采

See also: 埰, 採, and 釆

采	U+91C7, 采 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91C7

← 釆
[U+91C6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

釈 →
[U+91C8]

Translingual

Han character

采 (Kangxi radical 165, 釆+1, 8 strokes, cangjie input 月木 (BD), four-corner 2090₄, composition ⿱爫木)

Derived characters

𤔁, 倸, 𨺉, 㥒, 䣋, 啋, 埰, 婇, 寀, 彩, 採, 𡸯, 𣶶, 𤟖, 䐆, 棌, 𣈄, 𤊕, 𤚀, 𥚖, 睬, 𤷕, 𬎱, 䌽, 綵, 菜, 𨤔, 𫆇, 踩, 𧳥, 𨨫, 𩓰, 䰂

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1290, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40116
Dae Jaweon: page 1790, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3898, character 2
Unihan data for U+91C7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		采

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 采
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (采) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
采	*sʰɯːʔ
睬	*sʰɯːʔ
彩	*sʰɯːʔ
採	*sʰɯːʔ
綵	*sʰɯːʔ
寀	*sʰɯːʔ
菜	*sʰɯːs
埰	*sʰɯːs
棌	*sʰɯːs

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) . Two forms can be found in oracle bone script:

爪 (“hand”) + 果 (“fruit”) – a hand (爪) picking fruits from a tree (果 (guǒ)).
爪 (“hand”) + 木 (“tree”) – a hand (爪) picking from a tree (木 (mù)).

The current glyph is of composition 2.

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Several etymologies have been proposed:

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-n (“child; grandchild; nephew; niece”), whence Tibetan བཙའ (btsa', “to fruit, bear, bring forth”), བཙས (btsas, “to harvest, to reap”), possibly as well as 才 (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs), 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007);
Related to Tibetan ཚོད་མ (tshod ma, “vegetables”) (Schuessler, 2007);
Related to 穡 (OC *s.rək, “to reap; harvest”) (Baxter, 1992; Sagart, 1999; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cǎi (cai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhái
Eastern Min (BUC): chāi
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhái

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cǎi
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai³
  - Yale: tsǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsae
  - Palladius: цай (caj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coi²
  - Yale: chói
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhái
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cai³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhái
  - Tâi-lô: tshái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: tshojX

Rime
Character	采
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉宰切
Baxter	tshojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰʌi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰəi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɒi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰəj^X/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰᴀi^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɒi^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑ̆i^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥ˤəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰɯːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	采	采
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cǎi	cǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ tshoj^X ›	‹ tshoj^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s.r̥ˁəʔ/	/*s.r̥ˁəʔ/
English	gather, pluck	colorful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	采
Reading #	1/1
No.	1070
Phonetic component	采
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	采
Old Chinese	/*sʰɯːʔ/

Definitions

采

to pick; to pluck; to gather; to collect
alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
to pick; to choose; to select
alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
to mine; to dig
alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
to drag; to pull
alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
color
alt. forms: 綵／彩 (cǎi), 彩 (cǎi)
colored silk
alt. forms: 綵／彩 (cǎi), 彩 (cǎi)
literary talent
alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi), 綵／彩 (cǎi)

文采 ― wéncǎi ― literary talent
luster
alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)
beautiful in words but poor in content; using colorful language to cover up flaws
expression; spirit; complexion
興高采烈／兴高采烈 ― xìnggāocǎiliè ― elated
wager; stake
alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)
lucky (in gambling)
alt. forms: 彩 (cǎi)
oak
alt. forms: 棌

采椽 ― cǎichuán ― oak
to heed; to pay attention to
alt. forms: 睬 (cǎi), 採／采 (cǎi), 倸 (cǎi)
official position
alt. forms: 寀／采
vine; creeper
(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) thing
to exploit; to gain
alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
to accept
alt. forms: 採／采 (cǎi)
currency
tomb
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cài (cai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cài
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cài
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai⁴
  - Yale: tsài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
  - Palladius: цай (caj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

采

fief
alt. forms: 寀／采, 埰 (cài)
Alternative form of 菜 (cài)

Compounds

采地 (càidì)
采邑 (càiyì)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 採 (“to pick; to pluck; to select; to choose; to pick; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 採).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 采 – see 彩 (“variegated colors; rich and bright colors; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 彩).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

References

“采”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	采
Kyūjitai ^[1]	采󠄁 采+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	采󠄃 采+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

采

(Jōyō kanji)

a die, dice

Readings

Go-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kun: いろどり (irodori, 采り)、とる (toru, 采る)
Nanori: あや (aya)、うね (une)、こと (koto)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さい [sáꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [sa̠i]

Noun

采(さい) • (sai)

a die, dice

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2163 (paper), page 1133 (digital)
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

采 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2163 (paper), page 1133 (digital)

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]