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Link to original content: http://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/mund
mund - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Wiktionary

mund

See also: Mund and mund'

English

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Etymology

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From Middle English and Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, protection, security”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mund (countable and uncountable, plural munds)

  1. (obsolete) A hand.
  2. (obsolete) Security, granted by a king or earl, the violation of which was punished by a fine (a mundbyrd).
  3. (obsolete) Protection; guardianship.

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Albanian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Uncertain: Possibly:

Alternative forms

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Verb

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mund (aorist munda, participle mundur)

  1. (intransitive) can, to be able to; to have the opportunity, power or ability
  2. followed by të
    1. grammatical particle used for conjunctive forms
      A mund të më tregoni shtëpinë?
      Could you show me the house?
    2. (third person) could be possible; possibly, maybe, perhaps (used as a semi-auxiliary verb)
  3. to beat, win over, conquer
  4. (transitive) to defeat, beat; to emerge victorious (in a match, battle)
  5. to survive, get over, beat (a fear, illness, disease)
  6. (figurative, third person) take over (with short pronoun forms)
    Më mundi gjumi.
    The sleep took over me
  7. (mediopassive) See mundem.
Conjugation
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Standard Albanian conjugation of mund (active voice)

  • Show compound tenses:  

participle mundur
gerund duke mundur
infinitive për të mundur
singular plural
1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers. 1st pers. 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
indicative present mund mund mund mundim mundni mundin
imperfect mundja mundje mundte mundnim mundnit mundnin
aorist munda munde mundi mundëm mundët mundën
perfect kam mundur ke mundur ka mundur kemi mundur keni mundur kanë mundur
past perfect kisha mundur kishe mundur kishte mundur kishim mundur kishit mundur kishin mundur
aorist II pata mundur pate mundur pati mundur patëm mundur patët mundur patën mundur
future1 do të mund do të mundësh do të mundë do të mundim do të mundni do të mundin
future perfect2 do të kem mundur do të kesh mundur do të ketë mundur do të kemi mundur do të keni mundur do të kenë mundur
subjunctive present të mund të mundësh të mundë të mundim të mundni të mundin
imperfect të mundja të mundje të mundte të mundnim të mundnit të mundnin
perfect të kem mundur të kesh mundur të ketë mundur të kemi mundur të keni mundur të kenë mundur
past perfect të kisha mundur të kishe mundur të kishte mundur të kishim mundur të kishit mundur të kishin mundur
conditional1, 2 imperfect do të mundja do të mundje do të mundte do të mundnim do të mundnit do të mundnin
past perfect do të kisha mundur do të kishe mundur do të kishte mundur do të kishim mundur do të kishit mundur do të kishin mundur
optative present mundsha mundsh mundtë mundshim mundshit mundshin
perfect paça mundur paç mundur pastë mundur paçim mundur paçit mundur paçin mundur
admirative present mundkam mundke mundka mundkemi mundkeni mundkan
imperfect mundkësha mundkëshe mundkësh mundkëshim mundkëshit mundkëshin
perfect paskam mundur paske mundur paska mundur paskemi mundur paskeni mundur paskan mundur
past perfect paskësha mundur paskëshe mundur paskësh mundur paskëshim mundur paskëshit mundur paskëshin mundur
imperative present — mund — — mundni —
1) indicative future identical with conditional present 2) indicative future perfect identical with conditional perfect
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Çabej, E. (1986) Studime gjuhësore (in Albanian), volume I, Prishtinë: Rilindja, pages 357–358
  2. ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “mund”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
  3. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “mund”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 277–278
  4. ^ Meyer, G. (1891) “mund”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der albanesischen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in German), Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 291
  5. ^ Jokl, Norbert (1911) Studien zur albanesischen Etymologie und Wortbildung (Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-Historischen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften; 168) (in German), Vienna: A. Hölder, page 58
  6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “3. men”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 727
  7. ^ Werner Winter (1965) Evidence for Laryngeals, The Hague, Mouton, →OCLC, page 138

Etymology 2

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Probably from Proto-Indo-European *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-. Compare Old Norse munda (“aim, strive”), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽 (mundōn, “look up”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), Ancient Greek μανθάνω (manthánō, “learn”), Lithuanian mañdras (“alert, awake, smart, minxish”).

Alternative forms

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Noun

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mund m (definite mundi)

  1. agony, toil, great effort
  2. arduous and hard work (that pays off)
  3. tribulation, cause of trouble or suffer
Derived terms
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Further reading

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  • “mund”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Danish

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mund

Etymology

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From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, cognate with English mouth, German Mund.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mund c (singular definite munden, plural indefinite munde)

  1. mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested)

Declension

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Declension of mund
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative mund munden munde mundene
genitive munds mundens mundes mundenes

Derived terms

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See also

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Verb

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mund

  1. imperative of munde

Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old Norse mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.

Noun

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mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir)

  1. (poetic) hand
    Synonym: hönd
Declension
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Declension of mund (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative mund mundin mundir mundirnar
accusative mund mundina mundir mundirnar
dative mund mundinni mundum mundunum
genitive mundar mundarinnar munda mundanna
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Related to Old Norse munda (“to aim, to strive”), Old High German muntar (“keen, eager”), from Proto-Germanic *mundraz (“alert”).

Noun

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mund f (genitive singular mundar, nominative plural mundir) or
mund n (genitive singular munds, no plural)

  1. used only in set phrases
Declension
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Declension of mund (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative mund mundin mundir mundirnar
accusative mund mundina mundir mundirnar
dative mund mundinni mundum mundunum
genitive mundar mundarinnar munda mundanna
Declension of mund (sg-only neuter)
singular
indefinite definite
nominative mund mundið
accusative mund mundið
dative mundi mundinu
genitive munds mundsins
Derived terms
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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old English mund, from Proto-Germanic *mundō.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mund (plural moundes or munden)

  1. Might, ability, or skill.
  2. Magnitude, greatness, utility, or usefulness.
  3. (rare) Protection, guarding, defence
  4. (rare) A hand, especially as a measurement.
  5. (rare) A band of warriors or fighters.

Descendants

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  • English: mound, mund
  • Scots: moond

References

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Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand, guard, security”). Cognate with Old Frisian mund, Old Saxon mund.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mund f (nominative plural munda or munde)

  1. (poetic) hand, palm as a measure of length
  2. trust, security, protection
  3. protector, guardian

Usage notes

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Although mund is grammatically feminine, names formed with this element are always masculine.[1]

Declension

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Strong ō-stem:

singular plural
nominative mund munda, munde
accusative munde munda, munde
genitive munde munda
dative munde mundum

Derived terms

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Derived names

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Elizabeth Okasha (2011) Women's Names in Old English, London, England: Routledge, page 5

Old French

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Etymology

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From Latin mundus.

Noun

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mund oblique singular, m (oblique plural munz or muntz, nominative singular munz or muntz, nominative plural mund)

  1. the world

Old High German

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.

Noun

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mund m

  1. (anatomy) mouth

Declension

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Declension of mund (masculine a-stem)
case singular plural
nominative mund munda
accusative mund munda
genitive mundes mundo
dative munde mundum
instrumental mundu —

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”). Further cognates see there.

Noun

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mund f

  1. hand

Descendants

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References

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  • “mund”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Romansch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Latin mundus.

Noun

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mund m (plural munds)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan) world

Swedish

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Noun

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mund c

  1. (archaic) a mouth
    Synonym: mun

Declension

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Declension of mund
nominative genitive
singular indefinite mund munds
definite munden mundens
plural indefinite mundar mundars
definite mundarna mundarnas

Derived terms

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References

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