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what - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

what

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt (“what”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód (“what”), neuter form of *kʷós (“who”). Cognate with Scots whit (“what”), North Frisian wat (“what”), Saterland Frisian wat (“what”), West Frisian wat (“what”), Dutch wat (“what”), Low German wat (“what”), German was (“what”), Danish hvad (“what”), Norwegian Bokmål hva (“what”), Swedish vad (“what”), Norwegian Nynorsk kva (“what”), Icelandic hvað (“what”), Latin quod (“what, which”).

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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what

  1. (interrogative) Which, especially which of an open-ended set of possibilities.
    What colour are you going to use?
    What time is it?
    What kind of car is that?
  2. (indirect interrogative) Which.
    I wonder what colour he is going to use.
    I know what colour I am going to use.
    That depends on what answer is received.
  3. (relative) Any ... that; all ... that; whatever.
    He seems to have lost what sense he had.
    What money I earn is soon spent.
  4. Emphasises that something is noteworthy or remarkable in quality or degree, in either a good or bad way; may be used in combination with certain other determiners, especially 'a', less often 'some'.
    This shows what beauty there is in nature.
    You know what nonsense she talks.
    I found out what a liar he is.
    1. (exclamative) Used to form exclamations indicating that something is remarkable, in either a good or bad way.
      Synonym: such
      What nonsense!
      Wow! What a speech.
      What beautiful children you have.
      With what passion she sings!
      • Little Red Riding Hood, traditional folk tale
        “Oh Granny, what big eyes you have,” said Little Red Riding Hood.

Usage notes

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In cases where both "what" and "which" are possible, with similar meaning, "what" is preferred for open-ended choices, while "which" is preferred for choices from a closed group or set. For example, "Which one of these do you want?" not "What one of these do you want?".

As used to begin an exclamation, what and such are largely interchangeable, with a few exceptions:

  • Nouns modified by such need not appear at the beginning of the sentence: She sings with such passion.
  • such requires that the noun phrase it modifies be gradable in some way. Such a disaster! is acceptable because a disaster may be minor or major in degree, but Such a movie! is not (except with the unusual meaning that the movie under discussion has especially "movie-like" qualities).

how is another word used at the beginning of a sentence to form an exclamation (How quickly he ran!), but it modifies different syntactic elements (verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and certain determinatives).

Translations

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Pronoun

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what

  1. (interrogative) Which thing, event, circumstance, etc.: used in asking for the specification of an identity, quantity, quality, etc.
    What is your name?
    Ask them what they want.
    • 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
      The gym is across from … what? — The gym is across from the lounge. — Across from the lounge. Right. Thanks!
      Audio (US):(file)
  2. (fused relative) That which; those that; the thing(s) that.
    He knows what he wants.
    What is amazing is his boundless energy.
    And, what's even worse, I have to work on Sunday too.
  3. (fused relative) Anything that; all that; whatever.
    I will do what I can to help you.
    What is mine is yours.
  4. (relative, nonstandard) That; which; who.
    'Ere! There's that bloke what I saw earlier!

Translations

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Adverb

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what (not comparable)

  1. (interrogative) In what way; to what extent.
    What does it matter?
    What do you care?
  2. Used before a prepositional phrase to emphasise that something is taken into consideration as a cause or reason; usually used in combination with 'with' (see what with), and much less commonly with other prepositions.
    • 1787, Henry St. John, Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, Letters on the Study and Use of History: A Letter to Sir William Windham, page 83:
      In short; what by the indiscretion of people here, what by the rebound which came often back from London, what by the private interests and ambitious views of persons in the French court, and what by other causes unnecessary to be examined now, the most private transactions came to light [...]
    • 1815, Rev. Mr. Milne, letter reprinted in The Evangelical Magazine and Missionary Chronicle, Volume 23, page 82. [1]
      The Chinese of all ranks, and in every place, received my books gladly, and listened with patience to what I had to say about the true God.—So that what from opportunities of attending to the object of my Mission among the Chinese—what from seasons of religious instruction to Dutch and English—what from intercourse with gentlemen of education and knowledge of the world—what from occasions of stating clearly the object of Missions, and of endeavouring to remove prejudices against them—and what from the view of a highly cultivated country, happy under an enlightened and liberal government, I have much reason to be satisfied with this journey [...]

Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Interjection

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what

  1. An expression of surprise or disbelief.
    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      What, have his daughters brought him to this pass?
    What! That’s amazing!
  2. What do you want? An abrupt, usually unfriendly enquiry as to what a person desires.
    What? I'm busy.
  3. (British, colloquial, dated) Clipping of what do you say? Used as a type of tag question to emphasise a statement and invite agreement, often rhetorically.
    • 1918, Denis Garstin, The Shilling Soldiers‎[2], London: Hodder and Stoughton, page 83:
      “That’s riled them,” said my compaion. “Good work, what?”
    • 1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:
      Chuffy: WHAT? No, no, no, no, no. My casa is your casa, what?
    It’s a nice day, what?
  4. What did you say? I beg your pardon? This usage is often considered impolite, with the more polite "Pardon?" or "Excuse me?" preferred.
    — Could I have some of those aarrrrrr mmmm ...
    — What?
  5. Indicating a guess or approximation, or a pause to try to recall information.
    I must have been, what, about five years old.

Alternative forms

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Synonyms

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Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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what (countable and uncountable, plural whats)

  1. (obsolete, uncountable) Something; thing; stuff.
  2. (countable) The identity of a thing, as an answer to a question of what.
    • 2005, Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, page 493:
      The emphasis on the interplay between the hows and whats of interpretive practice is paramount.
  3. (countable) Something that is addressed by what, as opposed to a person, addressed by who.
    • 2012, "We Are Both", season 2, episode 2 of Once Upon a Time
      Regina: What are you?
      Rumplestiltskin: What? What? What? My, my, what a rude question! I am not a what.

Particle

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what

  1. (Manglish, Singlish) Emphasizes the truth of an assertion made to contradict an evidently false assumption held by the listener.
    — Sian sia, nearby here don’t have library.
    — The National Library is a five-minute walk from here what, no meh?
    • 1978, L. C. Cheong, Youth in the Army, page 142:
      Most things come from Europe what.
    • 2007, yansimon52, soc.culture.singapore (Usenet):
      […] they can't be the same what?

Derived terms

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from all parts of speech

See also

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References

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  • Low, Ee Ling, Brown, Adam (2005) English in Singapore: An Introduction, →ISBN
  • Kuteva, Tania, Rhee, Seongha, Ziegeler, Debra, Sabban, Jessica (2018) “On sentence-final “what” in Singlish: Are you the Queen of England, or what?”, in Journal of Language Contact‎[3]

Anagrams

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Chinese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From clipping of English WhatsApp.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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what

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to WhatsApp; to send via WhatsApp

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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what

  1. what
Descendants
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Adverb

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what

  1. Why.
  2. Used to introduce each of two coordinate phrases or concepts; both...and...
    • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “primum”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III (in Middle English):
      And as for on C good knyghtes I haue my self / but I fawte / l / for so many haue ben slayne in my dayes / and so Ladegreans delyuerd his doughter Gweneuer vnto Merlyn / and the table round with the C knyghtes / and so they rode fresshly with grete royalte / what by water and what by land / tyl that they came nyghe vnto london
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Descendants
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References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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what

  1. Alternative form of whate

Scots

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English what, from Old English hwæt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat. Cognates include English what and Yola faade.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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what

  1. (interrogative) what?
  2. (relative) that, which

Adverb

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what

  1. (interrogative) how?
  2. (interrogative) why?
  3. (relative) as, than, how
  4. (exclamatory) how!

Determiner

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what

  1. (interrogative) what?
  2. (relative) what, which
  3. (exclamatory) what a lot of! how many!

Etymology 2

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From Middle English whetten, from Old English hwettan, from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan. Cognates include English whet.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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what (third-person singular simple present whats, present participle whatin, simple past whatt, past participle whatt)

  1. (transitive) to whet, hone, sharpen

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “what, pron., adv., conj., interj.,.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.
  2. ^ “what, v., n..”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Yola

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Etymology

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From Middle English whetten, from Old English hwettan, from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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what

  1. to whet
    • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:
      A skudhelès, lhaung roosta, wull glaude leth aam what.
      The knives, that were long rusty, well-pleased let them whet.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 78
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