Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furai

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-éy, an innovative dative formation from *preh₂-.^[1] Compare Latin prae, Ancient Greek παραί (paraí) and Sanskrit पुरे (pure). Alternatively from *pr̥h₃-éy or *pr̥h₃-óy, from *perh₃-.^[2] In any case, ultimately from the root *per-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸu.rɑi̯/

Preposition

*furai [with dative]

before (spatial and temporal)
for (benefactive)
for (causal): because of

Adverb

*furai

before, in front

Related terms

*furi, *furiz, *furist

Descendants

In most of the daughter languages *furi and *furai had begun to merge in meaning and to varying degrees in form.^[3]

Proto-West Germanic: *forē
- Old English: fore
  - Middle English: fore
    - Scots: fore
    - English: fore
- Old Frisian: fora, fore
- Old Saxon: fora, for, fore, fur, far
  - German Low German: för, vär, veer, ver (Low Prussian), vör, vœr
- Old Dutch: fora, fore
  - Middle Dutch: vōre, vor, vōor
    - Dutch: voor, vore
      - Afrikaans: voor
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: foro
      - Javindo: foor
      - Negerhollands: voor, fo, for
      - Jersey Dutch: för, f'r
        → Virgin Islands Creole: voor (dated)
      - Petjo: voor, foor
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: foo, fou
    - Limburgish: veur
- Old High German: fora, for, fore
  - Middle Low German: vor, vore
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: vóar, bóar (Mezzaselva)
      Mòcheno: vour
    - Central Franconian: vür
    - German: vor
Old Norse: fyrir (probably merged completely with *furi)
- Norn: for
- Old Swedish: fyri(r), for
  - Swedish: före, för
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰 (faura)

References

^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page xx: “*pr̥h₃-oi”
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*furi”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

[1] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page xx: “*pr̥h₃-oi”

[3] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*furi”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161

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