from a lion's maw. Two inscriptions are engraved around the design: the name of the issuing country CITTA' DEL VATICANO on the top and the topic of commemoration ANNO SACERDOTALE below it. The year mark is displayed to the left of the design, the mint mark at the bottom and the artist's name VEROI to the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[120]

[61]	Finland	Currency Decree of 1860 granting Finland the right to issue banknotes and coins	1.6 million coins	October 2010
[61]	Description: The design consists on the left side of a stylised lion figure from the coat of arms of Finland and the year mark, and on the right side of the mint mark and a set of numbers symbolising coin values. At the bottom the issuing country is indicated by the inscription FI. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[121]

[62]	Greece	25th Centenary of the Battle of Marathon	2.5 million coins	October 2010
[62]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a synthesis of a shield and a runner/warrior symbolizing the battle for freedom and the noble ideals derived from the battle of Marathon. The bird on the shield symbolises the birth of western civilization in its present form. Surrounding the centre is the Greek inscription ΜΑΡΑΘΩΝΑΣ/2500 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ/490 Π.Χ./2010 Μ.Χ. (Marathon/2,500 years/490 BC/2010 AD) and the name of the issuing country (ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[122]

2011 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[63]	Slovakia	20th anniversary of Foundation of the Visegrád Group	1 million coins^[123]	10 January 2011
[63]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a map of the four countries that comprise the Visegrád Group (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). The map is supplemented by a stylized abbreviation V IV; the name of the issuing country SLOVENSKO is situated in the lower right part, and the year mark in the lower left part. The design is surrounded by the legend VYŠEHRADSKÁ SKUPINA • VISEGRAD GROUP and the date of the foundation of the Viségrad Group 15 February 1991. The initials of the coin's designer Miroslav Rónai and the mint mark appear under the name of the country. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[124]

[64]	Netherlands	500th anniversary of the Publication of The Praise of Folly by Desiderius Erasmus	4 million coins	24 January 2011
[64]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Erasmus writing his book and the effigy of Beatrix of the Netherlands. Between these two images, the inscription Beatrix Koningin der Nederlanden (vertically written), the year mark, the mint master mark and the mintmark appear. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[125]

[65]	Germany	Cologne Cathedral (North Rhine-Westphalia) Sixth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	28 January 2011
[65]	Description: The design shows the Cologne cathedral in its entirety, as a masterpiece of the Gothic architecture, emphasizing the beauty of the south portal. The name NORDRHEIN-WESTFALEN, just below the building, links the pictured building with the state. The mint mark is located in the right upper part of the centre, with the artist Heinz Hoyer's initials in the right part of the centre. The year mark and the letter D (for Deutschland) are placed between the stars in the outer part of the coin, at the bottom and top, respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin^[126]

[66]	Luxembourg	50th anniversary of the Appointment of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg by his mother Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as lieutenant-représentent	729,500 coins	3 February 2011
[66]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg on the right-hand side looking to the left, and superimposed on the effigies of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. The text LËTZEBUERG is written above the three effigies. The year mark 2011, surrounded by the mint mark and the mintmaster mark, appears at the top. The name of the person depicted is written below the respective effigy. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[127]

[67]	Spain	Patio de los Leones of the Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada Second of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	March 2011
[67]	Description: The design shows an image of the Patio de los Leones in the Alhambra in Granada. At the bottom of the coin is the inscription ESPAÑA and the year mark, with the mint mark at the top. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[128]

[68]	Slovenia	100th birthday of Franc Rozman – Stane	1 million coins	March 2011
[68]	Description: The design shows on the left side the image of Franc Rozman – Stane with a five-pointed star below him. The inscription SLOVENIJA separates the upper and lower parts of the right-hand side of the coin; the year mark is written vertically below the inscription, and the inscriptions FRANC, ROZMAN, STANE (vertically) and 1911, 1944 (horizontally) appear above the inscription. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[129]

[69]	Belgium	1st Centenary of the International Women's Day	5 million coins	March 2011
[69]	Description: The coin displays the effigies of Isala Van Diest, the first female Belgian doctor, and Marie Popelin, the first female Belgian lawyer. Their names (I. VAN DIEST and M. POPELIN) are written under the effigies, separated by the year mark, and above the inscriptions are the symbols of their respective professions (the Rod of Asclepius and the Scales of Justice). Above the effigies are the inscription BE, the mint master mark and the mint mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[130]

[70]	Italy	150th anniversary of Italian unification	10 million coins	March 2011
[70]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows three Italian flags in the wind, representing the three anniversaries (1911, 1961 and 2011) and illustrating a link between generations; this is the logo of the 150th anniversary of Italian unification. There are a number of inscriptions: at the top, the inscription 150º DELL'UNITÀ D'ITALIA; at the right, the initials RI; at the bottom, the dates 1861 › 2011 › ›; under the dates, at the centre, the mint mark, and at the right, the initials of the artist Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini and his profession (incisore), ELF INC.. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[131]

[71]	France	30th anniversary of Fête de la Musique	10,014,404 coins	21 June 2011
[71]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a cheerful crowd (with the stylized image of a musical instrument and notes floating in the air) symbolizing the atmosphere of celebration on the Day of Music, which has been celebrated in France every summer solstice since 1981. The words Fête de la MUSIQUE and the date 21 JUIN 2011 appear in the centre of the drawing. At the top, slanting rightwards, are the words 30^e ANNIVERSAIRE and the letters RF appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[132]

[72]	Greece	2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games	1 million coins	June 2011
[72]	Description: The centre of the coin shows the symbol of the Games, a radiant sun, the "source of life that underlines the excellence and power of the athlete that takes part in the Games". "Excellence" is depicted in the olive branch, and "power" in the spiral form in the centre of the sun. Two inscriptions surround the centre on the right half, XIII SPECIAL OLYMPICS W.S.G. ATHENS 2011 and ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, with the mint mark in between. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[133]

[73]	San Marino	500th birthday of Giorgio Vasari	130,000 coins	June 2011
[73]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a detail from the painting Judith and Holofernes by Giorgio Vasari. At the bottom are the dates 1511–2011, with the inscription G. Vasari and the mint mark on the left and the inscriptions San Marino and C.M. (the mint maker Claudia Momoni's initials) on the right. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[134]

[74]	Monaco	Wedding of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock	147,877 coins	2 July 2011
[74]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the effigies of Prince Albert and Charlene Wittstock in the centre; the inscription MONACO and the yearmark are at the bottom, with the mint mark and the mint engraver's mark flanking the inscription. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[135]

[75]	Portugal	500th birthday of Fernão Mendes Pinto	520,000 coins	15 September 2011
[75]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a sailing ship on several wave-shaped inscriptions referring to Portugal, Lisbon, his book Peregrinação and some of his travel destinations. The inscription Portugal appears underneath, and his name above. The years 1511 and 2011 appear are to the left and right of the central image, respectively. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[136]

[76]	Finland	200th anniversary of the Bank of Finland	1.5 million coins	October 2011
[76]	Description: The centre of the coin shows a whooper swan (the Finnish national bird). The swan's wing separates the years 1811 (at the bottom right) and 2011 (at the centre left). The letter V in the left armpit of the swan stands for the surname of the designer Hannu Veijalainen. At the bottom of the inner ring, the inscription FI and the mint mark are shown. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[137]

[77]	Malta	First election of representatives in 1849 First of the Maltese constitutional history series	430,000 coins	October 2011
[77]	Description: The centre of the coin depicts a hand putting a vote into a ballot box. There are two inscriptions: the year mark at the bottom of the inner part of the coin, and at the top and right the inscription MALTA – First elected representatives 1849. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[138]

[78]	Vatican City	26th World Youth Day	115,000 coins	October 2011
[78]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows three young people and two flags, as well as the mint mark and the year mark. At the top of the inner ring, interrupted by a crown and the flags, is the inscription XXVI G. M. G. (for the Italian 26ª Giornata Mondiale della Gioventù). At the bottom of the inner ring is the inscription CITTÀ DEL VATICANO. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[139]

2012 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[79]	Germany	Neuschwanstein Castle near Füssen (Bavaria) Seventh of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	3 February 2012^[140]
[79]	Description: The design by Erich Ott and shows the most famous view of Neuschwanstein Castle. The design shows the view from the east as visitors see it during their ascent to the castle, with the gatehouse in the foreground and the medieval-style towers and turrets. The panoramic mountain situated behind the castle are also depicted, as the castle sits on a cliff overlooking the Pöllatschlucht. The inscription BAYERN appears below the design. The mint mark is to the right, the initials of the artist on the left side. The year mark appears between the 3 lowest stars on the outer ring. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[141]

[80]	Luxembourg	100 years since the death of William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg^[142]	722,500 coins^[140]	9 February 2012
[80]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Grand Duke Henri (looking to the right) on the left side, superimposed on Grand Duke William IV, looking to the right. The inscription GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG and the year mark appear above the effigies, flanked by the mintmark and the initials of the mint master. In front of the effigies, the outline of the city of Luxembourg appears as a background. The names HENRI and GUILLAUME IV and the text † 1912 are written below the respective effigies. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[143]

[81]	Spain	Burgos Cathedral Third of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8 million coins	1 March 2012
[81]	Description: The inner part of the coin portrays a view of the Burgos Cathedral. The name of the issuing country ESPAÑA appears at the upper left hand side, while the year mark and the mint mark appear on the right hand side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[144]

[82]	Belgium	75th anniversary of the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition^[140]	5 million coins	6 June 2012
[82]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the emblem of the Queen Elisabeth Competition superimposed on the effigy of Queen Elisabeth, looking to the left, flanked on the left and right respectively by the mark of the mint master and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the Archangel Michael. The years 1937–2012 are inscribed above the effigy, and the words 'QUEEN ELISABETH COMPETITION' below it. The nationality 'BE' is indicated to the right of the portrait of the Queen. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[145]

[83]	San Marino	10th anniversary of euro coins and banknotes^[140]	130,000 coins	19 June 2012
[83]	Description: The euro sign is in the centre of the coin. The design elements around the euro symbol on the coin express the importance of the euro to the people, to the financial world (ECB tower), to trading (ships), to industry (factories), to the energy sector and to research and development (wind power stations). The artist's initials AH appear under the image of the ECB tower. The name of the issuing country SAN MARINO appears at the top, the mint mark at the right, while the years 2002 and 2012 appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[146] Note: Although the design is the same as the 2012 common issue, the coin is issued as national coinage since common side issues are restricted to EU member states.^[1]

[84]	Portugal	Guimarães, European Capital of Culture 2012^[140]	520,000 coins	21 June 2012
[84]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a stylised image of Afonso Henriques, the first King of Portugal, together with his sword and the Castle of Guimarães, which is regarded as the birthplace of Portugal as an independent nation in the 12th century. To the left of the image is the Portuguese shield above the word "PORTUGAL". To the lower right is the inscription "GUIMARÃES 2012" with the logo of Guimarães 2012 European Capital of Culture. Along the lower edge of the inner part are the mintmark "INCM" and the name of the designer, "JOSÉ DE GUIMARÃES". The outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European flag.^[147]

[85]	France	100th birthday of Abbé Pierre^[140]	1 million coins	24 June 2012
[85]	Description: The coin depicts a portrait of Abbé Pierre, with his béret and the logo of his foundation, including a microtext stating Et les autres? (his favorite motto to recall that one should never forget to help the others). The letters RF and the mint mark appear on the left side, while the hallmark of the engraving workshop is on the right side. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[148]

[86]	Monaco	500th anniversary of the foundation of Monaco's sovereignty	110,000 coins	1 July 2012
[86]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a portrait of LUCIEN 1er Grimaldi in profile facing to the left. The words "SOUVERAINETE DE MONACO" appear above the portrait in an arc along the upper edge of the inner part of the coin, flanked by the years "1512" and "2012". Two ornamental details are engraved at the beginning and at the end of the text. At the bottom, the horn of plenty, mintmark of the "Monnaie de Paris" and the "fleurette", hallmark of the engraving workshop, flank the portrait on the left hand side and the right hand side, respectively. Above the mintmark is engraved the inscription "LUCIEN Ier". The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[149]

[87]	Italy	100 years since the death of Giovanni Pascoli^[140]	15 million coins	18 July 2012
[87]	Description: In the centre of the coin the effigy of Giovanni Pascoli is depicted. Under his effigy there is the inscription G. PASCOLI. On the right part of the coin there is the yearmark (2012) and under of it the Italian monogramm (RI). On the left part of the coin the year when Pascoli died is minted (1912) and under of it there is the mint mark and the designer's mark. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.

[88]	Malta	Majority Representation in 1887 Second of the Maltese constitutional history series^[140]	455,000 coins	20 August 2012
[88]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts eight men in front of the Maltese Parliament, in Valletta. On the upper part of the coin the legend MALTA – Majority Representation 1887 is inscribed.On the lower part of the coins the year of the coinage(2012) is minted. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[150]

[89]	Finland^[151]	150 years Helene Schjerfbeck	2 million coins	5 October 2012
[89]	Description: The design shows a stylised self-portrait of the artist with the text Helene SCHJERFBECK on the left and the yearmarks 1862–1946 on the right. Left on the lower side of the coin are the yearmark 2012 and the country's reference FI. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[152]

[90]	Vatican City	7th World Meeting of Families^[140]	115,000 coins	16 October 2012
[90]	Description: The inner ring features a family with the Cathedral of Milan. The inscription 'VII INCONTRO MONDIALE DELLE FAMIGLIE' surrounds the design, forming a semi-circle which is complemented at the upper right side by the name of the issuing state 'CITTÁ DEL VATICANO'. The year 2012 appears on the right side and the name of the artist 'G. TITOTTO' followed by the indication of the engraver 'LDS Inc' is displayed on the left side. The mintmark 'R' appears at the bottom of the design, between the mother and the child.^[153]

[91]	Luxembourg	Royal Wedding of Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg to Countess Stéphanie de Lannoy	512,000 coins	19 December 2012^[154]
[91]	Description: The coin depicts on the left hand of its inner part the effigy of the Grand-Duke Henri, and the right hand of its inner part the effigy of the Heir Grand-Duke Guillaume superimposed on the effigy of the Countess Stéphanie. The texts "PRËNZENHOCHZAÏT" and "LËTZEBUERG" and the year-date "2012", flanked by the mintmark and the initials of the Mint master, appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[155]

2012 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[92]	European Union	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	89,795,361 coins	2 January – 30 March 2012
[92]	Description:^[156] The euro sign in the centre of the coin's design symbolizes that the euro has become an element of particular importance in Europe as well as all over the world as it evolved into a global player in the international monetary system in the last ten years. The design elements around the euro sign express the importance of the euro to the people, to the financial world (ECB tower), to trading (ships), to industry (factories), to the energy sector and research and development (wind power stations). The design was created by Helmut Andexlinger (designer at the Austrian Mint). The artist's initials AH appear below the image of the ECB tower. The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) appear(s) at the top (with the exception for Belgium, where it states "BE"), while the years 2002 and 2012 appear at the bottom. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[157]
	Austria	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	11 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH, 2002, 2012
	Estonia	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	2 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: EESTI, 2002, 2012
	Germany	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	30,725,000 coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND, 2002, 2012
	Greece	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ, 2002, 2012
	Slovakia	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: SLOVENSKO, 2002, 2012
	Spain	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	4 million coins	2 January 2012
	Inscription: ESPAÑA, 2002, 2012
	Ireland	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1,354,867 coins	3 January 2012
	Inscription: ÉIRE, 2002, 2012
	Slovenia	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	3 January 2012
	Inscription: SLOVENIJA, 2002, 2012
	France	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	10,010,994 coins	5 January 2012
	Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE, 2002, 2012
	Finland	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1,500,000 coins	12 January 2012
	Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND, 2002, 2012
	Belgium	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	5,022,000 coins	30 January 2012
	Inscription: BE, 2002, 2012
	Luxembourg	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	532,500 coins	31 January 2012
	Inscription: LËTZEBUERG, 2002, 2012 As with the previous common commemorative coins, an obligatory latent image of Grand Duke Henri was added to the Luxembourgish edition. The portrait is located in the same space as the euro sign and the surrounding globe.
	Cyprus	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	1 million coins	13 February 2012
	Inscription: ΚΥΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS, 2002, 2012
	Netherlands	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	3,500,000 coins	13 February 2012
	Inscription: NEDERLAND, 2002, 2012
	Portugal	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	520,000 coins	24 February 2012^[158]
	Inscription: PORTUGAL, 2002, 2012
	Italy	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	15 million coins	20 March 2012
	Inscription: REPUBLICA ITALIANA, 2002, 2012
	Malta	10th anniversary of Euro coins and banknotes	500,000 coins	30 March 2012
	Inscription: MALTA, 2002, 2012

2013 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[93]	Germany	50th anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty Joint issue with France	11 million coins	22 January 2013
[93]	Description:^[159] The coin, which was designed by Yves Sampo of the Monnaie de Paris, Stefanie Lindner of the Berlin State Mint, Alina Hoyer (Berlin) and Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer (Berlin), depicts stylised portraits of the Élysée Treaty's signatories (the then-Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Konrad Adenauer and the former President of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle), their signatures and the words "50 ANS JAHRE" with the year "2013" in the centre, the words "TRAITÉ DE L'ÉLYSÉE" at the top and the words "ÉLYSÉE-VERTRAG" at the bottom. The right side of the inner part also features the mint mark of the respective mint ("A", "D", "F", "G" or "J") as well as the issuing country's code "D".^[155]

[94]	France	50th anniversary of the signing of the Élysée Treaty Joint issue with Germany	10,017,789 coins	22 January 2013
[94]	Description: The coin, which was designed by Yves Sampo of the Monnaie de Paris, Stefanie Lindner of the Berlin State Mint, Alina Hoyer (Berlin) and Sneschana Russewa-Hoyer (Berlin), depicts stylised portraits of the Élysée Treaty's signatories (the then-Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany Konrad Adenauer and the former President of the French Republic Charles de Gaulle), their signatures and the words '50 ANS JAHRE' with the year '2013' in the centre, the words 'TRAITÉ DE L'ÉLYSÉE' at the top and the words 'ÉLYSÉE-VERTRAG' at the bottom. The right side of the inner part features the mint mark as well as the issuing country's code 'RF' and the left side features the 'fleurette', hallmark of the engraving workshop.^[160]

[95]	Germany	Maulbronn Abbey in Baden-Württemberg. Eighth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	1 February 2013
[95]	Description: Maulbronn Monastery, founded 1147 by Cistercians, is the best-preserved medieval monastery complex in Europe. The coin, which was designed by Eugen Ruhl, presents the interior of the fountain house or lavatorium, besides the western facade of the convent church with its atrium, named paradise. Since 1993 the monastery is part of the Unesco World Heritage.

[96]	Slovenia	800 years since the discovery of the Postojna Cave^[161]	1 million coins	4 February 2013
[96]	Description: The central image of the coin is a stylised spiral, which at the left side of the coin begins with inscription 'POSTOJNSKA JAMA • 1213–2013 • SLOVENIJA' and ends with two stylised speleothems.^[162]

[97]	Netherlands	The announcement of the abdication of the throne by Queen Beatrix	20 million coins	7 February 2013
[97]	Description: The design depicts on the foreground the effigy of Queen Beatrix and on the background, partly covered by the effigy of the Queen, the effigy of the Prince of Orange. The circumscription around both effigies reads: WILLEM-ALEXANDER PRINS VAN ORANJE (crown symbol) BEATRIX KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN (mint mark) 28 januari 2013 (mint master mark). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[163]

[98]	Spain	Monastery and Site of the Escorial, Madrid Fourth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8 million coins	2 March 2013
[98]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a view of the San Lorenzo del Escorial Monastery. On the upper side, in circular sense and with capital letters, the name of the issuing country 'ESPAÑA'. At the right hand side, the year of issuance '2013' and the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[164]

[99]	Italy	200 years since the birth of Giuseppe Verdi	10 million coins	20 May 2013
[99]	Description: The design shows the bust of Giuseppe VERDI in three quarter view facing left; on the left, superimposed letters of the Italian Republic monogram 'RI'/1813; on the right, R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/2013; in exergue, MCC (monogram of the Author Maria Carmela COLANERI)/G. VERDI. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[165]

[100]	France	150th anniversary of the birth of Pierre de Coubertin	1,014,338 coins	3 June 2013
[100]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the face of Pierre de Coubertin still young. Stylised Olympic rings form the background. They provide the framework for silhouettes symbolising the Olympic sports. At the left, the indication of the issuing country 'RF' and the year '2013'. At the top, the inscription 'PIERRE DE COUBERTIN' in semi-circle. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[166]

[101]	Vatican City	Sede vacante	125,000 coins	3 June 2013
[101]	Description: The design features the coat of arms of the Cardinal Camerlengo and above it the symbol of the Apostolic Camera, two small crosses, the words 'CITTÀ DEL VATICANO' at the left and 'SEDE VACANTE MMXIII' at the right. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[167]

[102]	Monaco	20th anniversary of its accession to the ONU on 28 May 1993	1,249,131 coins	17 June 2013
[102]	Description: The coin depicts a dove with an olive branch, with in the middle of the arc, on the left side the cornucopia, and on the right side the punch, as the workshop Paris Mint mark. At the top, in semi-circle, the indication of the issuing country 'MONACO' and at the bottom, in semi-circle, the inscription '1993 ADMISSION À L'ONU 2013'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[168]

[103]	Portugal	250th anniversary of the Clérigos Tower, Porto	525,000 coins	20 June 2013
[103]	Description: The Baroque church of the clergy was built between 1732 and 1750, its monumental tower from 1754 to 1763, by the Italian architect Nicolau Nasoni. The 75,6 metres high tower is dominating the city and became its symbol. The coin, designed by Hugo Maciel, also presents the Dom Luis Bridge across the Douro. Opened in 1886, it is also part of Porto's Historic Center and, since 1996, UNESCO World Heritage site.

[104]	Malta	Establishment of Self-Government in 1921 Third of the Maltese constitutional history series	542,500 coins	24 June 2013
[104]	Description: The designs shows a map of the Maltese islands and a representation of the population. At the bottom of the design, the year '2013'. At the top, in semi-circle, the words 'MALTA – Self-government 1921'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[169]

[105]	Slovakia	1150 years from the Byzantine Advent of advent of the Mission of Constantine and Methodius to the Great Moravia.	1 million coins	5 July 2013
[105]	Description: The design depicts the Thessalonian brothers Constantine and Methodius along with the symbolic double cross stood on three hills. The cross is at the same time held as a Bishop's crozier, thereby linking together symbols of statehood and Christianity and emphasising the significance of the brothers' mission, which helped ensure the full sovereignty and legitimacy of Great Moravia – the first Slav state in central Europe. The figure of Constantine is holding a book representing education and faith, while Methodius is shown with a church symbolising faith and institutional Christianity. Along the lower edge of the inner part of the coin is the name of the issuing country 'SLOVENSKO', the year '863' and the year '2013', with a dividing mark between each. Along the upper edge of the inner part are the names 'KONŠTANTÍN' and 'METOD'. To the left of the brothers are the stylised letters 'mh', the initials of the coin's designer Miroslav Hric, and to the right is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint, comprising the letters 'MK' placed between two dies. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[170]

[106]	Italy	700th birthday of Giovanni Boccaccio	10 million coins	25 July 2013
[106]	Description: The design shows the head of Giovanni BOCCACCIO in three quarter view facing right, drawn from the fresco by Andrea del Castagno, around 1450 c. (Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi); around, on the bottom, BOCCACCIO 1313 2013; on the right, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/RI(monogram of Italian Republic)/m (monogram of the Author Mauri). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[171]

[107]	Finland	150th anniversary of the Parliament of 1863 when regular parliament sessions started in Finland	1 million coins	4 September 2013
[107]	Description: The 2-euro commemorative coin is depicted with the year 1863 and a shoot growing out of it symbolising the start of democracy and Finland's development. In semicircle, at the bottom, the name of the issuing country 'SUOMI FINLAND' with the two words separated by the mint mark, and the year '2013'. The Diet of 1863 is the start of period of illumination. In Finland, the year 1863 marked a start for genuine democracy, transparent press operations and the right to use the Finnish language. With the beginning of regular meetings of the Diet, the opportunities of Finns to influence affairs in their own country improved in an unprecedented way. The year marked the beginning of a period of illumination for Finnish democracy. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[172]

[108]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Pinturicchio	115 000 coins	13 September 2013
[108]	Description: In the foreground, the fresco 'Christ among the doctors'; in the lower part, the inscription 'SAN MARINO' in semi-circle; to the left, the letter 'R', which is the Italian mint mark; below the fresco, the name of the author 'MOMONI'; above the fresco, the inscription 'PINTURICCHIO' in semi-circle with the years '1513' and '2013' below it. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[173]

[109]	Belgium	100 years of Royal Meteorological Institute	2,010,000 coins	18 September 2013
[109]	Description: The obverse of the coin displays in its centre the number 100 with the first zero encircling the abbreviations 'KMI' and 'IRM' and the second zero representing a sun. Isobars, raindrops and snowflakes are depicted to the left of the sun. The year '2013' is displayed in the upper rays of the sun and the nationality 'BE' is indicated in the lower rays. The mark of the mint master and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the Archangel Michael, are displayed under the '1' of the number '100'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[174]

[110]	Greece	2400th anniversary of the Founding of the Platonic Academy	754,000 coins	1 October 2013
[110]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows the profile of Plato, the founder of the Platonic Academy. On the left side of the coin is depicted the Greek inscription 2400 ΧΡΟΝΙΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΙΔΡΥΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΙΑΣ ΠΛΑΤΩΝΟΣ (2400 years since the founding of the Platonic Academy) and the name of the issuing country (ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ) in ancient Greek font. The mint mark and the year mark 2013 are to the right. On the bottom is the monogram ΣΤΑΜ of the author G. Stamatopoulos. The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.^[175]

[111]	Greece	100th anniversary of the Union of Crete with Greece	754,000 coins	1 October 2013
[111]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Cretan rebels raising the Greek flag, a symbolic representation of Crete's struggle for Union with Greece. On the upper side, in circular sense and with capital letters the name of the issuing country 'Hellenic Republic' in Greek. Underneath the words: '100 years of the union of Crete with Greece' in Greek. On the right: '1913–2013' and the monogram of the Greek Mint. In exergue, 'ΣΤΑΜ' (monogram of the author G. Stamatopoulos). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[176]

[112]	Vatican City	28th World Youth Day – Rio de Janeiro	94,000 coins	15 October 2013
[112]	Description: The design features the most known monument of Rio de Janeiro, the 'Christ of Corcovado' and some young people around the statue. At the top, in semi-circle, the inscription 'XXVIII G.M.G. CITTÀ DEL VATICANO RIO 2013'. At the right, the mintmark 'R' and the name of the artist 'P DANIELE'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[177]

[113]	Luxembourg	National Anthem of the Grand Duchy	522,000 coins	16 October 2013
[113]	Description: The coin depicts on the right hand of its inner part the effigy of the Grand Duke Henri, looking to the left, and on the left hand of its inner part the musical notation as well as the text of the national anthem. The text 'Ons Heemecht' appears at the top of the inner part and the name of the issuing country 'LËTZEBUERG' as well as the year-date '2013', flanked by the mint mark and the initials of the mint master, appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[178]

[114]	Finland	125th anniversary of the birth of Nobel Prize-winning author Frans Eemil Sillanpää	1,500,000 coins	4 November 2013
[114]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Sillanpää's portrait. At the top, in semi-circle, the words 'F. E. SILLANPÄÄ'. At the left, the year '1888' and the mint mark. At the right, the year '1964', the indication of the issuing country 'FI' and the year of issuance '2013'. This is a special coin to commemorate the grandfather of a whole nation. F. E. SILLANPÄÄ was a master of style who brought deep insights about the relationship between people and nature into Finnish literature. He was awarded the Nobel prize in 1939 based in particular on the works Meek Heritage and The Maid Silja. This masterful author gained even more national renown with his popular radio appearances and memorable Christmas columns. After the war years, the master writer evolved into the long-bearded 'Taata', the unofficial grandfather to the country. From recollections of his childhood Christmases emerged a well-loved tradition: Grandpa gathered the whole nation devoutly around their radios with his easy-going Christmas 'talks'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[179]

[115]	Netherlands	200th anniversary of the Kingdom of the Netherlands	3,500,000 coins	25 November 2013
[115]	Description: The inner part of the design shows a continuing ribbon that starts from the outside depicting the effigy of King Willem-Alexander and continues to depict the effigies of his six predecessors: Queen Beatrix, Queen Juliana, Queen Wilhelmina, King Willem III, King Willem II and King Willem I. The effigies are surrounded by the inscription 'Willem-Alexander Koning der Nederlanden' followed by the Royal Dutch mintmark, the mint master mark, the year 2013, the initials of the designer and at the left side of the effigies the inscription '200 jaar Koninkrijk der Nederlanden'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[180]

2014 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[116]	Luxembourg	175th anniversary of the Luxembourg's independence	519,500 coins	6 January 2014
[116]	Description: The coin depicts on the right hand side of its inner part the effigy of the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the right, and on the left hand side of its inner part, vertically positioned, the years '1839' and '2014' and the name of the issuing country 'LËTZEBUERG'. The inscriptions 'ONOFHÄNGEGKEET' and '175 Joër' appear at the bottom of the inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[181]

[117]	Spain	Park Güell, work of Antoni Gaudí Fifth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8,094,000 coins	7 February 2014
[117]	Description: The coin depicts in the foreground a lizard sculpture which is the Park Güell emblem and was designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí. As background a detail of one of the pavilions situated at the Park Güell entrance. At the top, in circular sense and in capital letters the words 'ESPAÑA' and 'PARK GÜELL – GAUDÍ'. At the left the year of issuance '2014' and at the right the mintmark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[182]

[118]	Germany	St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Lower Saxony. Ninth of the Bundesländer I series	30,824,300 coins	7 February 2014
[118]	Description: The portroyal of Saint Michael Church in Hildesheim. At the top, on the left, the year 2014. At the bottom, bas, la legend NIEDERSACHSEN and the initial of the issuing country D (for Deutschland). The twelve stars of the European Union surround the design on the outer ring of the coin.

[119]	Italy	200th anniversary of the Carabinieri	6,525,000 coins	25 March 2014
[119]	Description: The design shows a reinterpretation of the sculpture 'Pattuglia di Carabinieri nella tormenta' made in 1973 by Antonio Berti; on the right, superimposed letters of the Italian Republic monogram 'RI'/2014; on the left, 1814; up, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome); in exergue, LDS (monogram of the Author Luciana De Simoni)/CARABINIERI. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[183]

[120]	Slovakia	10 years of Slovakian membership in the European Union	1 million coins	1 April 2014
[120]	Description: At the centre of the national side are the stylised letters 'EÚ', as the abbreviation of the European Union, with the coat of arms of the Slovak Republic incorporated in the foreground. On the right-hand side of the inner part of the coin, in two lines, is the date of the Slovak Republic's accession to the European Union, '1.5.2004', and immediately below it the year '2014'. Inscribed along the bottom edge of the inner part is the name of the issuing country, 'SLOVENSKO', while in a semi-circle along the upper edge is the inscription '10. VÝROČIE VSTUPU DO EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE'. To the lower left is the mint mark of Kremnica Mint (composed of the letters 'MK' between two dies), and to the lower right are the stylised letters 'MP', the initials of the designer, Mária Poldaufová. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[121]	Portugal	40 years since the Carnation Revolution	520,000 coins	23 April 2014
[121]	Description: The two curves represent the general shape of a carnation, the flower symbolizing the movement, which was also the origin of the revolution's name. The name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL' and the Coat of Arms are inscribed on the top of the flower. The center of the image shows the date of the event '25 DE ABRIL' (25 April) and at the bottom is written the number of years past since the revolution '40 ANOS'(40 years) and the year of issuance '2014'. The shape of the letters and numbers is inspired on those used in posters and other political information supports 40 years ago, as a symbol of the euphoric period lived right after the event. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[184]

[122]	Belgium	100 years since the beginning of World War I	1,750,000 coins	12 May 2014
[122]	Description: The coin's central field depicts a poppy above the years 2014–18. Below these years appears the inscription 'The Great War Centenary', under which are the signature mark of the Master of the Mint and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the archangel Michael. The top of the central field features the trilingual inscription 'BELGIE – BELGIQUE – BELGIEN'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[185]

[123]	Netherlands	King Willem-Alexander and Princess Beatrix	5,291,000 coins	22 May 2014
[123]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts the effigies of both the King Willem-Alexander and the former Queen Beatrix. At the left, in semi-circle, the inscription 'WILLEM-ALEXANDER KONING DER NEDERLANDEN' and at the right, in semi-circle, the inscription 'BEATRIX PRINSES DER NEDERLANDEN'. Between the two inscriptions, at the top, the crown symbol and at the bottom the mint master mark, the mint mark and in between the year of issuance '2014'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[186]

[124]	Malta	Independence from Britain in 1964 Fourth of the Maltese constitutional history series	432,500 coins	3 June 2014 (sets) 29 October 2014 (rolls)
[124]	Description: The coin commemorating the Malta Independence constitution of 1964 is the fourth in the series of five coins that commemorate constitutional milestones in Maltese history. By means of the 1964 constitution Malta became an independent nation for the first time after hundreds of years of foreign domination. The national side of the coin shows a detail of the bronze monument commemorating independence which was designed by the artist Gianni Bonnici in 1989. It shows a young woman, representing Malta, carrying the Maltese flag. At the right, in semi-circle the inscription MALTA – Independence 1964 and at the bottom the year of issuance 2014. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[125]	France	70 years since D-Day	3,019,675 coins	11 June 2014
[125]	Description: In the coin's central field the word D-DAY is written in such a way as to depict a landing craft and a tank gun barrel. The years 1944–2014 appear above the tank gun, with the inscription '70e anniversaire du débarquement' (70th anniversary of the landings) further down. The distinctive footprints left by the boots worn by American, British and Canadian troops are gradually disappearing in the sand, washed away by a wave. The words of a poem by Verlaine used as a code for the start of the landings are engraved on the wave: 'Les sanglots longs des violons de l'automne blessent mon coeur d'une langueur monotone' (the long sobs of the violins of autumn wound my heart with a monotonous languor). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[187]

[126]	Finland	100 years since the birth of Tove Jansson	1,500,000 coins	16 June 2014
[126]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts Tove Jansson's portrait. Under the portrait the signature 'Tove Jansson' and the years '1914–2001'. At the left the indication of the issuing country 'FI'. At the right the year of issuance '2014' and the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[188]

[127]	Italy	450 years since the birth of Galileo Galilei	6,500,000 coins	17 June 2014 (sets) 21 November 2014 (rolls)
[127]	Description:The design shows the head of Galileo Galilei from the painting of Justus Sustermans, 1636 (Florence, Galleria degli Uffizi); around, upside, GALILEO GALILEI; on the right, superimposed letters R (monogram of the Mint of Rome)/astronomic telescope/C.M. (monogram of the Author Claudia Momoni); on the left, superimposed letters of the Italian Republic monogram 'RI'; in exergue 1564–2014. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[189]

[128]	San Marino	500th anniversary since the death of Donato Bramante	114,000 coins	23 June 2014
[128]	Description: The effigy of Bramante Tempietto to the right of the Church of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, somewhat exceeding the outline of a rectangle surrounded by the years 1514 and 2014. The legend BRAMANTE LAZZARI DELLE PENNE DI SAN MARINO (Bramante Lazzari feathers San Marino) surrounds the drawing. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[129]	Malta	200th anniversary of the Malta Police Force	300,000 coins	16 July 2014
[129]	Description: The coin commemorates the 200th anniversary of the Malta Police Force which was set up by means of proclamation XXII of 1814. Thus the Malta Police Force is one of the oldest in Europe. The national side of the coin depicts the badge of the Malta Police Force with the legend '200 Years Malta Police Force' and the dates 1814–2014. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[190]

[130]	Latvia	Riga, European Capital of Culture 2014	1,005,000 coins	12 August 2014
[130]	Description: The central image of the coin shows the skyline of Riga and the historic centre of the city that has been included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Depicted are, from left to right: St. John's Church, St. James's Cathedral, Three-Stars-Tower of Riga Castle, St. Peter's Church and Riga Cathedral. At the top of the image, the inscription 'EIROPAS KULTŪRAS GALVASPILSĒTA' (European Capital of Culture) and at the bottom the name of the celebrated city and the year of issuance 'RĪGA – 2014', and underneath the indication of the issuing country 'LV'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[191]

[131]	Belgium	150 years of the Belgian Red Cross	287,500 coins	18 September 2014
[131]	Description: The inner part of the coin features a cross with the number '150' in its centre. The vertical and horizontal bars of the cross bear the words 'Rode Kruis' and 'Croix-Rouge' respectively. The cross is surrounded by the mark of the Brussels mint (a helmeted profile of the archangel Michael), the signature mark of the Master of the Mint, the year 2014, and the country code 'BE'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[192]

[132]	Greece	150th anniversary of the Union of the Ionian Islands with Greece	754,000 coins	24 September 2014
[132]	Description: The 'Seven Point Star' symbolizes the "Ionian Dimension" ("Ιόνια Διάσταση"): the 'Group of Seven Islands' ("Ἑπτάνησα" / Eptanisa) in the Ionian Sea bore and inspired outstanding representatives in the fields of art, important musicians, poets, painters and politicians. Clockwise from top, the visuals symbolize the following islands: – Corfu's emblem is the "apēdalos naus" ("Άπήδαλος Nαῦς": ship without steering gear), as great nautical powers were attributed to the island and its sailors were well known for their nautical abilities and skills since ancient times – Zakynthos is represented by the sacrificial tripod of Apollo – Ithaca: Odysseus is depicted with the ancient hat Pileus – Paxi's emblem is a trident: according to a mythological tale, it was created when Poseidon hit the island of Corfu with his trident, splitting it in two – Kythira, the island of celestial Aphrodite, depicted on a scallop, symbolizing her 'emergence from the sea' – Lefkada is represented by the 'Apollonian harp' ("Απολλώνια Άρπα"), symbol for its great musical tradition – Cephalonia's emblem is its mythical – eponymous – hero Cephalus. The coin was designed by Maria Andonatou, whose signet is depicted at lower left.^[193]

[133]	Greece	400 years since the death of El Greco	754,000 coins	24 September 2014
[133]	Description: The inner part of the coin shows a portrait of Domenikos Theotokopoulos. The background features a typical figure from his work, illustrative of his technique. On the left: the year 2014 and the characteristic signature of the artist ('Domenikos Theotokopoulos Epoiei'). On the right: the mint mark of the Greek State Mint. The entire design is encircled in an inscription reading in Greek 'DOMENIKOS THEOTOKOPOULOS 1541–1614' ('ΔΟΜΗΝΙΚΟΣ ΘΕΟΤΟΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ 1541–1614') and the name of the issuing country 'HELLENIC REPUBLIC'('ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ'). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[194]

[134]	San Marino	90th anniversary since the death of Giacomo Puccini	100,000 coins	29 September 2014
[134]	Description: The effigy of Giacomo Puccini surrounded on the left by the name G. PUCCINI and, on the right, the name of the issuing country SAN MARINO. The year 2014 is placed at the bottom left. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[135]	Vatican City	25 years since the Fall of the Berlin Wall	103,000 coins	14 October 2014
[135]	Description: The design depicts some bricks of the partially collapsed Berlin Wall in the foreground, with the wording "XXV ANNIVERSARIO DEL CROLLO DEL MURO DI BERLINO 1989 2014"(25th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall 1989 2014) written within the bricks. An olive branch can be seen in the centre, in a gap between the bricks and a piece of barbed wire, and the Brandenburg Gate appears in the background. At the top, the words "CITTA DEL VATICANO" are inscribed. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[136]	Portugal	International Year of Family Farming	520,000 coins	31 October 2014
[136]	Description: On the central part of the design are represented tools typically used in the traditional agriculture, together with farming products: a chicken in the center, surrounded by pumpkins, a basket of potatoes, and other vegetables and flowers. On the left side, in semi-circle, the subject of the commemoration 'AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR' (Family Farming) and on the right side, in semi-circle, the name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL' followed by the year of issuance '2014'. At the bottom left the mintmark 'INCM'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[195]

[137]	Luxembourg	50th anniversary of Grand Duke Jean accession to the throne	512,000 coins	6 November 2014
[137]	Description: The coin's inner part depicts the effigies of the Grand-Duke Henri and the Grand-Duke Jean, both looking to the left. It is surmounted by the year '1964' above the effigy of the Grand-Duke Jean and by a crown. At the bottom, the names 'Jean' and 'Henri' appear below the respective effigy as well as the year '2014'. The inscription '50e ANNIVERSAIRE DE L'ACCESSION AU TRÔNE DU GRAND-DUC JEAN' encloses in circular form the upper inner part of the coin. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[196]

[138]	Finland	100 years since the birth of Ilmari Tapiovaara	1 million coins	10 November 2014
[138]	Description: The left inner part of the design shows Ilmari Tapiovaara's name and years. The right inner part of the design depicts a close-up from the furniture fitting characteristic for Ilmari Tapiovaara. At the right the indication of the issuing country "FI", the mint mark and the year of issuance "2014". The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[139]	Slovenia	600th anniversary since the Coronation of Barbara of Cilli	1 million coins	17 November 2014
[139]	Description: The central image of the coin shows, with lined pattern, the portrait of the Queen Barbara of Celje with her sceptre. On the image are placed three typical six-pointed stars of Celje counts. On the left side of the portrait is the inscription 'SLOVENIJA' and on the right side the inscription 'BARBARA CELJSKA' and the years '1414–2014'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[197]

[140]	France	World AIDS Day	3 million coins	24 November 2014
[140]	Description: The red ribbon, symbolising the fight against AIDS, is featured in the coin's central field. The ribbon was created by the Visual AIDS Artists Caucus and the US painter Frank Moore. It should be worn close to the heart to symbolise solidarity with AIDS sufferers and is in the shape of an upside-down V. The idea is for it to be worn as a V one day to signify victory over the disease. There are three ribbons in the central field. One is in the conventional position and will be coloured red for the brilliant uncirculated (BU) and proof (PRF) versions. The other two ribbons are inverted and associated with two Vs to strengthen the symbolism of the much-hoped-for victory over the disease. The date 1 December, Unesco World AIDS Day, appears at the top of the central field. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[198]

[141]	Spain	King Felipe VI's accession to the throne	12 million coins	10 December 2014
[141]	Description: The design depicts the overlapping portraits of Kings Felipe VI and Juan Carlos I. At the bottom the name of the issuing country and the year of issuance: "ESPAÑA – 2014". At the right, the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[142]	Andorra	20 years in the Council of Europe	105,000 coins	29 February 2016
[142]	Description: The design shows at the centre left the coat of arms of Andorra followed by the inscription ‘20’ where the zero is stylised to represent the Council of Europe’s flag. At the top are the inscriptions ‘ANDORRA’ and underneath ‘AL CONSELL D’EUROPA’. The year ‘2014’ appears at the bottom left followed by an oblique line. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2015 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[143]	Spain	Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain Sixth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	8 million coins	30 January 2015
[143]	Description: The design depicts in the foreground the bison painting from the Cave of Altamira located in Cantabria. In the upper side of the image, in circular sense and with capital letters, the word 'ESPAÑA', at the bottom the year of issuance '2015' and at the right the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[199]

[144]	Germany	25 years of German Unity	30,500,000 coins	30 January 2015
[144]	Description: The people in the foreground, who embody a new beginning and the advance towards a better future, are standing in front of the Brandenburg Gate, symbol of German unity. The rendering of the statement Wir sind ein Volk ("we are one people") – a collective expression of will by German citizens – represents the path forwards towards German reunification. The inner part also features the mint mark of the respective mint ("A", "D", "F", "G" or "J") as well as the issuing country's country code "D" and the engraver's mark (the initials "BW" – Bernd Wendhut). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[200]

[145]	France	70 years of peace in Europe	4,020,000 coins	30 January 2015
[145]	Description: On the coin's reverse, the dove is drawn in a graphical and modern way. It carries in its beak an olive branch whose branches have been replaced by the 12 stars of the European Flag, symbol of peace in Europe. The 28 countries of the European Union are symbolised by their own ISO code. The Europa Star logo is present on the reverse, close to the dove.

[146]	Germany	Paulskirche in Frankfurt am Main Tenth of the Bundesländer I series	30,765,000 coins	30 January 2015
[146]	Description: The design depicts a classic perspective on St. Paul's Church in Frankfurt (the 'Paulskirche' was the seat of Germany's first freely elected legislative body in 1849 and is regarded as the cradle of German democracy) and is therefore the perspective possessing the greatest recognition value. The design incisively brings out the tension between the dominant tower and the elliptical structure of the church. The slightly exaggerated flight of steps has an inviting quality while simultaneously offering support to the subjacent inscription 'HESSEN' (the Federal State of Hessen in which St. Paul's Church is situated). The inner part also features the year '2015' and the mint mark of the respective mint ('A', 'D', 'F', 'G' or 'J') at the left side as well as the issuing country's indication 'D' and the engraver's mark (the initials 'HH' – Heinz Hoyer) at the right side.^[201]

[147]	Latvia	EU Presidency	1,025,000 coins	10 February 2015
[147]	Description:An archetypal image of a millstone, the logo of the Latvian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, with the inscriptions LATVIJAS PREZIDENTŪRA ES PADOMĒ (Latvian Presidency of the Council of the EU) and EU2015.LV above and beneath it respectively.^[202]

[148]	Finland	150 years since the birth of Jean Sibelius	1 million coins	18 February 2015
[148]	Description: At the inner part of the coin is sky with stars, tree tops at the right. The text 'JEAN SIBELIUS' and the year of issuance '2015' are placed at the left inner part of the coin. At the right is the indication of the issuing country 'FI' and the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[203]

[149]	San Marino	750 years since the birth of Dante Alighieri	100,000 coins	8 April 2015
[149]	Description: The design by Annalisa Masini shows a portrait of Dante, taken from a fresco by Botticelli. At the right of the portrait, the inscription 'DANTE' on a vertical axis. At the right of the inner centre, the name of the issuing country 'SAN MARINO' in semi-circle. Between these two inscriptions, the mint mark 'R', the years '1265' and '2015' and the initials of the artist 'AM'. The lettering style used in identifying the nation and the coin's subject was inspired by lettering in the first copies of the Divina Commedia (Dante's Divine Comedy).^[204]

[150]	Portugal	150 years Portuguese Red Cross	520,000 coins	15 April 2015
[150]	Description: The design depicts a visual composition based on the well-known cross, symbol of the organisation, replicated several times to represent the expansion of the humanitarian action both in Portugal and abroad. The contour of a hand in the background symbolises the different kinds of help given by the organisation to the people, mostly medical, but also and among others: cooperating, constructing and supporting. At the left side, in semi-circle, the inscription 'CRUZ VERMELHA PORTUGUESA'. At the top, the Coat of Arms and the name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL' and at the bottom the years '1865' and '2015'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[205]

[151]	Italy	Universal Exposition Expo 2015 in Milan	3,525,000 coins	29 April 2015 (proof) 22 July 2015 (rolls)
[151]	Description: The design depicts a composition symbolising the fertility of Earth: on a semicircle indicating the terrestrial sphere, a seed fed by the water waits to sprout; above the Earth, a vine, an olive twig and an ear grow from a tree trunk; around, the inscription 'NUTRIRE IL PIANETA'; on the left the initials of the designer Maria Grazia Urbani, 'MGU'; on the right, the monogram of Italian Republic 'RI' and 'R', identifying the Mint of Rome; in the middle, logo of the EXPO MILANO 2015. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[206]

[152]	Malta	100 years since the first flight from Malta	325,000 coins	25 May 2015
[152]	Description: The coin commemorates an important milestone in Maltese aviation history – the 100 years since the first flight from Malta. It was on 13 February 1915 that Captain Kilmer took off from the Grand Harbour on a seaplane that was carried by HMS Ark Royal. The plane landed in the harbour after a 55-minute flight. The coin depicts Captain Kilmer's seaplane with Senglea Point, a prominent feature in the Grand Harbour, in the background. At the top the inscription 'FIRST FLIGHT FROM MALTA' in semi-circle. At the right the years '1915–2015'. At the bottom left the inscription '100TH ANNIVERSARY' and at the bottom the initials of the designer 'NGB' (Noel Galea Bason).^[207]

[153]	Luxembourg	15th anniversary of Grand Duke Henri accession to the throne	517,500 coins	8 June 2015
[153]	Description: The coin depicts Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess. The year of accession '2000', the issuing country 'Luxembourg' and the year mark '2015' appear above them. Below them appears the inscription '15e anniversaire de l'accession au trône de S.A.R. le Grand-Duc' (15th anniversary of the accession to the throne of H.R.H. the Grand Duke). The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[208]

[154]	Malta	Proclamation of the Republic of Malta in 1974 Fifth of the Maltese constitutional history series	435,000 coins	23 June 2015 (sets) 3 October 2015 (rolls)
[154]	Description: The coin is the last in a series of five commemorating Maltese constitutional milestones. Malta was declared a republic on 13 December 1974 following constitutional changes which were agreed upon by a great majority in Malta's Parliament. The design reproduces a marble tablet affixed to the façade of the Presidential Palace in Valletta to mark Malta's change from a monarchy to a republic. At the top right, in semi-circle, the inscription 'MALTA – Republic 1974'. At the bottom, the year '2015'.^[209]

[155]	Italy	750 years since the birth of Dante Alighieri	3,515,000 coins	26 June 2015 (sets) 22 July 2015 (rolls)
[155]	Description: The design shows Dante with an open book in his left hand and the Purgatory mountain at the back: detail from the illustration of the Divine Comedy painted by Domenico di Michelino (1417–1491) in the Dome of S. Maria del Fiore in Florence; in the centre, the monogram of the Italian Republic "RI"; at the right the inscription "R", identifying the Mint of Rome; below the inscription "SP", initials of Silvia Petrassi and the dates "1265 2015", i.e. the year of the anniversary and that of the coin's issue respectively; arch shaped, the inscription "DANTE ALIGHIERI". The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[210]

[156]	Portugal	500 years since first Contact with Timor	520,000 coins	15 July 2015
[156]	Description:The design depicts a 16th-century ship, representing the arrival of the Portuguese navigators to the island, and a local house thatched roof top, including the typical wood sculptures, permanent memories of myths and legends. The one depicted on the coin represents the history of the first inhabitants, who arrived by boat from other parts of the Asian continent and the importance of the horse to travel around the steep mountains which cover most of the island. At the top right, the year '1515' and the name of the issuing country 'PORTUGAL'. At the bottom left, the inscription 'TIMOR' and the year '2015'. At the bottom, the signature of the artist Fernando Fonseca. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[211]

[157]	France	225. anniversary of Fête de la Fédération	4,020,000 coins	22 July 2015
[157]	Description: The French national holiday brings the people of France together in celebration of the Republic. The design shows Marianne, the symbol of the Republic, depicted in profile in a graphic, contemporary style. She is wearing the Phrygian cap. On the right the tricolour cockade appears in outline above the letters RF. The year is written in the centre of the coin. The left side features a stanza from the poem 'Liberté' by the French poet Paul Eluard, an allusion to the motto of the French Republic. The mint marks appear alongside this extract.^[212]

[158]	Belgium	European Year for Development	250,000 coins	17 September 2015
[158]	Description: The inner part of the coin depicts a hand holding a globe of the Earth with a plant in the foreground. The inscription '2015 EUROPEAN YEAR FOR DEVELOPMENT' features in an arc above the globe. The country code 'BE' appears beneath the hand while the signature mark of the Master of the Mint and the mark of the Brussels mint, a helmeted profile of the archangel Michael, are to its left.^[213]

[159]	San Marino	25 years of German Unity	100,000 coins	29 September 2015
[159]	Description: The design shows the Brandenburg Gate which during the Cold War was located in East Berlin, in two representations which are intertwined like two hands, symbolizing the reunification of the two parts of Berlin. At the left the mint mark "R" and the initials of the artist "ES" (Erik Spiekermann). In circle around the design are the inscription "25° ANNIVERSARIO DELLA RIUNIFICAZIONE DELLA GERMANIA 1990–2015" (25th anniversary of the German reunification) and the country and year of issuance "San Marino MMXV". The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[214]

[160]	Vatican City	VIII World Meeting of Families – Philadelphia 2015	122,000 coins	6 October 2015
[160]	Description: The design depicts two families which ideally embrace the whole Earth. At the top, the year of issuance "2015". At the left side, the name of the artist "C. Principe". The mint mark R appears on the arm of one family member at the right. The design is surrounded by the inscription "VIII INCONTRO MONDIALE DELLE FAMIGLIE" (The VIII World Meeting of Families), from the left to the right in semi-circle and " CITTA' DEL VATICANO" at the bottom.^[215]

[161]	Luxembourg	125th anniversary of the Nassau-Weilburg Dynasty	511,500 coins	15 October 2015
[161]	Description: On the left of the coin is the effigy of Grand Duke Henri, and on the right, in a circular arrangement, and in chronological order of their accession to the throne, the portraits of their Grand Dukes Adolphe and Guillaume IV, Grand Duchesses Marie-Adélaïde and Charlotte, and Grand Duke Jean. To the right, also in circular format, is the inscription '1890 – Dynastie Nassau-Weilbourg'. The name of the issuing country, 'Luxembourg', and the year, '2015', run vertically in the centre of the design.^[216]

[162]	Finland	150 years since the birth of Akseli Gallen-Kallela	500,000 coins	22 October 2015
[162]	Description: On the top of the design there is a swimming swan of Tuonela. The water below the swan is waving from the descending spirit. The indication of the issuing country 'FI' is at the right end of the horizon line. At the bottom of the design there is the artist's palette with Gallen-Kallela's year of birth '1865' and the year of issuance '2015'. Next to the palette is the mint mark. The artist's name 'AKSELI GALLEN KALLELA' is on the ring of the coin, below the horizon line. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[217]

[163]	Slovakia	200 years since the birth of Ľudovít Štúr	1 million coins	23 October 2015
[163]	Description: The design depicts a portrait of Ľudovít Štúr. Inscribed to the right of the portrait, parallel to the edge of the inner part of the coin, are the year of issuance '2015' and, further right along the edge, the name of issuing country 'SLOVENSKO'. Inscribed to the left of the portrait, parallel to the inner edge, are the dates of Štúr's birth and death '1815–1856' and, further left along the edge, the name 'ĽUDOVÍT ŠTÚR'. In the upper right part of the design is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the initials 'MK' placed between two dies. In the lower right part are the stylised letters 'IŘ', the initials of the designer, Ivan Řehák.^[218]

[164]	Slovenia	2000th anniversary of the Founding of Emona	1 million coins	9 November 2015
[164]	Description: The central image of the coin is the composition of letters that form the word 'EMONA' or 'AEMONA' and a stylized design of Emona. At the bottom, in circular sense, the inscription 'EMONA LJUBLJANA SLOVENIJA 2015'. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.^[219]

[165]	Monaco	800th anniversary of the Construction of the first Fortress on the Rock 1215	10,000 coins	14 November 2015
[165]	Description: The design shows a tower on the top of the rock. At the top the name of the issuing country 'MONACO' flanked by the Paris mint mark and the mint master mark. At the bottom, the inscription "FONDATION DE LA FORTERESSE" (Foundation of the fortress), flanked by the years '1215' and '2015'.^[220]

[166]	Latvia	Stork	1,020,000 coins	1 December 2015
[166]	Description: From mid-April to the end of August, Latvia's country landscape is dotted with nests of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia), and during this period people are used to listening to the sounds of bill clattering and to seeing these lanky-bodied birds in the vicinity of ponds and rivers. The black stork (Ciconia nigra), on the other hand, is a widespread yet uncommon bird, seen rarely in marshy areas or inland waters hidden in ancient forest tracts. Most of the white and black stork population nests in Europe. As their current species and habitat conservation status is inadequate, these species are distinguished by the European Parliament and Council Directive as requiring special protection measures to ensure their survival and breeding.^[221]

[167]	Lithuania	Lithuanian Language	1 million coins	14 December 2015
[167]	Description: The design shows the word "AČIŪ" (THANK YOU) – one of the most beautiful words in the Lithuanian language. An original Lithuanian font – created specially on the basis of the Latin font for the occasion of the centenary of the restoration of Lithuanian press – in order to match better the combinations of letters used most in the Lithuanian language, is used in the project. All the letters of the Lithuanian language are depicted on the background of the word "AČIŪ", laid out in a tag cloud.^[222]

[168]	Greece	75 years since the death of Spyridon Louis	750,000 coins	15 December 2015
[168]	Description: The design shows Spyros Louis and the cup that he was awarded, against the background with the Panathenaic Stadium. Inscribed along the inner edge is the country of issuance "HELLENIC REPUBLIC" and "75 YEARS IN MEMORIAM OF SPYROS LOUIS" (in Greek). Above the cup appears the year of issuance "2015" and to the right a palmette (the mint mark of the Greek Mint). Visible at the bottom of the design is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos).^[223]

[169]	Andorra	25 years of Customs Union with the EU	85,000 coins	18 July 2016
[169]	Description: The design shows at the top the map of Andorra with the coat of arms of the Principality highlighted inside it. At the bottom of the design, two opposing arrows interlaced, symbolizing the Customs Agreement between Andorra and the EU, show the years that are being commemorated "1990" and "2015" (the latter is also the year of issue of the coin) and the name of the issuing country "ANDORRA". Surrounding the map of Andorra appears the inscription "25è aniversari de la Signatura de l'Acord Duaner amb la Unió Europea" (25th anniversary of the Signature of the Customs Agreement with the European Union).^[224]

[170]	Andorra	30 years since 18 became Legal Age	85,000 coins	18 July 2016
[170]	Description: The design shows a partial reproduction of a young person casting a vote. The ballot that the figure is holding reproduces the inscription "ANDORRA". To the left of the figure there are the years that are being commemorated "1985" and "2015" (the latter is the year of issue of the coin as well). A shorter inscription of the commemoration surrounds the whole design "30è ANIVERSARI MAJORIA D'EDAT ALS 18 ANYS" (30th anniversary Coming of Age at 18 years old).^[225]

2015 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
	European Union	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	51,383,304 coins^[226]	6 August – 23 December 2015
	Description: To celebrate thirty years of the EU flag, euro-area Finance Ministers decided that euro-area Member States would strike a 2-euro commemorative coin using a common design on the national side. Euro-area citizens and residents have selected by public web-voting the winning design. Voters had a choice of five designs, which had been pre-selected by a professional jury following a design competition among European Mints, and they choose the design created by Mr Georgios Stamatopoulos, professional designer at the Bank of Greece. The designs shows the EU flag as a symbol that unites people and cultures with shared visions and ideals for a better common future. Twelve stars that morph into human figures are embracing the birth of a new Europe. At the bottom right are the initials of the designer (ΓΣ). The name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) and the indication 1985-2015 appear too. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.
[171]	Finland	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	500,000 coins	6 August 2015
[171]	Inscription: SUOMI FINLAND 1985-2015
[172]	Slovakia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	24 September 2015
[172]	Inscription: SLOVENSKO 1985-2015
[173]	Netherlands	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	13 October 2015
[173]	Inscription: NEDERLAND 1985-2015
[174]	Ireland	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	16 October 2015
[174]	Inscription: ÉIRE 1985-2015
[175]	Austria	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	2,500,000 coins	30 October 2015
[175]	Inscription: REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH 1985-2015
[176]	Latvia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1,010,000 coins	3 November 2015
[176]	Inscription: LATVIJA 1985-2015
[177]	Germany	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	30,125,000 coins	5 November 2015
[177]	Inscription: BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND 1985-2015
[178]	Italy	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1,005,000 coins	9 November 2015
[178]	Inscription: REPUBLICA ITALIANA 1985-2015
[179]	France	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	4,020,000 coins	16 November 2015
[179]	Inscription: RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 1985-2015
[180]	Lithuania	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	750,000 coins	17 November 2015
[180]	Inscription: LIETUVA 1985-2015
[181]	Belgium	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	412,500 coins	18 November 2015
[181]	Inscription: BELGIE–BELGIQUE–BELGIEN 1985-2015
[182]	Cyprus	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	350,000 coins	30 November 2015
[182]	Inscription: ΚΥΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS 1985-2015
[183]	Portugal	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	520,000 coins	30 November 2015
[183]	Inscription: PORTUGAL 1985-2015
[184]	Spain	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	4 million coins	1 December 2015
[184]	Inscription: ESPAÑA 1985-2015
[185]	Luxembourg	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	510,000 coins	3 December 2015
[185]	Inscription: LËTZEBUERG 1985-2015 As with the previous common commemorative coins, an obligatory latent image of Grand Duke Henri was added to the Luxembourgish edition. The portrait is located in the same space as the euro flag.
[186]	Slovenia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	1 million coins	7 December 2015
[186]	Inscription: SLOVENIJA 1985-2015
[187]	Estonia	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	350,000 coins	10 December 2015
[187]	Inscription: EESTI 1985-2015
[188]	Malta	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	300,000 coins	18 December 2015
[188]	Inscription: MALTA 1985-2015
[189]	Greece	The 30th anniversary of the EU flag	750,000 coins	23 December 2015
[189]	Inscription: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ 1985-2015

2016 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[190]	Austria	200th anniversary of the founding of Austria's central bank Oesterreichische Nationalbank	16,060,000 coins	2 December 2015 (sets) January 2016 (rolls)
[190]	Description: The design depicts a carved relief with two gods from Roman mythology standing before the entrance to the main building of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB): to the left, Mercury, the messenger of the gods and the god of merchants and commerce; to the right, Fortuna, the goddess of fate and prosperity, who is portrayed with a horn of plenty. The background detail, running from the left to the right edges of the core, shows the OeNB’s main premises. An ornamental band skirting the bottom of the coin centre evokes the red-white-red pattern of the Austrian national flag, with hatched vertical lines symbolising the colour red, as laid down in the rules of heraldic design. The years ‘1816’ and ‘2016’ to the left of Mercury refer to the OeNB’s founding year and its bicentennial. The inscriptions running along the edges of the gold-coloured centre read ‘Republik Österreich’ (Republic of Austria) and ‘200 Jahre Oesterreichische Nationalbank’ (200 years of Oesterreichische Nationalbank). The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[191]	Estonia	100 years since the birth of Paul Keres	500,000 coins	7 January 2016
[191]	Description: The coin features a portrait of the Estonian chess grandmaster Paul Keres with some chess pieces. In the upper left, in semicircle, is the inscription 'Paul Keres. "On the left side the name of the issuing country is, 'Eesti' and, underneath, the year of issue, '2016'."

[192]	Ireland	100 years since Easter Rising	4,500,000 coins	20 January 2016
[192]	Description: It shows a representation of the statue of Hibernia (the historic personification of Ireland) on top of the GPO with the centenary dates.

[193]	Spain	Old city of Segovia and its aqueduct Seventh of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	5 February 2016
[193]	Description: The design depicts in the foreground the aqueduct of Segovia. At the top of the inner circle, and following the circular shape of the coin, is the name of the issuing country ‘ESPAÑA’; underneath it, the year of issuance ‘2016’. At the top right is the mint mark. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[194]	Germany	Zwinger Palace in Dresden Eleventh of the Bundesländer I series	30,663,000 coins	5 February 2016
[194]	Description: The design shows a view of the world-famous Zwinger Palace in Dresden, namely of the inner yard giving way to the Crown Gate. It includes the name ‘SACHSEN’ (Saxony) and the country code ‘D’ at the bottom, the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) as well as the engraver’s mark (the initials ‘JT’ for Jordi Truxa) at the top right and the year ‘2016’ at the top left. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[195]	France	XV European Football Championship	10,020,500 coins	5 February 2016
[195]	Description: The design of the coin features the Henri Delaunay Cup in the middle of an outline map of France, along with the two marks of the Paris Mint. The letters ‘RF’ for République Française (French Republic) are to the right of the map of France, and the name of the competition, ‘UEFA EURO 2016 France’, appears above it. Below the map, a football stands out in the foreground. All of this is set on a background that features graphical elements representing the competition. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[196]	Slovakia	Slovak Presidency of the Council of the European Union	1 million coins	7 March 2016
[196]	Description: The design centres on the coat of arms of the Slovak Republic, shown against a background of dynamic centripetal lines representing the position and importance of the Slovak Republic during its presidency of the Council of the European Union. To the right of the coat of arms: the year ‘2016’. Around the edge of the inner circle: the country name ‘SLOVENSKO’ (Slovakia) and the inscription ‘PREDSEDNÍCTVO SR V RADE EÚ’ (Slovak Presidency of the EU Council), separated by graphical symbols. The mint mark of Kremnica Mint, composed of the letters ‘MK’ between two die, and the stylised initials of the designer of the national side, Vladimír Pavlica, ‘VP’, are in the lower part of the composition. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[197]	Belgium	2016 Summer Olympics – Rio de Janeiro	375,000 coins	24 March 2016
[197]	Description: The coin depicts a stylized figure, the five Olympic rings and the inscription 'TEAM BELGIUM'.

[198]	San Marino	550 years since the death of Donatello	87,800 coins	5 April 2016
[198]	Description: The design depicts, in the foreground on the left, a portrait of David, being a detail of the bronze sculpture by Donatello. At centre top, the mintmark ‘R’; on the right, the name of the issuing country ‘SAN MARINO’; at bottom right, the inscription ‘Donatello’, the dates ‘1466-2016’ and, in the centre, the initials of the artist ‘MB’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[199]	Finland	90th anniversary of the death of Eino Leino	1 million coins	25 April 2016
[199]	Description: The centerpiece of the design is a flame and a poker pointed upward to the right. At the bottom left the mintmark "FI" identifying Finland and the inscription "Eino Leino".

[200]	Italy	550 years since the death of Donatello	1,500,000 coins	29 April 2016
[200]	Description: Head of Donatello’s David (detail of the bronze sculpture on display in the National Museum of Bargello, Florence). On the left, ‘RI’, the monogram of the Italian Republic’; on two lines below, ‘1466’ and ‘2016’. On the right, ‘C.M.’, the initials of the author Claudia Momoni; below, ‘DONATELLO’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[201]^[227]	Portugal	Portuguese athletes participating in the 2016 Summer Olympics	680,000 coins	3 May 2016
[201]^[227]	Description: The design shows an image based on the well-known artwork ‘Heart of Viana’, signed by the author Joana Vasconcelos, which was inspired by traditional jewellery from the north of Portugal (the area around the city of Viana do Castelo). It symbolises the Portuguese people’s support for the national team on the occasion of the Olympics. At the left and the right, in semi-circle, are the inscriptions ‘JOANA VASCONCELOS’ and ‘EQUIPA OLÍMPICA DE PORTUGAL 2016’, respectively. At the bottom is the mint mark ‘INCM’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[202]	Lithuania	Baltic Culture	1 million coins	3 May 2016
[202]	Description: The design shows an amber disc, one of the most characteristic symbols of the Baltic culture. The disc is decorated with a crosspiece of drilled dots — an ornament symbolising the world’s axis. At the top is the name of the issuing country ‘LIETUVA’, flanked by the mint mark and the year of issuance ‘2016’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[203]^[227]	Luxembourg	50 years of Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge	517,500 coins	6 May 2016
[203]^[227]	Description: The design shows the ‘Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge’, which is the main infrastructure connecting the city centre of Luxembourg to the urban quarter of Kirchberg, the location of the city’s European Union institutions. The French name of the bridge, ‘Pont Grande-Duchesse Charlotte’, is inscribed on the image of the bridge, and the year ‘1966’ appears directly beneath this text. At the top of the design, an image of the Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg; at its left, the year of issuance ‘2016’. At the bottom appears the name of the issuing country, ‘LUXEMBOURG’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[204]^[227]	Italy	2200 years since the death of Plautus	1,500,000 coins	21 May 2016
[204]^[227]	Description: Theatre masks representing two New Comedy characters, a young woman and a slave, from a mosaic of the second century AD (Capitoline Museums, Rome); around, the construction plan of a Roman theatre and ‘RI’, the monogram of the Italian Republic; on the left, ‘R’, and on the right, ‘LDS’, the initials of the author Luciana De Simoni; below, ‘184 A. C.’, ‘2016’ and ‘PLAUTO’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[205]	Belgium	Child Focus^[228]	1,020,000 coins	25 May 2016
[205]	Description: The coin displays the face of a child with the words 'MISSING-DISPARU-VERMIST', 'WWW.CHILDFOCUS.BE' and the trilingual indication of nationality 'BELGIQUE-BELGIE-BELGIEN' followed by the year 2016. The Child Focus organisation and the Royal Mint of Belgium have issued a 2 euro coin on the occasion of Missing Children's day, an annual event on 25 May.

[206]	Monaco	150th anniversary of the founding of Monte Carlo by Charles III	15,000 coins	1 June 2016
[206]	Description: The design shows CHARLES III within the background MONTE CARLO. At the top is the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’ flanked by the mint mark and the mint master mark. At the bottom, in semi-circle from left to right is the inscription ‘1866 CHARLES III FONDE MONTE CARLO 2016’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[207]	Vatican City	The 200th anniversary of the Vatican Guard	105,000 coins	2 June 2016
[207]	Description: The national face features a Vatican Guard in front of the Dome of St. Peter’s Basilica. At the top, in semi-circle is the inscription ‘CORPO DELLA GENDARMERIA 1816-2016’. At the bottom, in semi-circle is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. The mint mark ‘R’ appears at the left of the design and the name of the designer ‘D. Longo’ appears at the right. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[208]	Slovenia	The 25th anniversary of independence of the Republic of Slovenia	1 million coins	20 June 2016
[208]	Description: Over the left part of the inner circle is obliquely positioned a line. At its right, in the upper part of the coin is the inscription ‘25 LET’ and below it the inscription ‘REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA’. Underneath these inscriptions is the original Prešeren’s written record of the part of the Slovenian hymn Zdravljica ‘dočákat’ dan’. At the bottom of the inner circle is the year ‘2016’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[209]	Latvia	Latvian agricultural industry	1,010,000 coins	19 July 2016
[209]	Description: The designs shows a Latvian brown cow which is one of the symbols of Latvian dairy farming both in folklore and in life. Underneath the design, at the left side there is the inscription of the year of issuance ‘2016’ and at the bottom of the inner circle the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[210]	Portugal	50 years since inauguration of 25 April Bridge	500,000 coins	19 July 2016
[210]	Description: The design depicts the image of the bridge. At the top right is the inscription ‘PORTUGAL’. At the bottom right are the inscriptions ‘PONTE’, ‘25 DE ABRIL’, ‘1966’ and ‘2016’, one below the other. At the bottom left is the mintmark ‘INCM’ and at the bottom centre is the name of the designer ‘JOSÉ AURÉLIO’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[211]	Malta	Ġgantija First of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	350,000 coins	22 August 2016
[211]	Description: The coin depicts the Ġgantija Temples situated on the Island of Gozo. Ġgantija is a megalithic temple complex dating to the Neolithic ages. It is one of the world's oldest free-standing structures, as well as one of the oldest religious structures. Built approximately in the 36th century BC, Ġgantija pre-dates Stonehenge and the Egyptian Pyramids. At the top right the inscription ‘ĠGANTIJA TEMPLES’ and underneath the years ‘3600-3200 BC’. At the bottom left the name of the country of issuance ‘MALTA’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2016’, flanked by the mint master mark and the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[212]	France	100 years since the birth of François Mitterrand	10,020,000 coins	12 September 2016
[212]	Description: The design shows a profile of a pensive François Mitterrand. Adjacent is his personal emblem of a half oak/half olive tree. Above are the dates marking the centenary of his birth (‘1916’ and ‘2016’) and his name. At the bottom, the indication of the issuing country ‘RF’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[213]	San Marino	400 years since the death of William Shakespeare	85,000 coins	22 September 2016
[213]	Description: The design depicts a portrait of the poet. On the right, in a semi-circle, the dates ‘1616-2016’ and the name of the issuing country ‘San Marino’; on the bottom right, the initials of the artist ‘MB’. On the left, in a semi-circle, the inscription ‘William Shakespeare’; on the bottom left, the mintmark ‘R’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[214]	Vatican City	Holy Year of Mercy	105,000 coins	13 October 2016
[214]	Description: The national face features St Martin of Tours sharing his cloak with a poor man. The design is surrounded by the inscriptions ‘GIUBILEO DELLA MISERICORDIA’ at the left and ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’ at the right, both in semi-circle. At the right there is as well the year of issuance ‘2016’ and at the bottom the mint mark ‘R’ and the name of the artist ‘M. CRISCIOTTI’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[215]	Finland	100th anniversary of the birth of Georg Henrik von Wright	1 million coins	17 October 2016
[215]	Description: At the inner part of the coin is an ancient Doric pillar, and an oak branch at the left. The inscription ‘GEORG HENRIK VON WRIGHT’ is placed in semi-circle from left to right and the year of issuance ‘2016’ is placed on the top at the right. On the top at the left is the indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ and the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[216]	Latvia	Vidzeme First of the Latvian Historical Regions series	1,030,000 coins	15 November 2016
[216]	Description: The designs shows the coat of arms of the historical region of Latvia — Vidzeme or Livland. At the top there is the inscription of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ and at the bottom the inscription ‘VIDZEME’. At the right is the year of issuance ‘2016’. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[217]	Malta	Solidarity through love First of the From Children in Solidarity series	380,000 coins	5 December 2016
[217]	Description: This coin is envisaged to commemorate the role of the Malta Community Chest Fund in Society through a programme for secondary school students entitled ‘From Children in Solidarity’. This programme identifies the social role of children in five different areas with the first theme being ‘Solidarity through Love’. This design was created by Ms Sarah Cilia a secondary school student who has expressed this theme through two hands forming a heart shape which displays a representation of the Maltese flag. At the bottom of the design is the inscription ‘MALTA 2016’. Two stylised representations of human bodies are designed on the left wrist and two on the right one. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[218]	Greece	150 years since the Arkadi Monastery torching	750,000 coins	16 December 2016
[218]	Description: The design features the Arkadi Monastery. Inscribed, at centre, is the wording ‘ARKADI MONASTERY’ and along the inner edge at left ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’, in Greek. Visible at upper right is the year of issuance ‘2016’ and below the central inscription a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek Mint). Inscribed at lower right is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[219]	Greece	120 years since the birth of Dimitri Mitropoulos	750,000 coins	16 December 2016
[219]	Description: The design features the portrait of Dimitri Mitropoulos against the background of music notes. Inscribed along the inner edge at left is the wording ‘120 YEARS OF THE BIRTH OF DIMITRI MITROPOULOS’ and ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’, in Greek. At upper left appears the year of issuance ‘2016’ and a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek Mint). Visible at lower right is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[220]	Andorra	25th anniversary of the Radio and Television of Andorra	85,000 coins	1 June 2017
[220]	Description: The design shows a microphone and an antenna circled by several circular lines with the inscription ‘25è ANIVERSARI DE RÀDIO I TELEVISIÓ D’ANDORRA’, the year of issuance ‘2016’ and the name of the State of issuance ‘ANDORRA’. This commemorative coin celebrates the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Andorran public media with the beginning of the broadcast of the Andorran public radio and public television. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

[221]	Andorra	150 years of the New Reform 1866	85,000 coins	1 June 2017
[221]	Description: The design shows the main room of ‘Casa de la Vall’ (premises of the Andorran Parliament) with the inscription ‘150 ANYS DE LA NOVA REFORMA DE 1866’, the year of issuance ‘2016’ and the name of the State of issuance ‘ANDORRA’. This commemorative coin celebrates the 150 years of the New Reform Decree, one of the biggest steps on the Andorran and on the Consell General (Andorran Parliament) history, which represented a social and political transformation in the Principality of Andorra. The coin’s outer ring bears the 12 stars of the European Union.

2017 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[222]	Luxembourg	50 years since the foundation of the current Luxembourg Army	316,000 coins	2 January 2017
[222]	Description: The design shows on the right hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the right and on the left hand the text ‘50 Joer Fräiwëllegen-Arméi’ composed as logo. At the top of the design is depicted the year-date ‘2017’, flanked by the mintmark and the initials of the Mintmaster. At the bottom appears the name of the issuing country ‘LËTZEBUERG’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[223]	Slovakia	Universitas Istropolitana – 550 years since the start of teaching	1 million coins	4 January 2017
[223]	Description: The design shows the figure of a teacher and two students positioned before the facade of the building of the former Universitas Istropolitana in Bratislava. In the upper left of the design is a medallion of King Matthias Corvinus, the founder of the university. Above the medallion is the inscription ‘1467’, the year in which the university was opened. The country of issuance ‘SLOVENSKO’ appears at the base of the inner circle, above the year of issuance ‘2017’. Along the left edge of the inner circle is the inscription ‘UNIVERZITA’, and along the right edge ‘ISTROPOLITANA’. In the lower left of the design is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the initials ‘MK’ placed between two dies. Below the mint mark are the stylised letters ‘MP’, the initials of the designer, Mária Poldaufová. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[224]	Slovenia	10th anniversary of the adoption of the Euro	1 million coins	2 February 2017
[224]	Description: The design shows 10 flying swallows which form a circle. At the lower half, in semi-circle, the inscription ‘10 LET SKUPNE EVROPSKE VALUTE’. At the top left the inscription ‘SLOVENIJA 2017’. Between the isncriptions is engraved a dot. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[225]	Spain	Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of Asturias: Santa María del Naranco Eighth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	538,500 coins	3 February 2017
[225]	Description: The design depicts in the foreground Santa Maria del Naranco Church. At the top of the inner circle and in circular sense is the name of the issuing country ‘ESPAÑA’ and underneath, to the right, the year of issuance ‘2017’. At the left side of the inner circle is the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[226]	Germany	Porta Nigra in Trier Twelfth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	3 February 2017
[226]	Description: The design shows the Porta Nigra in Trier which is probably the best-preserved Roman city gate north of the Alps. The inner part also features the name ‘RHEINLAND-PFALZ’ and the issuing country’s code ‘D’ at the bottom. The mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) appears at the left and the year ‘2017’ appears at the top. At the right, the initials of the designer ‘CH’ (Chocola Frantisek). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[227]	France	100 years since the death of Auguste Rodin	10 million coins	3 February 2017
[227]	Description: The design represents Auguste Rodin and The Thinker, his best known work, like forehead to forehead. The RF mention standing for République Française is drawn as sculpted on the top of the coin. The name of the artist ‘A. Rodin’ and the relevant dates ‘1917-2017’ are inscribed in his beard. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[228]	Italy	400 years since the completion of St Mark's Basilica	1,500,000 coins	22 March 2017
[228]	Description: Façade of the Basilica of San Marco in Venice; in the exergue the dates ‘1617’ and ‘2017’, respectively year of the completion of the Basilica and year of the issue of the coin, beside the logo of the Italian Republic ‘RI’; below the inscription ‘SAN MARCO’; on the right ‘LDS’, initials of the author Luciana De Simoni; on the top the inscription ‘VENEZIA’, and the mintmark of the Mint of Rome ‘R’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[229]	San Marino	750 years since the birth of Giotto	73,100 coins	30 March 2017
[229]	Description: On the left a detail from the clock tower of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, one of Giotto’s architectural works; vertically, the words SAN MARINO, GIOTTO and the dates 1267-2017; on the right a detail from the portrait of Giotto and the abbreviation of the artist Luciana De Simoni (LDS); on the bottom, the letter R, indicating the ‘Zecca’ (mint) of Rome. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[230]	Belgium	200 years University of Liège	200,000 coins	21 April 2017
[230]	Description: The inner part of the piece represents the logo of the University of Liege, with the dates 1817 — 2017 below, surrounded by the inscription 200 ANS UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE — 200 YEARS UNIVERSITY OF LIEGE and the country indication BE. The mintmark of Brussels, a helmeted head of the Archangel Michael and the mint directors’ mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele, are located respectively on the right and left of the country indication. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[231]	Malta	Ħaġar Qim Second of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	405,000 coins	31 May 2017
[231]	Description: The coin depicts the prehistoric temples of Hagar Qim. At the top right the inscriptions ‘HAGAR QIM’, ‘TEMPLES’ and the years ‘3600-3200 BC’ one under the other. At the bottom left the name of the country of issuance ‘MALTA’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2017’. At the bottom right the initials ‘NGB’ of the artist Noel Galea Bason. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[232]	Finland	100 years of independence	2,500,000 coins	1 June 2017
[232]	Description: The inner part of the coin has a mosaic design, with the more sparsely set pieces on the right forming a cartographic likeness of Finland. The text ‘SUOMI FINLAND’, the year of independence ‘1917’ and the year of issuance ‘2017’ are placed vertically one below another at the left. In the middle right is the indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ and the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[233]	Vatican City	1950 years since the death of the martyrs Saint Peter and Paul the Apostle	90,000 coins	1 June 2017
[233]	Description: The design features Saint Peter and Saint Paul and their symbols, respectively the keys and the sword. At the top is the inscription ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’, in semi-circle. At the bottom, in semi-circle is the inscription ‘1950o DEL MARTIRIO DEI SANTI PIETRO E PAOLO’. At the bottom left is the year of issuance ‘2017’ and at the bottom right is the mint mark ‘R’. Between them is the name of the artist ‘G. TITOTTO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[234]	Italy	2000 years since the death of Titus Livius	1,500,000 coins	23 June 2017
[234]	Description: Bust of the Roman historian Titus Livius, taken from a work by Lorenzo Larese Moretti; on the left the logo of the Italian Republic ‘RI’, and ‘C.M.’ initials of the author Claudia Momoni; on the right ‘17’ and ‘2017’, respectively year of the death of Livius and year of the issue of the coin, and the mintmark of the Mint of Rome ‘R’; around circle of dots and the inscription ‘TITO • LIVIO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[235]	Estonia	Estonia's road to independence	1,500,000 coins	26 June 2017
[235]	Description: The coin features the sinuous trunk of an oak tree where on one side there are depicted the branches and on the other side the leaves. The branches symbolize the time of revolutions and hardships from which the road to Estonia's Independence was paved. The leaves symbolize the strength, achievements and longevity of Estonia. At the bottom left side of the trunk there is the word ‘MAAPÄEV’ (Provisional Assembly of Estonia) and above that the year ‘1917’. At the bottom right side there is the name of the issuing country ‘EESTI’ and below that the year of issuance ‘2017’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[236]	Greece	60 years since the death of Nikos Kazantzakis	750,000 coins	10 July 2017
[236]	Description: The design features a profile portrait of Nikos Kazantzakis, one of Greece’s greatest 20th century writers. Inscribed along the inner circle, at the left, is the wording ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’ and the name ‘NIKOS KAZANTZAKIS’ (in Greek). At the top is the year of issuance ‘2017’ and at centre left a palmette (the mint mark of the Greek Mint). Also visible at lower right is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[237]	Portugal	150 years of Public Security (PSP)	520,000 coins	13 July 2017
[237]	Description: The design shows human figures and buildings, symbolic representations of citizens and cities, where the public security is mainly assured and the simplified police symbol. The legends include the year ‘1867’ and the year of issue ‘2017’, the country of issue ‘PORTUGAL’, the subject of commemoration (‘SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA’ – Public Security), the three main issues related to citizenship (‘DIREITOS’, ‘LIBERDADES’ e ‘GARANTIAS’ – Rights, Freedoms and Warranties), and the author’s name JOSÉ DE GUIMARÃES. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[238]	San Marino	International year of Sustainable Tourism	73,100 coins	31 August 2017
[238]	Description: The design shows in the center Planet Earth surrounded by waves; to the right a circle with the letter A, symbol of the designer Andrew Lewis. Arched, above the writing “TURISMO SOSTENIBILE”, below “SAN MARINO” and the year “2017”; to the right the initials of the engraver Uliana Pernazza “UP INC.”; to the left the letter “R” of the Italian Mint which took care of the mintage. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[239]	Lithuania	Vilnius City of Culture	1 million coins	31 August 2017
[239]	Description: The design shows a fragment of the Vilnius city panorama. At the left side is the inscription ‘VILNIUS’ and the mark of the designer. At the top right is the name of the issuing country ‘LIETUVA’ and the year of issuance ‘2017’. At the centre is the mintmark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[240]	France	25 years of Breast cancer awareness	10 million coins	25 September 2017
[240]	Description: The design represents a woman’s bust symbolically protected by a hand and the ribbon. It is surrounded, at the right side, by the inscription ‘25e ANNIVERSAIRE DU RUBAN ROSE’ (25th anniversary of the pink ribbon). The right side also features the years ‘1992 – 2017’, the indication of the issuing country ‘RF’ and the mintmarks. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[241]	Belgium	200 years Ghent University	200,000 coins	29 September 2017
[241]	Description: The inner part of the piece represents the logo of the Ghent University, with the dates 1817 - 2017 below, surrounded by the inscription 200 JAAR UNIVERSITEIT GENT – 200 YEARS GHENT UNIVERSITY and the country indication BE. The mintmark of Brussels, a helmeted head of the Archangel Michael and the mint directors’ mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele, are located respectively on the right and left of the country indication. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[242]	Vatican City	100 years since the visions of Fátima	105,000 coins	5 October 2017
[242]	Description: The design features the three young shepherds to whom Mary appeared, on the background the Sanctuary of Fatima. At the top is the inscription ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’ in semi-circle and right under is the year ‘1917’. Underneath the year, from left to right, is the inscription ‘FATIMA 2017’. At the left side is the mintmark ‘R’ and at the bottom the name of the designer ‘O.ROSSI’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[243]	Greece	Archaeological site of Philippi	750,000 coins	12 October 2017
[243]	Description: The design features part of Basilica B and linear motifs inspired by a border pattern from an ancient Greek mosaic discovered at the site. Inscribed along the inner circle is the wording ‘ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF PHILIPPI’ and ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’ (in Greek). Also inscribed in the background is the year of issuance ‘2017’ and to the right a palmette (the mint mark of the Greek Mint). Visible at the lower left is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[244]	Finland	Finnish nature	500,000 coins	23 October 2017
[244]	Description: The inner part of the coin has a design forming a cartographic likeness of the moon seen from Harmaja, Finland. On the top of the moon there is a crow sitting on a branch. The year of issuance ‘2017’ is placed at the center bottom. At the center left is the indication of the issuing country ‘FI’. The mint mark is placed center right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[245]	Luxembourg	200 years since the birth of Grand Duke William III	311,000 coins	26 October 2017
[245]	Description: The design shows on the left hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the left and on the right hand the effigy of HRH the Grand-Duke Guillaume III. At the top of the design is depicted the year-date ‘2017’. At the bottom appears the text ‘GRANDS-DUCS DE LUXEMBOURG’. The name ‘GUILLAUME III’ followed by the indication of the year of birth ‘*1817’ is depicted above the respective effigy. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[246]	Cyprus	Paphos, European Capital of Culture 2017	430,000 coins	3 November 2017
[246]	Description: The design shows the ‘Paphos Ancient Odeon’, a small amphiteatre dating back to the 2nd century AD. Nowadays it is used in the summer for musical theatrical performances and it will be the venue of a number of events to be held within the program of ‘Paphos 2017 – European Capital of Culture’. The issuing country’s name ‘ΚΥΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS’ and the phrase ‘Πάφος 2017 – Πολιτιστική πρωτεύουσα Ευρώπης’ (i.e. Paphos 2017 – European capital of Culture) are inscribed on the inner part of the national side of the coin. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[247]	Monaco	200 years since the establishment of the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince	15,000 coins	13 November 2017
[247]	Description: The design shows a CARABINIER and in the background the Palace of Monaco. At the top is the inscription ‘MONACO’ flanked by the mintmark and the mint master mark. At the bottom are the years ‘1817-2017’ and underneath the inscription ‘CARABINIERS DU PRINCE’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[248]	Malta	Solidarity and peace Second of the From Children in Solidarity series	380,000 coins	13 November 2017
[248]	Description: The coin’s theme centres on the concept of solidarity and peace. The design was created by a school student and depicts two children holding the Maltese flag with the dove of peace flying over them. At the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘Malta’ and at the right side is the year of issuance ‘2017’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[249]	Latvia	Kurzeme Second of the Latvian Historical Regions series	507,000 coins	14 November 2017
[249]	Description: The design shows the coat of arms of the region of Kurzeme. At the top, the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ and at the bottom the inscription ‘KURZEME’. At the right hand side, the year of issuance ‘2017’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[250]	Latvia	Latgale Third of the Latvian Historical Regions series	507,000 coins	14 November 2017
[250]	Description: The design shows the coat of arms of the region of Latgale. At the top, the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ and at the bottom the inscription ‘LATGALE’. At the right hand side, the year of issuance ‘2017’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[251]	Portugal	150 years since the birth of Raul Brandão	520,000 coins	21 November 2017
[251]	Description: The design shows the face of Raul Brandão. At the left side is the inscription RAUL BRANDÃO and underneath the years ‘1867’ and ‘2017’. At the bottom right is the inscription of the country of issuance ‘PORTUGAL’ and at the top right is the name of the author ‘LUIS FILIPE DE ABREU’ followed by the mintmark ‘INCM’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[252]	Andorra	100 years of the anthem of Andorra	85,000 coins	8 February 2018
[252]	Description: The design depicts a partial reproduction of the anthem of Andorra published in 1914. The central part of the design reproduces the first notes of the anthem flanked by an ornamentation of floral style and the inscription ‘Himne Andorrà’ (Andorran anthem). The upper part of the design shows the year of issuance ‘2017’ and the inscription ‘100 anys de l’himne d’Andorra’ (100 years of the anthem of Andorra). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[253]	Andorra	Andorra – The Pyrenean country	85,000 coins	8 February 2018
[253]	Description: The design reproduces on its upper part a triangle, consisting of three undulating strips representing a simplified version of the map of the country, with the inscriptions ‘Andorra’ and ‘EL PAÍS DELS PIRINEUS’ (the Pyrenean country). These three elements make up the brand owned by the Government of Andorra, which is used to provide a uniform, consistent and coordinated image to all graphic communication and, at the same time, achieve an unmistakable and instant identification. The lower part of the design depicts the year of issuance ‘2017’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2018 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[254]	Austria	100 years since the foundation of the Republic of Austria	18,100,100 coins	6 December 2017
[254]	Description: The design depicts the statue of Pallas Athena in front of the Greek-style building of the Austrian Parliament in Vienna. The goddess of wisdom serves as a symbol of the Austrian parliamentarism and stands for knowledge, reason and strategic talent. At the left side is the year ‘2018’ and underneath the text ‘100 JAHRE’ (100 YEARS). The text ‘REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH’ (AUSTRIAN REPUBLIC) is inscribed at the bottom right in semi-circle. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[255]	Luxembourg	150 years since the Constitution of Luxembourg	316,000 coins	27 December 2017
[255]	Description: The design shows on the left hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand-Duke Henri, looking to the right. At the right hand of the design are depicted the year-dates ‘1868-2018’ as well as the text ‘150 ans’. Below the effigy of the Grand-Duke appear the text ‘Constitution du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg’ and a lateral cut view of an open booklet. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[256]	Italy	70 years since the Constitution of Italy	4 million coins	2 January 2018
[256]	Description: Enrico De Nicola, provisional Head of State, signs the act of promulgation of the Constitution of the Italian Republic on December 27, 1947; on his right, the Head of Government Alcide De Gasperi, on the left, Umberto Terracini, President of the Italian Constituent Assembly. Above, the inscription ‘COSTITUZIONE’ and the monogram of the Italian Republic ‘RI’; in exergue, the inscription ‘CON SICURA COSCIENZA’, ‘R’, the mintmark of the Mint of Rome, and the dates ‘1948 • 2018’, respectively year of the coming into force of the Italian Constitution and year of the issue of the coin. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[257]	Slovakia	25th anniversary of the establishment of the Slovak Republic	1 million coins	3 January 2018
[257]	Description: The design symbolises Slovakia’s entry into the European Union and the euro area by showing a stylised portal arching over both a map of Slovakia and a euro symbol surrounded by the European Union stars, some covered by the map. The Slovak coat of arms appears on the left of the design. At the lower left side, in semi-circle is the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA’. The date of the country’s establishment ‘1.1.1993’ and the year of issuance ‘2018’ appear, one above the other, below the right side of the map. Between the map and the date are the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the initials ‘MK’ placed between two dies, and the stylised letters ‘PK’, the initials of the designer, Pavel Károly. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag

[258]	Germany	100 years since the birth of Helmut Schmidt	30 million coins	30 January 2018
[258]	Description: The design portrays Helmut Schmidt in a characteristic pose as he engages in dialogue with his interlocutor. In semi-circle at the top right the inscription ‘HELMUT SCHMIDT’ and at the right side the years ‘1918-2015’. The mint mark of the respective mint appears underneath the years. At the left side is the code of the issuing country ‘D’ and underneath is the year of issuance ‘2018’. At the bottom there are the initials of the artist. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[259]	Germany	Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin Thirteenth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	30 January 2018
[259]	Description: The design shows the main building of the Charlottenburg Palace from the side of the Cour d' Honneur. The inner part also features the name ‘BERLIN’ and the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) at the bottom, the issuing country's country code ‘D’ right at the top, the year ‘2018’ left at the top and the engraver's mark left at the bottom. The coin's outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[260]	Estonia	100 years since independence Joint issue with Latvia and Lithuania	500,000 coins	31 January 2018
[260]	Description: The three Baltic States are symbolically represented as a braid. They are united by their history: a common past, present and future. A stylised numeral representing the 100th anniversary, and the heraldic signs of all three States, are featured as well. At the left side is the name of the issuing country ‘EESTI’ and at the right side is the year of issuance ‘2018’. The design was selected by public voting in all three Baltic countries. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[261]	Latvia	100 years since independence Joint issue with Estonia and Lithuania	512,000 coins	31 January 2018
[261]	Description: The three baltic States are symbolically represented as a braid. They are united by their history: a common past, present and future. A stylized numeral representing the 100th anniversary, and the heraldic signs of all three States, are featured as well. At the left side is the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ and at the right side is the year of issuance ‘2018’. The design was selected by public voting in all three Baltic countries. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[262]	Lithuania	100 years since independence Joint issue with Estonia and Latvia	1 million coins	31 January 2018
[262]	Description: The three Baltic States are symbolically represented as a braid. They are united by their history: a common past, present and future. A stylised numeral representing the 100th anniversary, and the heraldic signs of all three States, are featured as well. At the left side is the name of the issuing country ‘LIETUVA’ and the mint mark and at the right side is the year of issuance ‘2018’ and the mark of the designer ‘JP’. The design was selected by public voting in all three Baltic countries. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[263]	Spain	50 years since the birth of Felipe VI of Spain	400,000 coins	2 February 2018
[263]	Description: The design reproduces King Felipe VI’s coat of arms. On the left hand side, in semi-circle, is the word ‘ESPAÑA’ and below the year of issuance 2018. At the bottom right, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘50 ANIVERSARIO DE S.M. FELIPE VI’. The mint mark is represented at the top right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[264]	Spain	Old town of Santiago de Compostela Ninth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	300,000 coins	2 February 2018
[264]	Description: The design reproduces the sculpture of Santiago as a central figure in the canvas of the Puerta Santa of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral. On the left hand side, in semi-circle, is the word “ESPAÑA”, at the bottom left the year of issuance “2018” and underneath the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[265]	Estonia	100 years since independence	1,317,800 coins	19 February 2018
[265]	Description: The design depicts simultaneously the numbers 18 and 100, which symbolize the time when Estonia became an independent country and furthermore reflect the past hundred years. At the bottom right is the text ‘SADA AASTAT EESTI VABARIIKI’ and next to it the name of the country ‘EESTI’ and the year of issuance ‘2018’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[266]	France	Bleuet de France	10,020,000 coins	19 February 2018
[266]	Description: The design features the cornflower in the centre of the coin. It is surrounded by the words ‘Le Bleuet de France, fleur de mémoire et de solidarité’ (Bleuet of France, flower of remembrance and solidarity). The dates ‘1918-2018’ as well as the letters RF for République Française (French Republic) and the mint marks are also included in the design. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[267]	Italy	60 years since the formation of the Ministry of Health	3 million coins	5 March 2018
[267]	Description: The design shows an allegorical representation of Health with some symbols of the activities of the Ministry: Environment, Research, Nutrition and Medicine. On the left the logo ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic; above the mintmark of the Mint of Rome ‘R’; at the base of the female figure the initials of the author Silvia Petrassi. From left to right, in semi-circle, the inscription ‘MINISTERO DELLA SALUTE’ and the dates ‘1958-2018’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[268]	San Marino	500 years since the birth of Tintoretto	60,500 coins	5 April 2018
[268]	Description: The centre of the coin depicts a detail from Tintoretto’s painting ‘The Visitation’ (the embrace between the Virgin Mary and Elizabeth), and the dates ‘1518-2018’; at the edge: ‘SAN MARINO’ written above, and ‘Tintoretto’ below; on the left are the initials of the artist Luciana de Simoni ‘LDS’ and the letter ‘R’ identifying the Mint of Rome. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[269]	Andorra	25th anniversary of the Andorran Constitution	75,000 coins	12 April 2018
[269]	Description: The design depicts the ‘Monument to the Men and Women of Andorra who launched the Constitution’, which stands in the square of the Consell General (Andorra’s Parliament). This monument shows the silhouettes of a man and a woman and commemorates the will expressed by the Andorran citizenry, in the referendum held on 14 March 1993, to become a constitutional state, democratic and social, as expressed in article 1 of the Constitution. To the right of the monument there is the map of Andorra with the Latin inscription ‘VIRTVS VNITA FORTIOR’ (virtue united is stronger) inside, which is the state motto of the Principality of Andorra. Surrounding the design there are the inscriptions ‘25è ANIVERSARI DE LA CONSTITUCIÓ 1993-2018’ (25th anniversary of the Constitution 1993-2018) and the name of the country ‘ANDORRA’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[270]	Slovenia	World Bees Day	1 million coins	14 May 2018
[270]	Description: In the middle of the inner ring of the coin is the image of honeycomb in a form of a globe, which shows the eastern hemisphere. Around the honeycomb on the left upper side is the inscription ‘SVETOVNI DAN ČEBEL’, and on the lower right side the inscription ‘SLOVENIJA 2018’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[271]	Portugal	250 years since the foundation of the Imprensa Nacional Casa da Moeda	520,000 coins	22 May 2018
[271]	Description: The design displays the inscription ‘1768-2018 IMPRENSA NACIONAL DUZENTOS E CINQUENTA 250 ANOS PORTUGAL MMXVIII’ as if the letters and numbers were books displayed in a library. At the bottom of the inner ring there is the name of the artist ‘Eduardo Aires’ at the left side and the mintmark ‘INCM’ at the right side. The Official Printing Works are responsible with the publication of the Portuguese Official Journal containing all the legislative activity of the country, books of the highest cultural relevance, and other cultural activities. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[272]	Finland	Koli National Park	1 million coins	28 May 2018
[272]	Description: The design shows a drawing from the top of the Finnish national landscape Koli. The year of issuance ‘2018’ is placed at the center bottom. The indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ is at the center left and the mint mark at the center right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[273]	Vatican City	European Year of Cultural Heritage	86,000 coins	1 June 2018
[273]	Description: The design features the Statue of Laocoön and His Sons, also called the Laocoön Group, a fundamental work of the world sculpture, foundational for the Vatican Museums. At the center bottom, the inscription of the issuing country ‘Città del VATICANO’. From left to right, in semi-circle, the inscription ‘ANNO EUROPEO DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURALE’. At the top right the year of issuance ‘2018’ and the mintmark ‘R’. At the bottom right the name of the artist ‘D. LONGO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[274]	Belgium	50th anniversary of May 1968 events in Belgium	257,500 coins	19 June 2018
[274]	Description: The design represents students with a pamphlet and flag in their hands and refers to student demonstrations that took place in Belgium in connection with the sociocultural changes of May 1968. The mintmark of Utrecht (the Mercury’s wand) is located on the left together with the Belgian mint master mark (the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele). The year mark 2018 and the country code BE are located at the left as well, just like the initials LL of the designer of the coin, Mr Luc Luycx. An auditorium marks the back, which is a reference to students. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[275]	Malta	Mnajdra Third of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	335,000 coins	21 June 2018
[275]	Description: The design features the Maltese prehistoric temples of Mnajdra, a Unesco World Heritage Site. Mnajdra is a prehistoric site consisting of three temples nestled around an oval forecourt. It is situated on the Southern coast of Malta, some 500 meters away from Hagar Qim. Mnajdra is best known for its astronomical alignments and the South temple seems to have been constructed to mark the sunrise on the equinox and the solstice. The Oldest parts of this complex date around 3 600-3 200 BC. At the top right of the design there are the inscriptions ‘MNAJDRA’, ‘TEMPLES’ and the years ‘3 600-2 500 BC’, one underneath the other. At the bottom left there is the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ and underneath there is the year of issuance ‘2018’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[276]	Monaco	250 years since the birth of François Joseph Bosio	16,000 coins	25 June 2018
[276]	Description: The design shows Mr BOSIO and a statue as the background image. The inscription ‘MONACO’ is at the top of the image in semi-circle. At the bottom, in semi-circle as well, there are two inscriptions: ‘FRANÇOIS JOSEPH BOSIO’ and underneath ‘1768 – SCULPTEUR - 2018’. At the left and right sides of these two inscriptions, there are the mintmark and the mint master mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[277]	Lithuania	Lithuania's Independence Centenary Song Celebration	500,000 coins	26 June 2018
[277]	Description: The design features stylised figures of people and birds, typical of one of the Lithuanian folk art genres — paper cuttings, symbolic of folk dance and song. The inscription of the issuing country ‘LIETUVA’ is at the center bottom, the year of issuance ‘2018’ is at the left hand side and the mark of the Lithuanian Mint is at the right hand side. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[278]	France	Simone Veil	15 million coins	26 June 2018
[278]	Description: The design displays a portrait of Simone Veil, an icon in the combat for women’s rights. Simone Veil, born Jacob, left us in June 2017 at the age of 89. After surviving deportation to Auschwitz, she went on to become one of the most important actors in Europe’s building. Her deportation registration number appears on her collar. The background depicts the European Parliament on which her name, key dates, indication of the country ‘RF’, year of issuance ‘2018’ and the mintmarks are inscribed. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[279]	Portugal	250 years since the foundation of Ajuda Botanical Garden	520,000 coins	25 July 2018
[279]	Description: The design shows a very old Dracaena tree that is in the Ajuda Botanical Garden premises and is a symbol of the garden. At the top of the design, from left to right, in semi-circle, there is the inscription ‘250 ANOS JARDIM BOTÂNICO DA AJUDA’. At the bottom, from left to right, in semi-circle, there is the isncription ‘PORTUGAL 2018’. Right underneath the image of the trees, at the left side, there are the initials of the artist ‘J. FAZENDA’ and at the right side the mintmark ‘INCM’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[280]	Luxembourg	175 years since the death of Grand Duke William I	311,000 coins	26 August 2018
[280]	Description: The design shows on the right hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand Duke Henri, looking to the left and on the left hand the effigy of HRH the Grand Duke Guillaume Ist. Between both effigies are depicted vertically the year-dates ‘1772-1843’ as well as the name ‘Guillaume Ier’. At the bottom appears the text ‘LUXEMBOURG’ and the year-date ‘2018’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[281]	San Marino	420 years since the birth of Gian Lorenzo Bernini	63,100 coins	20 September 2018
[281]	Description: The centre of the coin features a detail from Bernini’s sculpture ‘Bust of Costanza Bonarelli’, and the dates ‘1598-2018’; at the edge, on the left is the inscription ‘SAN MARINO’, on the right the inscription ‘BERNINI’, the letter ‘R’ identifying the Mint of Rome and the initials of the artist Annalisa Masini ‘A.M.’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[282]	Belgium	50 years since the launch of European satellite ESRO 2B	257,500 coins	20 September 2018
[282]	Description: The design shows the ESRO 2B satellite, the first successful satellite of the European Space Research Organization and launched in May 1968, circling around planet Earth. The mintmark of Utrecht (the Mercury’s wand) is located on the bottom together with the Belgian mint master mark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele, the country code BE and the initials LL referring to the designer of the coin, Mr Luc Luycx. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[283]	Latvia	Zemgale Fourth of the Latvian Historical Regions series	507,000 coins	26 September 2018
[283]	Description: The design shows the coat of arms of the region of Zemgale. At the top, the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ and at the bottom the inscription ‘ZEMGALE’. At the right hand side, the year of issuance ‘2018’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[284]	Vatican City	50 years since the death of Padre Pio	94,000 coins	4 October 2018
[284]	Description: The design features the right profile of a portrait of Padre Pio. At the top, from left to right, in semi-circle is the inscription of the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘Padre Pio’ and at its right the mint mark ‘R’. At the left hand of the design is the year ‘1968’ and at the right is the year of issuance ‘2018’. At the bottom left is the name of the artist ‘P.DANIELE’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[285]	Finland	Finnish Sauna culture	1 million coins	22 October 2018
[285]	Description: The design shows a Finnish landscape with a typical Finnish lakeside sauna placed in the centre. The year of issuance ‘2018’ is placed at the centre bottom. The indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ is at the centre left and the mint mark at the centre right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[286]	Greece	70th anniversary of the union of the Dodecanese with Greece	750,000 coins	25 October 2018
[286]	Description: The design features in the central part a rose, the canting badge of Rhodes, inspired from a coin minted by the ancient city of Rhodes, one of the most characteristic coins of the Dodecanese, with stylised waves fanning out from the centre. Inscribed along the inner edge is the wording ‘1948-2018 THE UNION OF THE DODECANESE WITH GREECE’ and ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’ (in Greek). Also visible at left is a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek mint) and, at right, the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[287]	Greece	75 years since the death of Kostis Palamas	750,000 coins	25 October 2018
[287]	Description: The design features a portrait of the Greek poet Kostis Palamas (1859-1943). Inscribed along the inner edge at left is the wording ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’ and the name ‘KOSTIS PALAMAS’ (in Greek). Also inscribed is a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek Mint) and the year of issuance ‘2018’. Visible at the lower right is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[288]	Malta	Cultural heritage Third of the From Children in Solidarity series	320,000 coins	7 November 2018
[288]	Description: The design was created by a school student and depicts a variety of themes intrinsic to Maltese heritage including: an allusion to the prehistoric temples, which are the world’s oldest free-standing structures, a church dome and spire, which is a characteristic feature of the Maltese town and village skyline and a representation of a traditional Maltese boat carrying a Maltese flag. The name of the issuing country ‘Malta’ is at the top of the inner circle of the coin and the year ‘2018’ at the bottom. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[289]	Andorra	70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights	75,000 coins	26 November 2018
[289]	Description: The design of the coin depicts seven staircases (representing the seven parishes or administrative divisions of Andorra) in the shape of mountains that lead to the valley, where there is the name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’ and the year of issue ‘2018’. These staircases are, at the same time, the branches of a tree symbolizing humankind, of which Andorra is an integral part. 30 leaves come out of the branches of this tree representing the 30 articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Catalan inscription ‘70 ANYS DE LA DECLARACIÓ UNIVERSAL DELS DRETS HUMANS’ (70 years of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) surrounds the design, strengthening this commemorative event. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2019 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[290]	Luxembourg	100th anniversary of Grand Duchess Charlotte's accession to the throne	306,000 coins	27 December 2018
[290]	Description: The design shows on the left hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand Duke Henri, and on the right hand the effigy of the Grand Duchess Charlotte. At the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘LUXEMBOURG’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2019’. At the top, in semi-circle around the effigies is the inscription ‘Centenaire de l’accession au trône de la Grande-Duchesse Charlotte’ (Centenary of the accession to the throne of Grand Duchess Charlotte). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[291]	Ireland	Centenary of the first sitting of Dáil Éireann	1 million coins	21 January 2019
[291]	Description: The design depicts the first sitting of Dáil Éireann in the Round Room. The large Round Room of the Mansion House arcs above the vast congregation of the nation’s first elected Dáil. The words ‘An Chéad Dáil’, at the centre of the design, together with the year ‘1919’ at the top, are inscribed in a traditional uncial font. At the bottom are inscribed the name of the country and the year of issuance ‘ÉIRE 2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[292]	Belgium	450 years since the death of Pieter Bruegel the Elder	155,000 coins	24 January 2019
[292]	Description: The inner part of the piece depicts the portrait of the famous Belgian artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder, together with a painting on an easel. Above this, you can find the name P. Bruegel, the years 1569, with a subtle obelisk referring to the year of death, and 2019, the year of issuance. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the left together with the Belgian mint director mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele, the country code BE. The initials LL referring to the designer of the coin, Mr Luc Luycx, are located on the right. Finally, around the edge of the inner part small dots form a circle. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[293]	Italy	500 years since the death of Leonardo da Vinci	3 million coins	25 January 2019
[293]	Description: The design shows a detail of the painting ‘Dama con l'ermellino’ (Lady with an Ermine) by Leonardo da Vinci (Czartoryski Museum in Krakow). On the left, the inscription ‘Leonardo’, the initials of the author Maria Angela Cassol ‘MAC’ and the logo ‘RI’ acronym of the Italian Republic; on the right, ‘R’, mintmark of the Mint of Rome and the dates ‘1519-2019’, respectively the year of Leonardo’s death and the year of the coin issuance. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[294]	Germany	70 years since the constitution of the Federal Council The Bundesländer I series was interrupted in 2019 and this coin was issued instead.	30,507,300 coins	29 January 2019
[294]	Description: The design shows a highly detailed and finely sculpted rendering of the Bundesrat building. The upper half of the coin’s inner section includes the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’), the artist’s initials and the year ‘2019’. The lower half of the coin’s inner section contains the inscription ‘BUNDESRAT’ and Germany’s issuing country code ‘D’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[295]	Spain	Old town of Ávila with its extra-muros churches Tenth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	500,000 coins	1 February 2019
[295]	Description: The design reproduces at the centre a detail of the Avila wall. At the top side circular ascending the word ‘ESPAÑA’, the year of issuance ‘2019’ and the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag

[296]	Andorra	2019 FIS Alpine Ski World Cup final	60,000 coins	11 March 2019
[296]	Description: The design of the coin shows in the foreground a skier sliding down a slope. In the background, four curved lines, from the official logo of these Ski World Cup Finals, represent the slopes where the competition will take place. Some snowflakes complete the design together with the inscription ‘FINALS DE LA COPA DEL MÓN D’ESQUÍ ANDORRA 2019’ (Andorra 2019 Ski World Cup Finals). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[297]	San Marino	500 years since the death of Leonardo da Vinci	54,150 coins	4 April 2019
[297]	Description: The centre of the coin depicts an angel painted by Leonardo da Vinci in ‘The Baptism of Christ’; at the edge, on the left is the inscription ‘SAN MARINO’, on the right the inscription ‘1519 Leonardo 2019’; on the left are the initials of the artist Uliana Pernazza ‘UP’ and on the bottom right, the letter ‘R’ identifying the Mint of Rome. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[298]	Slovakia	100 years since the death of Milan Rastislav Štefánik	1 million coins	25 April 2019
[298]	Description: The design features a portrait of Milan Rastislav Štefánik. To the left of the portrait are the dates of Štefánik’s birth ‘1880’ and death ‘1919’, one above the other. At the left side of the inner part of the coin, in semi-circle, are the name ‘MILAN RASTISLAV ŠTEFÁNIK’ and the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKO’. The year of issuance ‘2019’ is between the portrait and the right side. Below the year are the stylised letters ‘PV’, the initials of the designer, Peter Valach, and below them is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the letters ‘MK’ placed between two dies. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[299]	Vatican City	90th anniversary of the Foundation of the Vatican City State	79,000 coins	7 May 2019
[299]	Description: The design features a portrait of Pope Pius XI (Sovereign of the State in 1929) and the Lateran in Rome. At the top, from left to right, in semi-circle is the inscription of the issuing country ‘STATO DELLA CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the bottom are the years ‘1929’ and ‘2019’ and underneath the name of the artist ‘FUSCO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[300]	Portugal	500 years since the circumnavigation of Magellan	770,000 coins	8 May 2019
[300]	Description: The design depicts the effigy of Fernão De Magalhães. At the right side, in semicircle, is the inscription ‘CIRCUM NAVEGAÇÃO’ (circumnavigation) and underneath the inscription ‘1519 FERNÃO DE MAGALHÃES’. At the left side, in semicircle, is the year of issuance ‘2019’ and the name of the issuing country ‘PORTUGAL’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[301]	Belgium	25 years since the creation of the European Monetary Institute	155,000 coins	9 May 2019
[301]	Description: The inner part of the piece depicts the portrait Alexandre Lamfalussy, the first president of the EMI, on the right with his name below. On the left-hand side, the abbreviation EMI stands central with the year 1994 above, referring to date of the establishment of the Institute and the designation of Lamfalussy as its first president. Below ‘EMI’, several coins are depicted falling on each other with the inscription €, ‘ECU’ and ‘BEF’ from top to bottom. On the upper part of the left side of the coin is an inscription ‘European Monetary Institute’. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the left with the Belgian mint director mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele. The country code BE and the year mark 2019 are located on the bottom. The initials LL referring to the designer of the coin, Mr Luc Luycx, are inscribed on the right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[302]	Malta	Ta' Ħaġrat Temples Fourth of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	335,000 coins	13 May 2019
[302]	Description: The design features Ta’ Haġrat, a prehistoric temple located in Mġarr, a small village in the northwest of Malta. The temple consists of two structures the largest of which dates to around 3 600-3 200 BC. This temple has a monumental doorway, which is its most distinctive characteristic. The inscription ‘TA’HAĠRAT TEMPLES 3600-3000 BC’ appears at the top of the design. At the bottom are the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ and the year of issuance ‘2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[303]	Estonia	150th anniversary of the first Estonian Song Festival	1 million coins	29 May 2019
[303]	Description: The design is inspired by the Song Celebration procession, which moves like the waves on the sea with cheers of pride and joy and a panoply of national dress. The design unites music, national costumes, and the various sites of the great and powerful Song Celebration of the nation by the sea. The design also features the first notes of the Estonian national anthem and, at the bottom, the words ‘Laulupidu 150’ (Song Celebration 150). At the top is the year of issuance ‘2019’ and underneath the name of the issuing country ‘EESTI’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[304]	Portugal	600 years since the discovery of Madeira and Porto Santo	770,000 coins	6 June 2019
[304]	Description: The design depicts the Madeira Archipelago and the island of Porto Santo. In semicircle are the inscriptions ‘600 anos do Descobrimento da Madeira e de Porto Santo’ and ‘PORTUGAL 2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[305]	France	60 years since the creation of Asterix	310,000 coins	7 June 2019
[305]	Description: The design represents Asterix in profile wearing his famous winged helmet. He is surrounded by laurels and Roman inscriptions referring to his 60 years. At the top is the inscription ‘ASTERIX’ and underneath the indication of the issuing country ‘RF’ (standing for République Française). The year of issuance ‘2019’ is inscribed at the bottom, together with the French mintmark and mintmaster mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[306]	Lithuania	Sutartinės, Lithuanian songs	500,000 coins	10 July 2019
[306]	Description: The design features linear motifs, symbolising polyphonic melodies of the unique Lithuanian heritage — folk songs sutartinės. The lines are widening and narrowing again, spinning into a swirl decorated with various miniature geometric and nature figures. The inscription of the issuing country ‘LIETUVA’, as well as the inscription ‘SUTARTINĖS’ (Lithuanian multipart songs) and the year of issuance ‘2019’ are depicted in semicircle. The mark of the Lithuanian Mint is featured as well. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[307]	Greece	100 years since the birth of Manolis Andronikos	750,000 coins	11 July 2019
[307]	Description: The design features a portrait of Manolis Andronicos. Inscribed along the inner edge at left is the name ‘MANOLIS ANDRONICOS 1919-1992’, along with the minting year and a palmette (mintmark of the Greek Mint); inscribed along the inner edge at right is the wording ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’. Also visible at the right is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[308]	Greece	150 years since the death of Andreas Kalvos	750,000 coins	11 July 2019
[308]	Description: The national side of the coin features a portrait of Andreas Kalvos. Inscribed along the inner edge at the left is the name ‘ANDREAS KALVOS 1792-1869’, along with the minting year and a palmette (mintmark of the Greek Mint); inscribed along the inner edge at the right is the wording ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’. Also visible at the right is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[309]	San Marino	550 years since the death of Filippo Lippi	54,150 coins	29 August 2019
[309]	Description: The centre of the coin features the Madonna and Child, a detail from Filippo Lippi’s ‘Madonna and Child with Two Angels’; above are the inscriptions ‘SAN MARINO’ and ‘FILIPPO LIPPI’ and on the left are the year ‘1469’ and the letter ‘R’ identifying the Mint of Rome. On the bottom left are the initials of the artist Maria Angela Cassol ‘M.A.C.’, and in the centre the year ‘2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[310]	Lithuania	Samogitia First of the Lithuanian Ethnographical Regions series	500,000 coins	10 September 2019
[310]	Description: The design features a bear standing on its hind legs, with a chain collar on the neck. It has been depicted on the coat of arms of Samogitia since the 16th century. The bear is situated against a shield topped with a crown, which is held by an armoured soldier (a symbol of courage, sacrifice and patriotism) and a goddess with an anchor (a symbol of hope). Below is a Latin inscription ‘PATRIA UNA’ (one fatherland). The design is surrounded by the inscriptions ‘LIETUVA’ (Lithuania) and ‘ŽEMAITIJA’ (Samogitia), the year of issuance ‘2019’ and the mintmark of the Lithuanian Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[311]	Monaco	200th anniversary of Honoré's V accession to the throne	15,000 coins	12 September 2019
[311]	Description: The design shows the effigy of Prince Honoré V. At the left is the inscription ‘HONORÉ V’ and at the right the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’. At the bottom, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘1819 — Avènement — 2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[312]	Latvia	Coat of arms of Latvia's rising sun	307,000 coins	17 September 2019
[312]	Description: The coin is dedicated to the history of the Coat of arms of Latvia and features the motif of a rising sun. This motif was originally part of the design proposal for the symbol of the autonomous Latvia, created by artist Ansis Cīrulis in 1917. Later on this motif emerged as one of the basic elements of the Coat of arms of Latvia. The design shows the motif of the rising sun, with stylised letters B and L (an abbreviation from the words ‘Brīvā Latvija’ (Free Latvia)) in the centre. It also bears an inscription ‘UZLECOŠĀ SAULE’ (The rising sun), the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ and the year of issuance ‘2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[313]	Luxembourg	100 years of Universal Suffrage in Luxembourg	308,500 coins	19 September 2019
[313]	Description: The design shows on the left hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand Duke Henri, and on the right hand a ballot box where a ballot paper is being inserted by a hand. At the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘LUXEMBOURG’. At the top, in semi-circle form is the inscription ‘Centenaire du suffrage universel’ (Centenary of the universal franchise) and underneath the inscription ‘1919 - 2019’, the latter being the year of issuance. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[314]	Vatican City	25 years since the restoration of the Sistine Chapel	84,000 coins	1 October 2019
[314]	Description: The design features the Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel. At the left, in semi-circle is the inscription of the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the right, in semi-circle, are the inscriptions ‘CAPPELLA SISTINA — FINE DEI RESTAURI’ and ‘1994-2019’. At the right side is the mintmark ‘R’ and at the bottom the name of the artist ‘D. LONGO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[315]	France	30 years since the Fall of the Berlin Wall Joint issue with Germany	15 million coins	10 October 2019
[315]	Description: The design represents the Berlin Wall, opened in its centre, letting the doves (allegories of the international appeasement), and the jubilant crowd pass. In the background, the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin’s symbol par excellence, is represented. The mention ‘30 years of the fall of the Berlin Wall/30 Jahre Mauerfall’ is inscribed on one side of the wall. At the bottom of the design is the year of issuance ‘2019’ and at its right the indication of the issuing country ‘RF’ (standing for République Française). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[316]	Germany	30 years since the Fall of the Berlin Wall Joint issue with France	30,297,000 coins	10 October 2019
[316]	Description: The design represents the Berlin Wall, opened in its centre, letting the doves (allegories of the international appeasement), and the jubilant crowd pass. In the background, the Brandenburg Gate, Berlin’s symbol par excellence, is represented. The mention ‘30 Jahre Mauerfall’ (30 years of the fall of the Berlin Wall) is inscribed on one side of the wall. At the bottom of the design is the year of issuance ‘2019’ and at its right the indication of the issuing country ‘D’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[317]	Malta	Nature and Environment Forth of the From Children in Solidarity series	320,000 coins	21 October 2019
[317]	Description: The design was created by a school student and depicts a fruit tree and a stylised representation of the sun. At the bottom left is the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[318]	Finland	Constitution Act of 1919	500,000 coins	31 October 2019
[318]	Description: The design shows three circular fields that are joined together at the centre. The three fields represent the trias politica, separation of powers into three different branches: a legislative, an executive, and a judiciary power. The year of issuance ‘2019’ is placed centre left. The indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ and the mint mark are placed bottom right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[319]	Andorra	600 years since the constitution of the General Council of Andorra	60,000 coins	11 November 2019
[319]	Description: The design depicts the upper part of the entry portal of Casa de la Vall (the parliament’s old seat), with the coat of arms of the country and a fragment of a window above it. Two compact groups of human faces on both sides of the design, as if they were stones of the building, mean the cohesion of Andorrans as a social community united in history, institutions and values. The inscription ‘600 ANYS DEL CONSELL DE LA TERRA’ (600 years of the Council of the Land) at the top, and the name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’ and both year dates ‘1419’ and ‘2019’ in the middle of the number ‘600’ below complete the design. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[320]	Estonia	100 years since the foundation of the Estonian language University of Tartu	1 million coins	19 November 2019
[320]	Description: The design depicts a motif of the main building of the university. It also bears the inscriptions ‘RAHVUSÜLIKOOL 100’(National University 100) and ‘UNIVERSITAS TARTUENSIS’, the year ‘1632’, the issuing country ‘EESTI’ and the year of issuance ‘2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[321]	Slovenia	100 years since the foundation of the University of Ljubljana	1 million coins	25 November 2019
[321]	Description: The University of Ljubljana’s logo is the core of the design. On the left side the University’s façade above the solid square of its logo is replaced with the inscription ‘100 LET UNIVERZE V LJUBLJANI’. The design’s background is textured in order to achieve a larger impact of the inscription with the solid square. On the lower part of the right side is the inscription ‘SLOVENIJA 2019’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2020 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[322]	Italy	80th anniversary of the National Firefighters Corps	3 million coins	20 January 2020
[322]	Description: The design shows, in the center, the logo of the National Fire Department. On the left, ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic; on the right, the year of the coin’s issue ‘2020’; ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome; below, ‘LDS’, initials of the designer Luciana De Simoni; above, arch-shaped inscription ‘CORPO NAZIONALE DEI VIGILI DEL FUOCO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[323]	Estonia	200 years since the discovery of the Antarctic	750,000 coins	27 January 2020
[323]	Description: The design depicts a motif of a sailing ship. It also bear the inscriptions ‘Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen’ and ‘ANTARKTIKA 200’, the country name ‘EESTI’ and the year of issuance ‘2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[324]	Germany	Brandenburg's Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam Fifteenth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	28 January 2020
[324]	Description: The design shows the Sanssouci Palace. The upper half of the coin’s inner section includes the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’), the artist’s initials and the year ‘2020’. The lower half of the coin’s inner section contains the inscription ‘BRANDENBURG’ and Germany’s issuing country code ‘D’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[325]	Spain	Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon Eleventh of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	31 January 2020
[325]	Description: The design shows the image of the tower of El Salvador de Teruel. On the left side in capital letters is the word ‘ESPAÑA’ and on the right side the mintmark and underneath it the year of issuance 2020. At the top in the central part, in a circular sense and in capital letters the legend ‘ARQUITECTURA MUDEJAR DE ARAGÓN’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[326]	France	Charles de Gaulle	18,061,940 coins	31 January 2020
[326]	Description: The design represents two profiles of Charles de Gaulle at two different times. The profile in the background shows Charles de Gaulle in army general is uniform during the call to arms of the 18th June 1940 or during the liberation of Paris. The profile in the foreground represents Charles de Gaulle during his second presidential term of office. Finally, the mention RF is semi-integrated in a Lorraine cross, symbol of free France chosen by General de Gaulle in 1940. His dates of birth and death as well as the year date are also inscribed in the Lorraine cross. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[327]	Estonia	100th anniversary of the Treaty of Tartu	1 million coins	1 February 2020
[327]	Description: The design depicts a tree with branches disguising the words TARTU RAHU (Tartu Peace Treaty). Ity also bears the country name ‘EESTI’ and the date of issue ‘2 February 2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[328]	Luxembourg	Bicentenary of the birth of Prince Henry of Orange-Nassau	313,500 coins	26 February 2020
[328]	Description: The design shows on the right hand the effigy of His Royal Highness, the Grand Duke Henri, and on the left hand the effigy of Prince Henri. At the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘LUXEMBOURG’ and the year-date ‘2020’. At the left, in semi-circle form, is the inscription ‘Prince Henri d’Orange-Nassau’ and underneath his effigy is the inscription ‘1820 – 1879’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[329]	Belgium	International Year of Plant Health	155,000 coins^[229]	5 March 2020
[329]	Description: The inner part of the piece depicts the official logo of the IYPH 2020 that symbolises leaves and the text ‘International year of plant health’. The leaves represent healthy plants as the source of the oxygen we breathe, the food we eat and all life on earth. This positive image of leaves protected from deadly pests and diseases forms a circle, which represents the world and underlines how plant health and protection is a global issue. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the right. The Belgian mint director mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele is located on the left. The country code BE and the year mark 2020 are located on the bottom. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[330]	San Marino	500 years since the death of Raphael	54,000 coins	5 March 2020
[330]	Description: The design reproduces the profile of the Virgin Mary, which is part of the Madonna di Casa Santi fresco. The fresco depicts the Virgin Mary holding the infant Jesus on her lap and is imbued with the delicacy of the intimacy between mother and son, a recurring theme in Raphael’s artistic works. In the top right of the coin, there is the name of the issuing country ‘SAN MARINO’ and the years ‘1520’ and ‘2020’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘RAFFAELLO’, on the right the initials of the designer Annalisa Masini ‘AM’, and on the left the letter ‘R’, indicating the Mint of Rome. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[331]	Latvia	Latgalian ceramics	412,000 coins	5 June 2020
[331]	Description: The design depicts a characteristic piece of Latgalian ceramics – clay candelabrum. It bears an inscription ‘LATGALES KERAMIKA’ (Latgalian ceramics), the country name ‘LATVIJA’ as well as the year of issuance ‘2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[332]	Italy	150 years since the birth of Maria Montessori	3 million coins	9 June 2020
[332]	Description: A portrait of Maria Montessori in a geometric composition with some of didactic elements drawn from her educational system. In the right field, ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic; on the left, ‘R’ ,identifying the Mint of Rome; on the right, ‘LDS’, initials of the designer Luciana De Simoni; at the top and bottom, the dates ‘1870’ e ‘2020’, the year of birth of the Italian pedagogue and that of coin’s issue, respectively; around the portrait, the inscription ‘MARIA MONTESSORI’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[333]	Vatican City	100 years since the birth of Pope John Paul II	74,000 coins	23 June 2020
[333]	Description: The design features Pope John Paul II, the home where He was born and the Basilica near His home in Wadowice, Poland. At the top left, in semi-circle is the inscription ‘PAPA GIOVANNI PAOLO II’. At the right are the years ‘1920 2020’, and the mintmark ‘R’. At the bottom, in semi-circle, is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTA’ DEL VATICANO’. Under the image of the Basilica are the artist’s name ‘G. TITOTTO’ and the engraver’s initials ‘M.A.C. INC’ (Maria Angela Cassol, engraver). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[334]	Greece	25th Centenary of the Battle of Thermopylae	750,000 coins	30 June 2020
[334]	Description: The design depicts an ancient Greek helmet. Inscribed along the inner edge are the words ‘2500 YEARS SINCE THE BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE’ and ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’. Also inscribed in the background are the year of issuance ‘2020’ and a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek mint). Visible down and right of the helmet is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[335]	Greece	100th anniversary of the union of Thrace with Greece	743,000 coins	16 July 2020
[335]	Description: The design replicates an ancient coin of the Thracian city of Abdera, featuring a griffin. Inscribed along the inner edge are the words ‘100 YEARS SINCE THE UNION OF THRACE WITH GREECE’ and ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’, as well as the year of issuance ‘2020’ and a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek mint). Also visible at left is the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[336]	Malta	Skorba Temples Fifth of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	180,000 coins	24 July 2020
[336]	Description: The design features Skorba, a prehistoric temple located near the hamlet of Zebbiegh, in the northwest of Malta. The complex consists of two temples built side by side. These were built on a much older settlement remains of which were discovered outside the temple complex. Skorba lacks the monumentality of the other temples on the Maltese islands. Nevertheless, the site is of utmost importance having enabled archaeologists to set Malta’s prehistoric cultural sequence and establish that the islands were first inhabited at around 5 000 BC. The inscription ‘SKORBA TEMPLES 3600-2500 BC’ appears at the top of the design. At the bottom are the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ and the year of issuance ‘2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[337]	Finland	100 years since the foundation of the University of Turku	800,000 coins	18 August 2020
[337]	Description: The grid-like design represents the interaction between universities and the society. At the top of the design, there is the year of issuance ‘2020’, at the right side the mintmark and underneath the mintmark is the indication of the issuing country ‘FI’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[338]	San Marino	250 years since the death of Giovanni Battista Tiepolo	54,000 coins	27 August 2020
[338]	Description: The left part of the coin features the bust of an angel, a detail from Tiepolo’s painting ‘Angel Succouring Hagar’, which hangs in the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, Venice, and the initials of the designer Claudia Momoni ‘C.M.’. Above is the inscription ‘TIEPOLO’ and the letter ‘R’ identifying the Mint of Rome; on the right are the dates 1770 and 2020 and the inscription ‘San Marino’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[339]	Portugal	730 years since the foundation of the University of Coimbra	360,000 coins	1 September 2020
[339]	Description: The design depicts the tower of University of Coimbra and a visual composition of triangles representing the roofs of the university of Coimbra, the highest is of the Joanina Library within the lettering ‘UNIVERSIDADE DE COIMBRA 730 ANOS PORTUGAL 2020’ (English – UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA 730 YEARS PORTUGAL 2020). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[340]	Lithuania	Aukštaitija Second of the Lithuanian Ethnographical Regions series	500,000 coins	16 September 2020
[340]	Description: The design features a coat of arms with an armour-clad knight holding a sword in his right hand. The coat of arms is held by two angels, simbolically exalting and protecting Aukštaitija – one of the most important regions of Lithuania and the cradle of its statehood. Below is a Latin inscription PATRIAM TUAM MUNDUM EXISTIMA (CONSIDER YOUR HOMELAND TO BE THE WHOLE WORLD). The design is surrounded by inscriptions: ‘LIETUVA’ (the name of the issuing country), ‘AUKŠTAITIJA’, the year of issuance ‘2020’ and the mintmark of the Lithuanian Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[341]	Portugal	75 years since the formation of the United Nations	510,000 coins	7 October 2020
[341]	Description: The design depicts the UN logo. At the top is the year of issuance ‘2020’, the name of the issuing country ‘PORTUGAL’ and the inscription ‘UN 75 YEARS’. Under the words ‘UN’ and ‘YEARS’ is their translation in Portuguese ‘ONU’ and ‘ANOS’. At the left side is the name of the mint ‘CASA DA MOEDA’ and at the right side is the engraver’s name ‘ANDRÉ LETRIA’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[342]	Germany	50 years since the Kniefall von Warschau	30 million coins	8 October 2020
[342]	Description: The design shows Brandt, who was the chancellor of Germany at that time, keeling before the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes in Warsaw in a gesture of humility. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 is evoked by the composition’s powerful imagery. Traced in extremely fine relief, the design pictures compelling symbols: a seven-branched menorah, the ghetto victims, as well as the genuflection. The inner part of the coin also features the artist’s initials (top), the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’), the year, ‘2020’ (centre left), Germany’s issuing country code, ‘D’ (bottom right), and the lettering ‘50 JAHRE KNIEFALL VON WARSCHAU’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[343]	Belgium	Jan van Eyck	155,000 coins^[229]	15 October 2020
[343]	Description: The inner part of the piece depicts the portrait of the famous Flemish artist Jan van Eyck, together with his signature and a painter’s palette that also contains the initials LL, referring to the designer of the coin, Mr Luc Luycx and two paintbrushes. Above this, you can find the name J. van Eyck. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the bottom together with the Belgian mint director mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele. The country code BE and the year mark 2020 is located on the right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[344]	Vatican City	500 years since the death of Raphael	76,000 coins	16 October 2020
[344]	Description: The design features a portrait of Raphael and two angels. At the right, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘RAFFAELLO SANZIO’. Above the image of the two angels are the years ‘1520’ and ‘2020’ and underneath it is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTA’ DEL VATICANO’. At the bottom is the mintmark ‘R’ and the artist’s name ‘D. LONGO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[345]	Monaco	300 years since the birth of Honoré III	15,000 coins	20 October 2020
[345]	Description: The design shows the effigy of Prince Honoré III. At the left is the inscription ‘HONORÉ III’ and at the right the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’. At the bottom, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘1720 – Naissance – 2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[346]	France	Medical Research	310,000 coins	27 October 2020
[346]	Description: The design shows the figuration of the human in union, represented by a face inscribed in a sphere. It faces the infinitely small, represented by fragments of DNA inscribed in a circle. By its oblique axis, this allegory represents the research and its intelligence dominating the infinitely small, studying it and triumphing over the diseases. The indication of the issuing country ‘RF’ is located at the top right while the mintmark and the year of issuance ‘2020’ are located at the bottom left. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[347]	Lithuania	Hill of Crosses	500,000 coins	4 November 2020
[347]	Description: The design depicts the Hill of Crosses: fragments of wooden and forged crosses, symbolising Lithuanian cross-crafting and folk culture. The inscriptions featured are: Lithuania’s name ‘LIETUVA’, the year of issue ‘2020’ on the top, ‘KRYŽIŲ KALNAS’ (the Hill of Crosses) and the mark of the Lithuanian Mint at the bottom. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[348]	Slovakia	20 years of Slovakian membership in the OECD	1 million coins	11 November 2020
[348]	Description: The upper right half of the national side design depicts a representation of the concept of digital humanism: printed circuits in the shape of a human brain, in the centre of which is a circle representing a microprocessor. The Slovak coat of arms is placed next to the lower right edge. Inscribed inside a square outline that partly overlaps the main image are the words ‘20. VÝROČIE’ and ‘VSTUP SR DO OECD’ (the 20th anniversary of Slovakia’s accession to the OECD). Below the square is the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKO’ and the year of issuance ‘2020’, one above the other. Between the square and the left edge of the design is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the letters ‘MK’ placed between two dies. Below the mint mark are the stylised letters ‘PV’ referring to the designer Peter Valach. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[349]	Finland	100 years since the birth of Väinö Linna	700,000 coins	16 November 2020
[349]	Description: The design reflects Linna’s work in a textile mill and depicts, in addition to his face, letters as weaved fabric and threads that run through his books. The inscription VÄINÖ LINNA is at the left side. At the bottom are the inscriptions of the year of issuance ‘2020’, of the issuing country ‘FI’ and the mintmark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[350]	Andorra	27th Ibero-American Summit in Andorra	73,500 coins	9 December 2020
[350]	Description: The design of the coin shows a tree made up by human silhouettes and tine wheels. The human silhouettes symbolize the integration of society, culture and education for the realization of a sustainable future. The tine wheels symbolize the synergy of movement between the ideas and proposals of participants to this Summit. Next to the tree, there is the logo of this 27th Summit. On its upper side, three triangles represent the colours of the Andorran flag. On its lower side, six triangles represent Andorra’s opening towards Sustainable Development Goals. Around the design, there is the inscription ‘XXVII CIMERA IBEROAMERICANA ANDORRA 2020’ (27th Ibero-American Summit Andorra 2020). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[351]	Andorra	50 years since Andorra's introduction of women's suffrage	60,000 coins	9 December 2020
[351]	Description: The design of the coin shows a female face inside a wrapper of endless moving lines. These lines are formed by female names in Catalan language close together, making it difficult to read them individually, as a tribute to solidarity of women in the fight for their rights. There is one repeated name only, that of ‘VICTORIA’ and symbolises the victory of gaining the right to vote. The inscriptions ‘50 ANYS DEL SUFRAGI UNIVERSAL FEMENÍ’ (50 years of Universal Female Suffrage) and ‘ANDORRA 1970 - 2020’ complete the design. These inscriptions are also incorporated into the movement of the lines in a way, in order to give more importance to the anniversary that is being commemorated. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[352]	Malta	Children's games Fifth of the From Children in Solidarity series	220,000 coins	14 December 2020
[352]	Description: The design depicts a melange of traditional games popular with Maltese children. These include marbles, spinning tops and traditional kite-making and flying. Depicted is also a Maltese version of hop-scotch which is known locally as ‘passju’. Three bees flying in a circle allude to a popular chant sung by Maltese children during play. Included in the design is the name of the issuing country, ‘Malta’, and the year of issue, ‘2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[353]	Cyprus	30 years since the foundation of the Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics	412,000 coins	14 December 2020
[353]	Description: The design depicts a ‘neuron with its synapses’ in reference to the activities performed by the Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, which celebrates 30 years of existence. The iossuing country’s name ‘KYΠΡΟΣ - KIBRIS’ and the phrase ‘ΙΝΣΤΙTOYΤΟ ΝΕΥΡΟΛΟΓΊΑΣ & ΓΕΝΕΤΙKHΣ KYΠΡΟY 1990-2020’ (i.e. Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics 1990-2020) are inscribed in circle around the design. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[354]	Slovenia	500 years since the birth of Adam Bohorič	1 million coins	23 December 2020
[354]	Description: The design has at its core a multilingual slogan from the cover of Bohorič’s Latin – Slovenian grammar titled “Proste zimske urice”. The slogan in Slovenian, written in bohoričica (the type of writing named after Adam Bohorič), which is easily recognizable due to the use of a typical letter f, is positioned in the lower half of the coin’s core. Behind is the Slovenian slogan in Latin – presenting Bohorič’s contribution to the international academic sphere. At the top of the design, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘ADAM BOHORIČ1520 / SLOVENIJA 2020’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[355]	Luxembourg	Birth of Prince Charles of Luxembourg	331,000 coins	24 December 2020
[355]	Description: The design depicts at the centre the representation of Prince Charles as well as the effigies of his parents, Their Royal Highnesses the Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume and the Hereditary Grand Duchess Stephanie. Below these effigies, the text ‘S.A.R. de Prënz Charles’ (His Royal Highness the Prince Charles) is followed by the date of birth ‘10 May 2020’. At the left, the word ‘LËTZEBUERG’ as the designation of the issuing country is depicted vertically. The monogram (letter ‘H’ with a crown) is a representation of the Grand Duke Henri. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2021 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[356]	Portugal	Portuguese Presidency of the Council of the European Union	510,000 coins	4 January 2021
[356]	Description: The design depicts the representation of the link between the capital of Portugal and the others European capitals and thereby draw a map, within the lettering ‘PRESIDÊNCIA DO CONSELHO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA PORTUGAL 2021’ (English – PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION PORTUGAL 2021). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[357]	Latvia	100th anniversary of the de jure recognition of the Republic of Latvia	412,000 coins	20 January 2021
[357]	Description: The design depicts an artistic inscription ‘100 Latvija de iure 2021’ thus also featuring the country name (LATVIJA) as well as the year of issue (2021). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[358]	Germany	Saxony-Anhalt's Cathedral of Magdeburg Sixteenth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	26 January 2021
[358]	Description: The design shows the Magdeburg Cathedral, the first Gothic-style cathedral to be constructed on German soil. The inner part also features the name ‘SACHSEN-ANHALT’ and the issuing country’s country code ‘D’ at the bottom, the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) as well as the year ‘2021’ on the left and the engraver’s mark on the right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[359]	Italy	150th anniversary of the proclamation of Rome as the capital of Italy	3 million coins	26 January 2021
[359]	Description: The design depicts a detail of the Dea Roma, a sculpture by Angelo Zanelli inserted in the center of the Altare della Patria, a large votive altar dedicated to the Italian nation set in the Vittoriano complex in Rome. Above, the legend ‘ROMA CAPITALE’; on the right, the dates ‘•1871•2021•’, the year of the proclamation of Rome as the Capital of Italy and that of the coin’s issue respectively; on the left, ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic, and ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome; in exergue, ‘UP’, initials of the designer Uliana Pernazza. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[360]	San Marino	450 years since the birth of Caravaggio	54,000 coins	1 March 2021
[360]	Description: The design depicts the penitent Magdalene, detail of the homonymous work by Caravaggio, kept at the Doria Pamphilj Gallery in Rome. At the top left is the inscription ‘SAN MARINO’, and underneath are the dates ‘1571-2021’. At the left are the initials of the author Silvia Petrassi, ‘SP’. At the top right are the inscription ‘CARAVAGGIO’ and the mintmark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[361]	Spain	Historic city of Toledo Twelfth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	4 million coins	10 March 2021
[361]	Description: The design depicts a view of the Puerta de Sol and a detail of the ‘La Sinagoga del Tránsito’, both buildings built in the fourteenth century in Mudejar style. On the left hand and in capital letters the word ‘ESPAÑA’ and the year of minting ‘2021’. At the top on the right hand the mintmark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[362]	France	75 years since the foundation of UNICEF	7.5 million coins	18 March 2021
[362]	Description: The design shows an allegory of the work of ‘UNICEF’ where the hands are a key element. One after the other they support the globe and are the link between the different areas of the Earth. The mention of the 75th anniversary as well as the laurels crown the ensemble accompanied by the acronym RF. On the upper rim, the name ‘UNICEF’ is inserted along with the relevant dates as well as the UNICEF motto ‘For each child’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[363]	Finland	Journalism and Open Communication in Support of Finnish Democracy	800,000 coins	14 April 2021
[363]	Description: The figures depicted in the inner part of the coin can be interpreted as stylized human figures made up from and entwined in a ribbon-like net. The outer sides of the inner part of the coin bear the lettering ‘JOURNALISMI JOURNALISTIK’. The bottom of the inner part bears the lettering ‘2021 FI’ preceded by the Finnish mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[364]	Luxembourg	100 years since the birth of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg	332,500 coins	19 April 2021
[364]	Description: The design depicts on the left hand side the effigy of the Grand Duke Jean and on the right hand side the effigy of the Grand Duke Henri. Close to each effigy, the respective name of the Grand Duke is specified, as well as the year of birth ‘1921’ of the Grand Duke Jean. Below the effigies, an outline of Luxembourg city is represented. At the left, the text ‘GROUSSHERZOGE VU LËTZEBUERG’ designating also the issuing country is depicted in circular form. The year-date ‘2021’ is shown at the bottom right. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[365]	Luxembourg	40 years since the wedding of Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg and Maria Teresa, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg	327,500 coins	19 April 2021
[365]	Description: The design depicts the effigies of the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa. Below the effigies, two wedding rings are preceded by the wedding date ‘14. FEBRUAR 1981’ and followed by the year-date ‘2021’. The word ‘LETZEBUERG’ designating the issuing country is depicted below. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[366]	Greece	200 years since the Greek Revolution	1,500,000 coins	22 April 2021
[366]	Description: The design features the Greek flag at the centre, encircled by laurel branches. Inscribed along the inner edge are the wordings ‘1821 – 2021 200 YEARS SINCE THE GREEK REVOLUTION’ and ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’. Visible, at the bottom, between two laurel branches, are a palmette (the minmark of the Greek Mint) and the signature of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[367]	Portugal	Participation in Tokyo Summer Olympics	510,000 coins	18 May 2021
[367]	Description: The design depicts the Portuguese Olympic Committee symbols. The design had earned the Council’s approval in 2020 as it was initially intended to be issued in mid-2020. However, Casa da Moeda and the Olympic Committee have agreed to postpone its issuance in accordance to the Games new calendar from July 23 to August 8, 2021, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. For that reason a few design details on the lettering have been updated, specifically the abbreviated two-digit format for the year 2020 (by using an apostrophe: ‘Tóquio’20’) followed by the year of issuance 2021, and finally the author’s name that appears next to the Mintmark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[368]	Lithuania	Žuvintas biosphere reserve	500,000 coins	19 May 2021
[368]	Description: The design depicts the characteristic surroundings of Žuvintas Biosphere Reserve, which belongs to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme: remote islands of a unique bird lake and Lithuania’s largest wetland as well as its distinctive animals. In the foreground there is a great bittern reaching for a fire-bellied toad floating in the water. In rushes depicted on the right there is an aquatic warbler, above – a flock of common cranes and a mute swan, symbolising the establishment of the Reserve. The design is surrounded by inscriptions LIETUVA (LITHUANIA), ŽUVINTAS, UNESCO, the year of issue (2021) and the mintmark of the Lithuanian Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[369]	Estonia	Fenno-Ugria	1 million coins	16 June 2021
[369]	Description: The national side of the coin depicts a design based on the cave drawings of Lake Äänisjärv. The symbols for the hunter, the elk, the water bird and the sun form the symbolic circle of life for the Finno-Ugric peoples. The central figure is a water bird, as they are represented in the art and folklore of all Finno-Ugric peoples. On the top right, in semi-circle, are the name of the country ‘EESTI’ followed by the year ‘2021’. At the bottom left is the inscription ‘FENNO-UGRIA’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[370]	Italy	Health professionals	3 million coins	22 June 2021
[370]	Description: The design depicts in the centre, a man and a woman in medical clothing with masks, a stethoscope and a medical folder representing doctors and nurses working on the front line in the fight against COVID-19. Above, the word ‘GRAZIE’ followed, on the right, by a heart symbol; on the left, a reproduction of the medical cross; in the centre, ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic; on the right, ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome; below,, on the left, ‘CM’, initials of the designer Claudia Momoni; in exergue, the year of the coin’s issue ‘2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[371]	Vatican City	450 years since the birth of Caravaggio	86,300 coins	25 June 2021
[371]	Description: The design features a boy with a basket of fruits, painted by Caravaggio. At the top, in semi-circle, is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTA’ DEL VATICANO’. At the left is the mintmark ‘R’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘CARAVAGGIO’ and underneath are the years ‘1571-2021’. At the bottom right are the initials of the artist Chiara Principe, ‘CP’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[372]	Belgium	100 years since the signing of the Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union	155,000 coins	7 July 2021
[372]	Description: The national side of the coin features the effigy of the Belgian King Philip I and that of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. In addition, both countries are depicted, with the mention of the Economic Union, and the years 1921 and 2021. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the bottom together with the Belgian mint director mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele. It also contains the initials LL, referring to the designer of the coin, Mr. Luc Luycx. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[373]	Malta	Heroes of the pandemic	72,500 coins	2 August 2021
[373]	Description: The design is created by Maria Anna Frisone and depicts two medical professional bracing themselves up to face the unknown. It is meant to extoll the services of these selfless individuals who have been on the forefront of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. At the top, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘HEROES OF THE PANDEMIC’. At the bottom, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘MALTA – 2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[374]	Finland	100th anniversary of self-government in Åland	800,000 coins	13 August 2021
[374]	Description: The theme of the coin is the archipelago landscape composed of embossed forms. The lower half of the design has a seaway with nautical signs, the bow of a boat and a hand holding a compass. The horizontal midline of the design has a sea horizon. The upper half of the design has sky and clouds. At the bottom, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘AUTONOMY OF THE ÅLAND ISLANDS FOR 100 YEARS’ in Finnish. At the top, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘AUTONOMY OF THE ÅLAND ISLANDS FOR 100 YEARS’ in Swedish. At the centre there are two diamond shaped highlights between the texts, one at the left and the other at the right. Above the diamonds, at the right side is the inscription ‘2021 FI’ and at the left side the mintmark of the Mint of Finland. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[375]	San Marino	550 years since the birth of Albrecht Dürer	54,000 coins	27 August 2021
[375]	Description: The design depicts the Virgin Mary with Baby Jesus, detail of the painting ‘Madonna with Child’ by Albrecht Dürer, kept in the Uffizi Galleries (Florence). At the left is the inscription ‘SAN MARINO’ and the mintmark ‘R’. At the top right is the monogram ‘AD’ with the initials of Albrecht Dürer and at the right is the inscription ‘DÜRER’. At the bottom are the initials of the author Valerio De Seta, ‘VdS’, and the dates ‘1471-2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[376]	Lithuania	Dzūkija Third of the Lithuanian Ethnographical Regions series	500,000 coins	9 September 2021
[376]	Description: The design features a coat of arms with an armoured-clad soldier holding a halberd in his right hand and leaning with his left arm against a silver Baltic shield. The coat of arms placed on a beam is held by two lynxes. Below hangs a ribbon with a Latin inscription EX GENTE BELICOSISSIMA POPULUS LABORIOSUS (HARD-WORKING PEOPLE FROM A FIERCE TRIBE). The composition is surrounded by inscriptions LIETUVA (LITHUANIA) and DZŪKIJA, the year of issue (2021) and the mintmark of the Lithuanian Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[377]	France	Racing Marianne First of the 2024 Summer Olympics series	510,000 coins	21 September 2021
[377]	Description: The design represents Marianne, national figure and icon of French numismatics, running in an ‘old’ way in reference to the Olympic Games of the Ancient Era. Its silhouette blends with the Eiffel Tower, a key element of Parisian heritage, to form a common axis with the Iron Lady. In the background, an athletics track in which the emblem of Paris 2024 is inserted on the left side, is depicted. The year date, the mention RF and the mintmarks are inserted under the arch of the tower. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[378]	Monaco	10 years since the wedding of Albert II, Prince of Monaco and Charlene, Princess of Monaco	15,000 coins	6 October 2021
[378]	Description: The design shows the profile portraits of Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene. At the top, the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’ appears. At the bottom, appears in a semi-circle the inscription ‘2011 MARIAGE PRINCIER 2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[379]	Estonia	Wolf, the national mammal of Estonia First of the Estonian National Symbols series	1 million coins	20 October 2021
[379]	Description: The design depicts the silhouette of the wolf and a forest. Close to the edge of the inner ring the country name ‘EESTI’ at the left, the year of issuance ‘2021’ at the right and the text ‘CANIS LUPUS’ (the wolf in Latin) at the top are depicted. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[380]	Slovenia	200 years since the foundation of the provincial museum of Carniola	1 million coins	25 October 2021
[380]	Description: The design was inspired by the belts from Vače Situla – one of the finest artefacts of situla art. These belts are a graphical symbol for layering history that the museum keeps for future generations. The design displays layers of the museum’s history with different names through its 200-year long history. The names are displayed in belts as they would have been if written on Vače Situla. The design includes the name of the country ‘SLOVENIJA’ and the year of issuance ‘2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[381]	Malta	Tarxien Temples Sixth of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	181,000 coins	26 October 2021
[381]	Description: The design depicts a detail of the prehistoric structure. At the top is the inscription ‘TARXIEN TEMPLES 3600-2500 BC’. At the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ and underneath it is the year of issuance ‘2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[382]	Vatican City	700 years since the death of Dante Alighieri	86,300 coins	26 October 2021
[382]	Description: The design features a portrait of Dante and Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. At the top right, in semi-circle, is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘Dante’ and underneath are the years ‘1321-2021’ and the name of the artist ‘P. DANIELE’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[383]	Belgium	500 years since the issuance of the Carolus guilder	155,250 coins	27 October 2021
[383]	Description: The national side of the coin depicts in the inner part of the piece the portrait of the Charles V, together with the text Carolus V. At the left you can find the 500 year old golden Carolus guilder, issued after the ordinance of the second period of coin issuance during the reign of Charles V. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the bottom together with the Belgian mint director mintmark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele. It also contains the initials LL, referring to the designer of the coin, Mr. Luc Luycx. The country code BE and the year mark 2021 are located on the left. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[384]	Slovakia	100 years since the birth of Alexander Dubček	1 million coins	26 November 2021
[384]	Description: The design depicts a left-profile portrait of Alexander Dubček. Inscribed along the left edge of the coin’s inner circle is the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKO’. Overlying the lower part of the portrait is the name ‘Alexander Dubček’, first name above surname, and below it are the dates of his birth ‘1921’ and death ‘1992’, one above the other. At the right edge is the year of issuance ‘2021’, and below it is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the letters ‘MK’ placed between two dies. Next to the bottom right edge are the stylised initials ‘BR’, referring to the national side’s designer Branislav Ronai. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[385]	Andorra	100 years since the coronation of Our Lady of Meritxell	73,750 coins	15 December 2021
[385]	Description: The foreground of the design depicts the reproduction of the Romanesque carving of Our Lady of Meritxell (patron saint of the Principality of Andorra), which dates back from the 11th and 12th centuries. The background of the design shows a partial reproduction of the basilica sanctuary where it is located, a graphic element symbolizing a flower, the name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’ and the years ‘1921-2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[386]	Andorra	Let's take care of our elderly	70,000 coins	15 December 2021
[386]	Description: The subject of the coin ‘CUIDEM LA NOSTRA GENT GRAN’ (taking care of our seniors) is symbolized by the image of the hand of a young person holding another hand that shows all the signs of aging, with a stethoscope below them. The name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’ encircling several reproductions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus represents the State’s commitment to preventing its spread and caring for its citizens. The design also shows the date of issue ‘2021’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2022 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[387]	France	90th anniversary of President Jacques Chirac’s birth	9 million coins	25 January 2022
[387]	Description: The design shows a solemn profile of President Jacques Chirac looking towards the future. He is surrounded by several symbols representing his actions: a euro symbol, as sign of his involvement in the introduction of the Euro and his European spirit, and a French flag represented in heraldic colours, itself embellished with the RF as a reference to his presidency. His dates and name are inserted in the Euro’s logo. The mintmarks as well as the year date fit into the design. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[388]	Germany	Thuringia's Wartburg Castle in Eisenach Seventeenth of the Bundesländer I series	30 million coins	25 January 2022
[388]	Description: The design shows Wartburg Castle, the first German castle to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The inner part also features the name ‘THÜRINGEN’ and the issuing country’s country code ‘D’ at the bottom, the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) as well as the engraver’s mark on the right and the year ‘2022’ on the left. The artist: Olaf Stoy (Rabenau). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[389]	Finland	100th anniversary of the Finnish National Ballet	400,000 coins	11 February 2022
[389]	Description: The design depicts the powerful and free movements of a dancer covered in a light flowing textile that accentuates the beauty and fluidity of the dancer's pose. It also bears the year of issuance ‘2022’ and at the top the indication of the issuing country ‘FI’ and the mintmark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[390]	Slovenia	150 years since the birth of Jože Plečnik	1 million coins	2 March 2022
[390]	Description: The design shows a detail of the grand window of the National and University library’s reading room with a pillar in front of it. It is supplemented with a composition of letters A R H. P L E Č N I K. These letters are built into the window in exact order and can be metaphorically read as the architect’s signature, which is actually exhibited in his own work. The letters are inserted into deepened window openings and can be understood (in the language of architect Plečnik) as spatial architectural interventions, as emphases, inserted into façade or as geometrically designed objects. The whole composition displays an idea of space that reflects the wealth of the architect’s ideas. It is centred around the main pillar, which has a role to mark the coin’s space and set the ratio outside – inside or front – back, one of Plečnik’s common gestures when designing space. With that, the composition becomes a spatial miniature, space within space, multi-layered and mystical. At the bottom, the inscription “JOŽE PLEČNIK«. At the left, vertically, the year ‘1872’. At the right, vertically, the country of issuance ‘SLOVENIJA’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2022’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[391]	Estonia	150 years since the founding of the Society of Estonian Literati	1 million coins	9 March 2022
[391]	Description: The design depicts the pages of a book and the tip of a quill pen. At the top, in semi-circle are the inscription ‘EESTI KIRJAMEESTE SELTS’ and the year of issuance ‘2022’. The inscription on the pages of the book reads ‘KUI ME EI SAA SUUREKS RAHVAARVULT, PEAME SAAMA SUUREKS VAIMULT’, meaning ‘If we cannot be a great nation in number, we must be great in spirit’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[392]	Spain	500 years since the completion of the first circumnavigation	1 million coins	23 March 2022
[392]	Description: The design depicts two images, one is the globe in the background and the other one is a portrait of Juan Sebastián Elcano. At the bottom of the portrait and in capital letters the legends ‘JUAN SEBASTIÁN ELCANO’ and ‘PRIMUS CIRCUMDEDISTI ME’ (First to circumnavigate me), and on the portrait shoulder is the initial and the end date of the circumnavigation (1519-1522). On the right hand side and in capital letters are the issuing country ‘ESPAÑA’ and the year of minting ‘2022’. On the left hand side is the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[393]	Spain	Garajonay National Park (La Gomera) Thirteenth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	1 million coins	23 March 2022
[393]	Description: The coin depicts a view of the ‘Roque de Agando’ and a detail of the ‘Laurisilva forest’. On the upper right hand and in capital letters are the word ‘ESPAÑA’ and the year of minting ‘2022’. At the top on the right hand side is the mint mark. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[394]	Portugal	100th anniversary since the first southern transatlantic crossing by plane	1 million coins	30 March 2022
[394]	Description: The design shows the representation of one of the three Fairey III biplanes that were used to accomplish the flight between Lisboa and Rio de Janeiro. The edge inscription reads ‘TRAVESSIA DO ATLÂNTICO SUL’ (English – CROSSING OF THE SOUTH ATLANTIC). Below the plane, the inscription ‘PORTUGAL 1922-2022’. The Mintmark will be ‘CASA DA MOEDA’, the Portuguese name of the Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[395]	Italy	170th anniversary of the foundation of the Polizia di Stato	3 million coins	6 April 2022
[395]	Description: The design depicts two officers of the ‘Polizia di Stato’ (Italian National Police Force), a woman and a man, standing out in the foreground, in front of a police car. Above, the arc-shaped inscription ‘POLIZIA DI STATO’; at the right ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic; the inscription ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome, the initials ‘AM’ of the designer Annalisa Masini and the dates ‘1852 - 2022’, appear at the left, in the centre and at the right, respectively. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[396]	Latvia	100th anniversary of the Bank of Latvia. Financial literacy	408,000 coins	12 April 2022
[396]	Description: The design shows a tree, symbolizing the importance of financial literacy and the knowledge about it. At the bottom is the year of issuance ‘2022’ and underneath the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[397]	Lithuania	100 years of basketball in Lithuania	750,000 coins	21 April 2022
[397]	Description: The design shows the contour of the map of Lithuania arranged as a basketball court in the centre, which signifies that basketball has been played in Lithuania already for 100 years. The coin also features the inscriptions ‘LIETUVA’ (Lithuania), ‘1922-2022’ and the logo of the Lithuanian mint, its manufacturer, arranged in a semi-circle around the centre. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[398]	San Marino	530 years since the death of Piero della Francesca	55,000 coins	28 April 2022
[398]	Description: In the centre is the profile of Federico da Montefeltro, detail of the painting ‘Diptych of the Dukes of Urbino’ by Piero della Francesca, kept in the Galleries of the Uffizi (Florence). At the left side in semi-circle is the inscription ‘SAN MARINO’. At the right side in semi-circle is the inscription ‘PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA’, the years 1492 e 2022, the letter R, identifying the Mint of Rome and the initials of author Claudia Momoni, ‘C.M.’ The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[399]	Belgium	Publicly funded health care	155,000 coins	11 May 2022
[399]	Description: The design depicts in the inner part of the coin the health personnel. At the left you can find the inscription ‘Danke – Merci – Dank u’ together with various pictograms referring to healthcare sector. From top to bottom, a cross, a stethoscope, a heart, a syringe, a wheelchair and a chemical mixture are shown. At the far right are the initials of the designer Luc Luycx located. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the bottom together with the Belgian mint master mark, the coat of arms of the municipality Herzele, the country code BE and the year mark 2022. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[400]	Italy	30th anniversary of the death of Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino	3 million coins	17 May 2022
[400]	Description: The design depicts in the centre the portraits of the two Italian judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, inspired by a picture of Tony Gentile. Above, the arc-shaped inscription ‘FALCONE – BORSELLINO’, underneath the dates ‘1992 2022’, with the acronym of the Italian Republic ‘RI’ in between; on the right, ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome; on the left, ‘VdS’, initials of the designer Valerio de Seta. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[401]	Luxembourg	50 years since the Flag of Luxembourg	320,000 coins	1 July 2022
[401]	Description: The design depicts at the left hand the effigy of the Grand Duke Henri and at the right hand the Luxembourg tricolor flag. The year ‘1972’ appears above the flag and the issuing year ‘2022’ is depicted below. At the bottom centre the name of the issuing country ‘LËTZEBUERG’ is represented. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[402]	Greece	200 years since the first Greek Constitution	750,000 coins	1 July 2022
[402]	Description: The design features the temple of Asclepius at Epidaurus with the statue of the god at centre. The theme replicates the reverse of a commemorative medal on the First National Assembly held by the revolted Greeks at Epidaurus, which was awarded to the Assembly members during the reign of king Otho. Inscribed along the inner edge is the wording ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’ and ‘THE FIRST GREEK CONSTITUTION’, as well as the years ‘1822’ and ‘2022’, a palmette (the mintmark of the Greek mint) and the monogram of the artist (George Stamatopoulos). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[403]	Luxembourg	10 years since the wedding of Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume and Hereditary Grand Duchess Stéphanie	320,000 coins	1 July 2022
[403]	Description: The design depicts the effigies of the Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume and the Hereditary Grand Duchesse Stéphanie. Close to the effigies, the respective names are depicted in semi-circular form. Two wedding rings appear at the left of the year-date 2022. At the bottom of the design, the word ‘LËTZEBUERG’ designating the issuing country is depicted, as well as the wedding date ‘20.Oktober 2012’. The monogram (letter ‘H’ with a crown) is a representation of the Grand Duke Henri. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[404]	Estonia	Glory to Ukraine	40,000 coins	8 July 2022
[404]	Description: The design depicts the silhouette of a woman holding a bird in her hand, with an ear of wheat. At the top left is the text ‘SLAVA UKRAINI’. At the bottom left are the name of the issuing country ‘EESTI’ and the year of issuance ‘2022’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[405]	Vatican City	125 years since the birth of Pope Paul VI	78,250 coins	6 September 2022
[405]	Description: The design features a portrait of the Pope. At the top left, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’ and at the top right is the inscription ‘PAPA PAOLO VI’. At the left of the portrait are the years ‘1897’ and ‘2022’ and underneath them is the mintmark ‘R’. At the bottom left is the name of the artist ‘D. LONGO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[406]	Vatican City	25 years since the death of Mother Teresa	78,250 coins	6 September 2022
[406]	Description: The design features a portrait of Mother Teresa with a child. At the top, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘MADRE TERESA DI CALCUTTA’ and at the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the right of the portrait is the mintmark ‘R’ and underneath it are the years ‘1997’ and ‘2022’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[407]	Monaco	100 years since the death of Albert I, Prince of Monaco	15,000 coins	7 September 2022
[407]	Description: The design shows the portrait of Prince Albert I. At the left is the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’ and at the right is the year of issuance ‘2022’. At the bottom is the inscription ALBERT Ier” followed by the years ‘1848-1922’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[408]	France	Genius and the discus throw Second of the 2024 Summer Olympics series	260,000 coins	22 September 2022
[408]	Description: The design represents the genius, a national figure and icon of French numismatics. It is depicted practicing discus throwing in an ‘ancient’ way in reference to the Olympic Games of the Antique era. His silhouette blends with the one of the Arc de Triomphe, a key element of Parisian heritage. It forms a common axis with this emblematic monument of victory. In the background, an athletics track in which the emblem of Paris 2024 is inserted on the right side, is represented. The year date, the mention RF and the mintmarks are inserted under the arch and around the foot of the Arc. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[409]	Finland	Climatology in Finland	400,000 coins	30 September 2022
[409]	Description: The theme of the coin is a stylized beard lichen, with its root like structure embossed in the centre of the inner part of the coin. The outer sides of the inner part of the coin bear the lettering ‘CLIMATE RESEARCH’ in Finnish on the left-hand side and ‘CLIMATE RESEARCH’ in Swedish on the right-hand side. The bottom of the inner part of the coin bears the lettering ‘2022 FI’. The top of the inner part of the coin bears the mintmark of the Mint of Finland. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[410]	San Marino	200 years since the death of Antonio Canova	55,000 coins	4 October 2022
[410]	Description: The goddess Hebe is depicted in the centre of the inner ring, taken from the work of Antonio Canova, conserved at the Art gallery of the Civic Museum of San Domenico in Forlì. Around are the inscriptions ‘CANOVA’ and ‘SAN MARINO’. At the left is the year ‘1822’ and the initials of the author Antonio Vecchio, and at the right the year of issuance ‘2022’ and the letter R, identifying the Mint of Rome. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[411]	Slovakia	300 years since the first steam engine for pumping pit water	1 million coins	5 October 2022
[411]	Description: The design depicts an atmospheric steam engine for draining water from mines, the one constructed in the mining town of Nová Baňa in 1722 as the first of its kind in continental Europe. It was designed and built by English engineer Isaac Potter, whose facsimile signature is inscribed sideways, on two lines, in the lower left part of the design. On the right side of the engine, again written sideways, are the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKO’ and, to its right, the years ‘1722’ and ‘2022’ separated by a medial dot. Next to the left edge of the coin’s inner section, positioned one above the other, are the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the letters ‘MK’ placed between two dies, and the stylised initials of the national side designer, Peter Valach. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[412]	Malta	Hypogeum of Ħal-Saflieni Seventh of the Maltese Prehistoric Sites series	180,000 coins	17 November 2022
[412]	Description: The design shows a detail of the prehistoric site. At the top left is the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2022’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘ĦAL – SAFLIENI HYPOGEUM’ and underneath the inscription ‘4 000 – 2 500 BC’. At the bottom right are the initials of the creator of the design Noel Galea Bason ‘NGB’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[413]	Malta	United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security	53,000 coins	17 November 2022
[413]	Description: The design shows three female faces. From the top left to the bottom left are the inscriptions ‘WOMEN’, ‘PEACE’, ‘SECURITY’, the year of issuance ‘2022’ and the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’. At the centre, underneath the faces, are the inscriptions ‘UNSCR’ and ‘1325’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[414]	Lithuania	Suvalkija Fourth of the Lithuanian Ethnographical Regions series	495,000 coins	20 December 2022
[414]	Description: The design depicts a Taurus on the escutcheon, while the escutcheon is decorated on both sides with silver oak branches with acorns. The branches are joined at the bottom with a silver ribbon bearing the inscription ‘VIENYBĖ TEŽYDI’ (UNITY MAY BLOSSOM). Oak branches symbolize the rich history of the region that goes back to the pagan times of the Lithuanian state. In the past, Taurus was the most widespread animal in this region. The composition is surrounded by the inscription ‘LIETUVA’ (LITHUANIA) and the year of issuance ‘2022’ on the top, and the inscription ‘SUVALKIJA’ and the mintmark of the Lithuanian Mint at the bottom. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[415]	Andorra	Charlemagne	70,000 coins	16 January 2023
[415]	Description: Legend has it that Emperor Charlemagne was the founder of Andorra in the year 805 and that he granted its inhabitants their own legal status. The design of the coin represents this legend deeply rooted in the history and culture of Andorra and shows, in its background, a landscape with mountains and a river, representing the rich scenery of our country, with the name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’. The foreground of the design depicts a partial reproduction of the well-known portrait of Emperor Charlemagne by the artist Albrecht Dürer and the year of issue ‘2022’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[416]	Andorra	Andorra–European Union relations	70,000 coins	16 January 2023
[416]	Description: The different shapes and sizes of the puzzle pieces depicted in the lower part of the design symbolize the Principality of Andorra and the countries belonging to the European Union. In the upper part of the design, the stars encircling the symbol of the common European currency represent that they are all part of the euro universe. Next to them, the name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’ and the years of the commemoration ‘2012’ and ‘2022’ are featured. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2022 commonly issued coin

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[417]	European Union	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	36,771,000 coins	1 July 2022
[417]	Description: To celebrate 35 years of the Eramus programme, euro-area Finance Ministers decided that euro-area Member States would strike a 2-euro commemorative coin using a common design on the national side. The public selected the winning design by web-voting. Voters had a choice of six designs, which had been pre-selected by a professional jury following a design competition among euro area Member States, and they chose the design created by Mr Joaquin Jimenez, professional designer at the Monnaie de Paris. The design is a mix of two major elements of the Erasmus programme: the original intellectual inspiration, Erasmus himself, and the allegory of its influence over Europe. The first one is symbolised by one of the most known depiction of Erasmus. The second one is symbolised by a beam of links going across the coin from a beacon to another, representing the numerous intellectual and human exchanges between the European students. As a reference to Europe, some of these links form other stars, born from the synergy between the countries. The figure 35, for 35th anniversary comes out from the stars in a contemporary graphical style. Next to the right hand of Erasmus are the initials of the designer (J.J.). The indication 1987-2022, the words ERASMUS PROGRAMME in different languages and the name(s) of the issuing country in the national language(s) (or an abbreviation) appear too. The outer ring depicts the twelve stars of the European flag.
	Austria	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	1,060,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMM, REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH
	Belgium	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	1 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, BE
	Cyprus	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	412,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, ΚΥΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS
	Estonia	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	1 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUSE PROGRAMM, EESTI
	Finland	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	401,500 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS OHJELMA PROGRAMMET, FI
	Germany	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	20 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, D
	Greece	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	745,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ
	Ireland	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	500,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, ÉIRE
	Italy	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	3 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, RI
	Latvia	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	308,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMMA, LATVIJA
	Lithuania	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	300,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMA, LIETUVA
	Luxembourg	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	500,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, LËTZEBUERG As with the previous common commemorative coins, an obligatory latent image was added to the Luxembourgish edition. In this case, the monogram of Grand Duke Henri (the letter ‘H’ topped with a crown) representing the Duke. The monogram is located at the top of the coin.
	Netherlands	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	570,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMMA, NL
	Portugal	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	500,000 coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, PROGRAMA ERASMUS, PORTUGAL
	Slovakia	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	1 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, SLOVENSKO
	Slovenia	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	1 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2012, PROGRAM ERASMUS, SLOVENIJA
	Spain	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	1 million coins	1 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, ESPAÑA
	France	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	3,500,000 coins	6 July 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, RF
	Malta	35 years of the Erasmus Programme	82,500 coins	17 November 2022
	Inscription: 1987-2022, ERASMUS PROGRAMME, MALTA

2023 coinage

Image	Country	Feature	Volume	Date
[418]	France	Sower Third of the 2024 Summer Olympics series	280,000 coins	10 January 2023
[418]	Description: The design of the coin depicts the Sower, a national figure and icon of French numismatics, practicing pugilism, the forerunner of boxing, in reference to the Antic Olympic Games. Her silhouette is in the foreground in front of the Pont-Neuf and its surroundings, typical of the Ile de la Cité area, a key element of the Parisian landscape. In the background, an athletic track, into which the emblem of Paris 2024 is inserted on the right-hand side, is represented. The year date, the RF mention and the mintmarks are inserted under the arch, on the bridge railing and in the Seine. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[419]	Germany	Hamburg's Elbphilharmonie First of the Bundesländer II series	30 million coins	24 January 2023
[419]	Description: The design shows the Elbphilharmonie concert hall, Hamburg’s newest landmark. The impressive and detailed representation of the concert building against the background of the maritime urban landscape represents the Land of Hamburg in an exceptionally convincing manner. The left half of the coin’s inner section includes Germany’s issuing country code, ‘D’, the year ‘2023’ and the mintmark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’). The right half features the artist’s initials, and the lower part features the inscription ‘HAMBURG’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[420]	Slovakia	100 years since the first blood transfusion in Slovakia	1 million coins	2 March 2023
[420]	Description: The design features an equilateral cross as an internationally recognised symbol of medical aid, hope and humanity. Inscribed in each arm is one of the four blood groups: A, B, 0, and AB. Incused within the cross are two more equilateral crosses, one within the other, with a drop of blood appearing at the centre of this image. Depicted around the central cross are the equally spaced lower parts of eight test tubes, each containing an incused stylised blood drop. Between each tube is a blood drop in relief. To the right of the bottom tube are the stylised initials ‘MP’, referring to the national side’s designer Mária Poldaufová; to the left is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the letters ‘MK’ placed between two dies. Around most of the edge of the coin’s inner part is the inscription ‘PRVÁ TRANSFÚZIA KRVI 1923 – 2023’ (in English the words mean ‘first blood transfusion’). Along the lower part of the edge is the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKO’, with a dot on either side separating it from the inscription. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[421]	Lithuania	Together with Ukraine	500,000 coins	16 March 2023
[421]	Description: The design features a stylised sunflower in the centre, with petals looking like silhouettes of people holding hands, embracing, protecting each other, embodying unity, support and the power of being together. Using artistic means the sunflower is designed as the rising Sun, the hope of a new beginning, birds, freedom, hope and courage, as people rising above the circumstances, never accepting any imposed will, as an allusion to those who have sacrificed their lives and their departing souls. The composition is surrounded by the inscriptions ‘LIETUVA’ (LITHUANIA), ‘KARTU SU UKRAINA’ (TOGETHER WITH UKRAINE), the year of issue ‘2023’ and the mintmark of the Lithuanian Mint. The coin is designed by Eglė Žemaitė. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[422]	Finland	First Finnish Nature Conservation Act	400,000 coins	21 March 2023
[422]	Description: The theme of the coin is a stylized beetle. On the top in semi-circle is the lettering ‘NATURE CONSERVATION’ in Finnish and at the bottom in semi-circle are the lettering ‘NATURE CONSERVATION’ in Swedish and the year of issuance ‘2023’. The right-hand side of the inner part of the coin bears the lettering ‘FI’. The left-hand side of the inner part of the coin bears the mintmark of the Mint of Finland. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[423]	Italy	Italy 100 Years of the Italian Air Force	3 million coins	21 March 2023
[423]	Description: The design depicts the reproduction of the logo of the Centenary of the Air Force. On the left ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome; above, ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic; below, the arch-shaped inscription ‘AERONAUTICA MILITARE’; on the right, ‘VdS’, initials of the designer Valerio De Seta. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[424]	Spain	Old Town of Cáceres Fourteenth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	1 million coins	28 March 2023
[424]	Description: The Old Town of Cáceres is an urban ensemble located in the Autonomous Community of Extremadura in the west of the Iberian Peninsula. The design depicts a panoramic view of the monumental complex, specifically of the main square. At the top and in capital letters are the word ‘ESPAÑA’ and the year of minting ‘2023’. On the upper right hand is the mintmark. At the bottom and in capital letters is the word ‘CÁCERES’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[425]	Germany	1275 birthday of Charlemagne	20 million coins	30 March 2023
[425]	Description: The design combines two contemporary elements: Charlemagne’s personal monogram and the octagon of Aachen Cathedral. The two motifs are deftly merged into a distinctive work of art. The strength of the design lies in its dynamic, three-dimensional quality. Overall, it is an innovative tribute to an outstanding figure in European history. The coin’s inner ring also features the inscription ‘KARL DER GROßE’ (‘Charlemagne’) at the top and, in the bottom half, the year of issue ‘2023’, the dates ‘748–814’, Germany’s issuing country code ‘D’, the mint mark of the respective mint (‘A’, ‘D’, ‘F’, ‘G’ or ‘J’) and the artist’s initials (‘TW’). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[426]	Luxembourg	25th anniversary of the admission of Grand Duke Henri as a member of the International Olympic Committee	500,000 coins	24 April 2023
[426]	Description: The design depicts the effigy of the Grand Duke Henri looking to the right and to the figure ‘25’. Several pictograms of Olympic disciplines are shown close to the effigy. Below the effigy, three intersecting circles are enriching the design. At the bottom right, the text ‘MEMBER VUM INTERNATIONALEN OLYMPESCHE KOMMITEE’ is depicted. The name of the country ‘LËTZEBUERG’ as well as the text ‘GROUSSHERZOG HENRI’ are represented at the left. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[427]	Luxembourg	175th Anniversary of the Chamber of Deputies and the First Constitution	500,000 coins	24 April 2023
[427]	Description: The design depicts at the left-hand side the effigy of the Grand Duke Henri and at the right-hand side the building of the Chamber of Deputies. The year date ‘1848’ and the text ‘Chambre des députés’ appear above and at the right of the building. At the bottom centre, the name of the issuing country ‘LUXEMBOURG’ as well as the issuing year date ‘2023’ are represented. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[428]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Pietro Perugino	56,000 coins	27 April 2023
[428]	Description: The design shows in the centre the Virgin Mary with the Child Jesus, detail of the painting ‘Madonna with Child, Saint Sebastian and Saint John the Baptist’ by Perugino, preserved in the Uffizi Galleries (Florence). At the left-hand side are the inscription ‘PERUGINO’, the dates ‘1523’ and ‘2023’ and the mintmark ‘R’. At the right- hand side is the name of the issuing country ‘SAN MARINO’ and at the bottom right are the initials of the author Maria Angela Cassol, MAC. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[429]	Estonia	Barn swallow, the national bird of Estonia Second of the Estonian National Symbols series	1 million coins	12 May 2023
[429]	Description: The design depicts the silhouette of the barn swallow with the text ‘HIRUNDO RUSTICA’ (the barn swallow in Latin) at the top right, in semi-circle. At the bottom is the name of the issuing country ‘EESTI’ and underneath the year of issuance ‘2023’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[430]	Italy	150th anniversary of the death of Alessandro Manzoni	3 million coins	15 May 2023
[430]	Description: The design features the half-length portrait of Alessandro Manzoni, inspired by the image of the Italian writer as depicted on the 100 000 lire banknote issued in 1967. On the left, ‘RI’, acronym of the Italian Republic, the dates ‘1873-2023’, the year of the death of the writer and the year of the coin’s issue, respectively, and the arch-shaped inscription ‘ALESSANDRO MANZONI’. On the right, ‘R’, identifying the Mint of Rome, and ‘AV’, initials of the designer Antonio Vecchio. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[431]	Latvia	The Ukraine Sunflower	415,000 coins	30 May 2023
[431]	Description: The design represents a sunflower, which is one of the national symbols of Ukraine, as Ukraine is one of the biggest sunflower oil producers and exporters worldwide. Since the start of the Russian invasion, the sunflower has become a global symbol for peace. For the first time sunflowers were used as a peace symbol in the summer of 1996. Then they were planted in a military base near Pervomaysk, approximately 155 miles south of the capital Kyiv. Now sunflowers are used as a symbol of peace and support to Ukraine worldwide. At the top, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘SLAVA UKRAINAI!’ (Glory to Ukraine) and at the bottom, in semi-circle, is the name of the issuing country ‘LATVIJA’ followed by the year of issuance ‘2023’. The author of the design is the Latvian artist Krišs Salmanis. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[432]	Monaco	The centenary of the birth of Prince Rainier III	25,000 coins	31 May 2023
[432]	Description: The design shows the portrait of Prince Rainier III. At the top, in semi-circle, is the name of the issuing country ‘MONACO’ followed by the year of issuance ‘2023’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘RAINIER III’ followed by the date ‘ 31 MAI 1923 ’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[433]	Vatican City	The 5th Centenary of the death of Pietro Perugino	82,500 coins	20 June 2023
[433]	Description: The design features Perugino’s portrait and a particular of the Baptism, fresco in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. At the top right, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘PERUGINO’ and underneath it the dates ‘1523◦2023’. At the left is the mintmark ‘R’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[434]	Belgium	The ‘year of art nouveau’, which takes place during 2023 in Belgium	155,000 coins	20 June 2023
[434]	Description: The design shows a decorative detail from the facade of the ‘Hotel Van Eetvelde’, an iconic town house in Brussels which has been designed by the Belgian art nouveau architect Victor Horta and has been recognized as Unesco World Heritage. The curved, asymmetrical lines of this decorative detail reflect the characteristic nature-inspired style of the art nouveau movement. This detail fills up the bottom half of the piece, leaving a vacant space on the upper half, which is filled with the description ‘ART NOUVEAU’. At the far right are the initials of the designer Iris Bruijns located. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located on the far left together with the Belgian mint director mintmark, an aster flower in front of an Erlenmeyer flask, the country code BE and the year mark 2023. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[435]	Ireland	The 50th anniversary of Ireland’s membership of the European Union	500,000 coins	22 June 2023
[435]	Description: The design depicts a modification to the ‘EU50’ programme logo used by Government Departments to promote events marking the 50th anniversary of Ireland’s EU membership. The name of the issuing country ‘ÉIRE’ is inserted above the logo. The year ‘1973’ is referenced to recognise the year Ireland joined the EU as well as ‘2023’ to mark the coin issue year. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[436]	Greece	100th anniversary of the birth of Maria Callas	750,000 coins	27 June 2023
[436]	Description: The design features a portrait of the legendary Greek soprano Maria Callas. Inscribed along the inner edge is the wording ‘100 YEARS FROM THE BIRTH OF MARIA CALLAS’, and at the right the minting year ‘2023’ and a palmette (mintmark of the Greek Mint); below the portrait runs the inscription ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[437]	Spain	The Spanish Presidency of the Council of the EU	1,500,000 coins	3 July 2023
[437]	Description: The design shows two images. The first one is the logo of the Spanish Presidency of the Council of the EU. Surrounding the logo are the captions: “ESPANA 2023 – PRESIDENCIA ESPANOLA and ‘CONSEJO DE LA UNION EUROPEA’ (Spain 2023 – Spanish Presidency and Council of the European Union). The second image, in the lower part, represents the mint mark of the Fabrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre Real Casa de la Moneda with the crowned ‘M’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[438]	France	2023 Rugby World Cup	15 million coins	4 July 2023
[438]	Description: The design represents a stylized rugby player making a pass. In the background, the rugby field is the globe on which the rugby goalposts are placed. The set is part of an imaginary rugby galaxy where the other planets are oval. The emblem of the competition is inserted next to the player, while the name of the competition surrounds the design. The indication of the issuing country ‘RF’, the mintmark and the mint master mark are inserted under the image on the right-hand side. The name of the competition, the issuing country ‘FRANCE’ and the year ‘2023’ are inserted on the left hand side. The name of the competition surrounding the design, as well as and the ‘RF’ mention appear in the official font of the event, called Mobius. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[439]	Portugal	World Youth Day 2023	1 million coins	19 July 2023
[439]	Description: The design depicts the Pilgrim Cross, a set of human-like figures of different sizes and textures displayed as in a globe. At the bottom, two hands envelop the whole in a welcoming gesture of the inclusion and universality that is implied in this gathering. On the top edge, two inscriptions read ‘JORNADA MUNDIAL DA JUVENTUDE’ (Portuguese for WORLD YOUTH DAY) and ‘LISBOA 2023’. On the below edge, the coat of arms of Portugal, the inscription ‘PORTUGAL’, the mintmark ‘CASA DA MOEDA’ (the name of the Portuguese Mint) and the name of the designer ‘JOÃO DUARTE’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[440]	Finland	Social and Health Services	400,000 coins	7 August 2023
[440]	Description: The design represents a stylized map of Finland. The left-hand side bears the lettering ‘WELL-BEING’ in Finnish and Swedish. The year of issuance ‘2023’ is slightly on the left-hand side in the middle of the coin. At the bottom is the indication of the issuing country ‘FI’. At the right hand-side is the mintmark of the Mint of Finland. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[441]	San Marino	500th anniversary of the death of Luca Signorelli	56,000 coins	5 September 2023
[441]	Description: The design shows an angel in the centre, a detail from the painting ‘Il Paradiso’ by Luca Signorelli, preserved in the Chapel of San Brizio in the Cathedral of Orvieto. At the left-hand side is the letter R, identifying the Mint of Rome. In semi-circle at the bottom left is the word ‘SIGNORELLI’. At the right-hand side is the name of the issuing country ‘SAN MARINO’, and at the top the years ‘1523 2023’. In the lower centre are the initials of the author Marta Bonifacio, MB. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[442]	Malta	225th anniversary of the French invasion of Malta	85,500 coins	14 September 2023
[442]	Description: In June 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte ended the rule of the Order of St John in Malta. During his short stay in Malta, Napoleon established a Republican Government and issued a thorough reform of laws and institutions of Malta. The design depicts a personification of the French Republic as depicted on the official letterheads of the period. At the left-hand side is the inscription ‘225th ANNIVERSARY’ followed from the top to the right, in semi-circle, by the inscription ‘ARRIVAL OF THE FRENCH IN MALTA’. At the bottom is the year of issuance ‘2023’. The inscriptions ‘Liberté’ (Freedom) and ‘Egalité’ (Equality) are at the left and right side of the image, respectively. At the top left of the inscription ‘Egalité’ are the years ‘1798-2023’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[443]	Malta	550th Anniversary of the Birth of Nicolaus Copernicus	95,500 coins	14 September 2023
[443]	Description: The design depicts a profile portrait of Copernicus, together with a stylized heliocentric representation of the universe as proposed by Copernicus. At the top left is the inscription ‘NICOLAUS COPERNICUS 1473 – 1543’ and at the bottom left is the name of the issuing country ‘MALTA’ followed by the year of issuance ‘2023’. Also at the bottom is the signature of the artist Daniela Fusco ‘FUSCO’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[444]	Greece	150th anniversary the birth of Constantin Carathéodory	750,000 coins	14 September 2023
[444]	Description:The design features a portrait of the Greek mathematician Constantin Carathéodory. Inscribed along the inner edge at the left is the wording ‘CONSTANTIN CARATHÉODORY 1873-1950’, and at right the minting year ‘2023’ and a palmette (mintmark of the Greek Mint); below the portrait runs the inscription ‘HELLENIC REPUBLIC’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[445]	Croatia	The introduction of the euro as the official currency of Croatia on 1 January 2023	250,000 coins	15 September 2023
[445]	Description: The design features the inscriptions of the issuing country ‘HRVATSKA’ (Croatia) and the year of issuance ‘2023.’, depicted horizontally, as well as the words ‘ČLANICA EUROPODRUČJA’ (member of the euro area), which are inscribed along the outer edge of the coin’s core. These inscriptions symbolically form a stylised symbol of the euro ‘€’. The other central motive of the coin is Croatia's distinctive and recognisable symbol, the Croatian checkerboard, which represents part of the coat of arms of the Republic of Croatia. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[446]	Cyprus	The 60th anniversary of the foundation of the Central Bank of Cyprus	412,000 coins	2 October 2023
[446]	Description: The design depicts tools on a microchip symbolising the stability of the economy in the modern industrial and digital era secured by the Central Bank of Cyprus, which celebrates 60 years of existence. The issuing country's name ‘ΚYΠΡΟΣ KIBRIS’ and the dates ‘1963-2023’ are at the bottom. Additionally, the phrase ‘60 ΧΡOΝΙΑ ΑΠO ΤΗΝ IΔΡΥΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΕΝΤΡΙKHΣ ΤΡAΠΕΖΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΚYΠΡΟΥ’ (i.e. 60 years since the foundation of the Central Bank of Cyprus) is inscribed on the inner part of the national side of the coin. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[447]	Slovakia	200 years since the start of regular stagecoaches Vienna–Bratislava	1 million coins	11 October 2023
[447]	Description: The design’s symbolic depiction of the express mail coach service between Vienna and Bratislava features a horse-drawn coach in rapid motion and a centrally placed rectangular inset containing a post-horn. Inscribed below the image is the year ‘1823’, when the express mail service began operation, and below that date are the city names in Slovak, ‘VIEDEŇ’ and ‘BRATISLAVA’, one above the other. At the bottom of the coin’s inner circle is the year of issuance ‘2023’, separated from the text above by a horizontal line. The name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENSKO’ is inscribed along the upper edge of the design. To the right of the coach is the mint mark of the Kremnica Mint (Mincovňa Kremnica), consisting of the letters ‘MK’ placed between two dies. Just below the mark are the stylised initials ‘MP’, referring to the national side’s designer Mária Poldaufová. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[448]	Belgium	75 Years of Women's Voting Rights in Belgium	120,000 coins	25 October 2023
[448]	Description: The design depicts in the centre a box on a ballot paper, which is being coloured in by a pencil. The coloured box is overlapped by the Venus symbol (the gender symbol for woman/female). At the bottom left next to the central image is inscribed 75 JAAR ANS. Surrounding the central image are also inscriptions in Dutch and French: ‘ALGEMEEN VROUWENKIESRECHT’ – ‘SUFFRAGE UNIVERSEL FÉMININ’. At the bottom of the piece are located the initials of the designer Iris Bruijns. As the Royal Dutch Mint will strike the coins, the mintmark of Utrecht, a mercury staff is located at the right side of the piece, together with the Belgian mint master mark, an aster flower in front of an Erlenmeyer flask, the country code ‘BE’ and the year mark ‘2023’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[449]	Vatican City	150th anniversary of the death of Alessandro Manzoni	82,500 coins	27 October 2023
[449]	Description: The design features Manzoni’s portrait, a pen and the beginning of his masterpiece, ‘I Promessi Sposi’. At the top, from left to right, in semi-circle, is the inscription ‘CITTÀ DEL VATICANO’. At the bottom is the inscription ‘Alessandro Manzoni’ and underneath it the dates ‘1873◦2023’. At the left is the mintmark ‘R’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[450]	Portugal	Peace among nations	1 million coins	15 November 2023
[450]	Description: The design radially displays the word ‘PAZ’ (PEACE) in the 16 official idioms spoken in all 20 countries of the Euro Zone as of January 2023. The inscription at the top reads ‘PORTUGAL’, followed by the year of issuance ‘2023’ at the top right; at the top left is the name of the designer ‘José S. Teixeira’ and at the left the mintmark ‘CASA DA MOEDA’, the name of the Portuguese Mint. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[451]	Andorra	Summer solstice	70,000 coins	27 November 2023
[451]	Description: The summer solstice fire festivals were inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2015. They are traditional and popular festivities widely celebrated in Andorra each year. The design reproduces a human figure, named ‘fallaire’, wearing a traditional cape and tracing a circle of fire with the ‘falla’. This is the main element of the festival and consists of tree barks that, once lit, they are energetically whirled around creating large circles of fire. The graphic composition of lines in the background of the design represents the summer solstice together with the name of the issuing country ‘ANDORRA’ and the year ‘2023’. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[452]	Andorra	30 years in UN	70,000 coins	27 November 2023
[452]	Description: The United Nations is represented by two symbolic elements: two laurel wreaths and a globe, which forms part of the number 30 that has been represented, with the inscription ANYS (years) and the year date 2023 below. In the upper part of the design there is the coat of arms of Andorra and the inscription ‘ANDORRA MEMBRE DE LES NACIONS UNIDES’ (Andorra member of the United Nations). The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

[453]	Slovenia	150th anniversary of the birth of Josip Plemelj	990,250 coins	19 December 2023
[453]	Description: The design displays parts of the equation that Josip Plemelj solved as a first person in the world. Numbers and symbols rotate on circumferences that depict planet rotation, movement in space, as well as composing individual unsolvable elements into whole. That way the design shows both fields of Josip Plemelj's work, i.e. mathematics and astronomy. The inscription ‘JOSIP PLEMELJ 1873’, the name of the issuing country ‘SLOVENIJA’ and the year of issuance ‘2023’ are integrated in the design. The coin’s outer ring depicts the 12 stars of the European flag.

2024 coinage

Country	Feature	Volume	Date
France	Paris Olympics	510,000 coins	9 January 2024
Description:

Belgium	Presidency of the country in the Council of the European Union	2,130,000 coins	15 January 2024
Description:

Luxembourg	175th anniversary of the death of Grand Duke Guillaume II	128,500 coins	29 January 2024
Description:

Luxembourg	100th anniversary of the introduction of the franc coins with the Feierstëppler	128,500 coins	29 January 2024
Description:

Germany	Königsstuhl in Jasmund National Park	30,200,500 coins	30 January 2024
Description:

Spain	National Police Corps	1,509,500 coins	2 February 2024
Description:

Spain	Cathedral, Alcázar and General Archive of the Indies in Seville Fifteenth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	1,507,000 coins	2 February 2024
Description:

Italy	250th anniversary of the founding of the financial police	3,000,000 coins	12 March 2024
Description:

Finland	Elections and Democracy	400,000 coins	14 March 2024
Description:

Germany	175th anniversary of the Paulskirche Constitution	30,210,000 coins	21 March 2024
Description:

Italy	Rita Levi-Montalcini	3,000,000 coins	22 April 2024
Description:

Portugal	50th Anniversary of Revolution of the Carnations on April 25th, 1974	515,000 coins	22 April 2024
Description:

San Marino	50th anniversary of the Declaration of Civil Rights and the Fundamental Principles of the Legal System of San Marino	56,000 coins	23 April 2024
Description:

Belgium	Fight against cancer	125,000 coins	13 May 2024
Description:

Estonia	Cornflower, the national flower of Estonia Third of the Estonian National Symbols series	1,000,000 coins	21 May 2024
Description:

France	Eiffel tower - Paris Paralympics	500,000 coins	10 June 2024
Description:

Greece	100th Anniversary of the children's book author Penelope Delta	750,000 coins	17 June 2024
Description:

Greece	50th Anniversary of the restoration of democracy	750,000 coins	17 June 2024
Description:

Monaco	500 years of the contract with Charles V	15,000 coins	17 June 2024
Description:

Croatia	Dedicated to the City of Varaždin, first coin of the Croatian cities series	200,000 coins	2 July 2024
Description:

Vatican City	750th anniversary of the death of Thomas Aquinas	67,000 coins	3 July 2024
Description:

Portugal	Dedicated to the Olympic Team of Portugal Paris 2024	520,000 coins	4 July 2024
Description:

Malta	Honey Bee	80,000 coins	26 August 2024
Description:

Malta	Citadelle Gozo Victoria	90,000 coins	26 August 2024
Description:

Finland	Architecture of Finland	400,000 coins	30 August 2024
Description:

San Marino	530th anniversary of the death of Domenico Ghirlandaio	56,000 coins	5 September 2024
Description:

Slovakia	100 years of Košice Peace Marathon	989,000 coins	19 September 2024
Description:

Lithuania	Straw gardens in Lithuania	495,000 coins	25 September 2024
Description:

Vatican City	150th birthday of Guglielmo Marconi	TBA	7 October 2024
Description:

Croatia	Marko Marulić	200,000 coins	15 October 2024
Description:

Slovenia	250 years of the National and University Library of Slovenia	1,000,000 coins	6 November 2024
Description:

Latvia	Himmeli (Christmas decoration)	TBA	TBA
Description:

2025 coinage

Country	Feature	Volume	Date
Slovakia	100 years since the Ice hockey European Championships in High Tatras	TBA	January 2025
Description:

Spain	Old City of Salamanca Sixteenth of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites series	TBA	TBA
Description:

References

This article incorporates text by Official Journal of the European Union available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

^ ^a ^b ^c "REGULATION (EU) No 651/2012 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 July 2012 on the issuance of euro coins". Archived from the original on 30 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e FDC = first date of circulation
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