延

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese and traditional Chinese (In mainland China, strokes 4 and 5 merge into a single L-shaped stroke; also, stroke 7 becomes a continuation of stroke 6.)

Han character

延 (Kangxi radical 54, 廴+5 in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 廴+4 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in Chinese in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 7 strokes in Korean, 6 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 弓大竹卜一 (NKHYM) or 弓大竹卜女 (NKHYV), four-corner 1240₁, composition ⿺廴⿳丿⺊𠃊(GK) or ⿺廴⿱丿止(HTJ) or ⿺廴⿳一⺊𠃊(V) or ⿺廴⿱⿰丅一𠃊(V)) (Note: The Simplified Chinese version of the component 𠂛 is referred to as 延字心 (yánzìxīn) in Mandarin.)

Derived characters

𠈰, 唌, 埏, 娫, 𢚀, 挻, 涎, 狿, 𮥋, 𣆴, 梴, 烻, 𤥻, 脠, 䀽, 硟, 𮁺, 䘰, 綖(𫄧), 𦕣, 𦧝, 蜒, 誕(诞), 𨁆, 𦋪, 鋋, 䩥, 駳, 鯅, 𱈁
郔, 𰜂, 㝚, 莚, 𭦋, 𮃾, 筵, 𩃀, 𫷳, 𣇇, 蜑, 䗺

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 352, character 30
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9569
Dae Jaweon: page 666, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 404, character 1
Unihan data for U+5EF6

Chinese

trad.		延
simp. ^#		延
2nd round simp.		𨒂
alternative forms		𨒌

Wikipedia has an article on:

延

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (延) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
唌	*l'aːn
誕	*l'aːnʔ
蜑	*l'aːnʔ
蛋	*l'aːns
硟	slan, l̥ʰjans
涎	ljan, lans
脠	l̥ʰan, hljan
梴	*l̥ʰan
鋋	ɦljan, lan
埏	hljan, lan
挻	*hljan
鯅	*hljan
延	lan, lans
筵	*lan
蜒	*lan
狿	lan, lans
郔	*lan
綖	*lan
莚	lan, lans

Originally 㢟, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 彳 (“walking”) + 止 (“foot”) – "to travel far". The stroke at the top started being added as a distinguishing mark at the end of the Warring States period, as a way to distinguish its usage from 㢟 as an adverb to mean "prolonged", making it an Ideogram (指事) .^[1]^[2]^[3]

Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan, *lans) : phonetic 丿 (OC *pʰleːd, *leds) + semantic 㢟.

^ 季旭昇，2004《說文新證》，台北：藝文印書館印行，2014年9月第二版。p.137-138
^ 李學勤) (2012) 《字源》, Tianjin: 天津古籍出版社。p.142-143
^ 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) - 字頭「延」

Etymology

Within Chinese, cognate with 筵 (OC *lan, “bamboo mat”), 梴 (OC *l̥ʰan, “long (of wood)”) and 誕 (OC *l'aːnʔ, “wide; ludicrous”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Burmese လှန်း (hlan:, “to dry (things) in the sun”). Probably unrelated to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *jaːr (“spread; extend; sail”), whence Tibetan གཡོར་མོ (g.yor mo, “sail”), Mizo zâr (“to spread; to spread out”), Jingpho yàn (“spread; unrolled”).

Pan (1987) suggests Vietnamese lan (“to spread”) is borrowed from Old Chinese 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iân / chhiân

(Teochew, Peng'im): iang⁶ / iêng⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶yi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jin⁴
  - Yale: yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
  - Tâi-lô: iân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiân
  - Tâi-lô: tshiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chieen
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛn²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɛn²⁴/

Note:

chhiân - vernacular;
iân - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: iang⁶ / iêng⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iăng / iĕng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ³⁵/, /ieŋ³⁵/

Note:

iang6 - Shantou;
iêng6 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: yi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/

Middle Chinese: yen, yenH

Rime
Character	延	延
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以然切	于線切
Baxter	yen	yenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇn/	/jiᴇn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛn/	/jiɛn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/jæn/	/jæn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jian/	/jian^H/
Li Rong	/iɛn/	/iɛn^H/
Wang Li	/jĭɛn/	/jĭɛn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛn/	/i̯ɛn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	yàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴	jin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*la[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*lan/, /*lans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	延
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yen ›
Old Chinese	/*la[n]/
English	extend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	延	延
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	14256	14267
Phonetic component	延	延
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	延
Old Chinese	/*lan/	/*lans/

Definitions

延

to prolong
to stretch; to extend
to engage; to send for
to delay; to postpone; to defer
a surname

Compounds

不周延 (bùzhōuyán)
俄延 (éyán)
半霎俄延
卻病延年／却病延年
周延 (zhōuyán)
外延 (wàiyán)
太延
夷延
宅延 (Zháiyán)
宛延 (wǎnyán)
居延海 (Jūyánhǎi)
展延
延企
延伸 (yánshēn)
延佇
延命菊 (yánmìngjú)
延地裡／延地里
延壽／延寿
延壽添嗣／延寿添嗣
延字心 (yánzìxīn)
延宕 (yándàng)
延展性 (yánzhǎnxìng)
延屬／延属
延師／延师
延平 (Yánpíng)
延平郡王 (Yánpíng Jùnwáng)
延年 (yánnián)
延年益壽／延年益寿 (yánniányìshòu)
延後／延后 (yánhòu)
延性 (yánxìng)
延挨
延接
延擱／延搁 (yángē)
延攬／延揽 (yánlǎn)
延敵／延敌
延會／延会
延期 (yánqī)
延款
延津 (Yánjīn)
延滯／延滞
延燒／延烧 (yánshāo)
延眺
延納／延纳
延緩／延缓 (yánhuǎn)
延線／延线
延續／延续 (yánxù)
延聘 (yánpìn)
延腦／延脑 (yánnǎo)
延蔓
延袤
延誤／延误 (yánwù)
延請／延请 (yánqǐng)
延譽／延誉
延賓／延宾
延退
延遲／延迟 (yánchí)
延邊／延边 (Yánbiān, “Yanbian”)
延醫／延医 (yányī)
延釐
延長／延长 (yáncháng)
延長線／延长线 (yánchángxiàn)
延長記號／延长记号
延長賽／延长赛
延閣／延阁
延陵
延陵掛劍／延陵挂剑
延頸／延颈
延頸企踵／延颈企踵
延頸待刃／延颈待刃
延頸舉踵／延颈举踵
延首
延髓 (yánsuǐ)
延齡客／延龄客
慢俄延
拖延 (tuōyán)
挨延
推延 (tuīyán)
曼延 (mànyán)
松鶴延年／松鹤延年
益壽延年／益寿延年 (yìshòuyánnián)
祝壽延年／祝寿延年
稽延 (jīyán)
結交延譽／结交延誉
綿延／绵延 (miányán)
綿延不絕／绵延不绝 (miányánbùjué)
綿延起伏／绵延起伏
罵毛延壽／骂毛延寿
美意延年
耽延 (dānyán)
苟延殘喘／苟延残喘 (gǒuyáncánchuǎn)
苟延殘息／苟延残息
蔓延 (mànyán)
薛延陀 (Xuēyántuó)
連延／连延
遷延／迁延 (qiānyán)
遲延／迟延 (chíyán)
順延／顺延 (shùnyán)

Japanese

Shinjitai	延
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]	延󠄂 延+`󠄂`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	延󠄅 延+`󠄅`^? (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

延

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←𛀁ん (yen, ancient)}
Kan-on: えん (en, Jōyō)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←𛀁ん (yen, ancient)}
Kun: のびる (nobiru, 延びる, Jōyō)、のべる (noberu, 延べる, Jōyō)、のばす (nobasu, 延ばす, Jōyō)
Nanori: すけ (suke)、すすむ (susumu)、ただし (tadashi)、とお (tō)、なが (naga)、のぶ (nobu)、のぶる (noburu)

Compounds

延(えん)引(いん) (en'in)
延(えん)飲(いん) (en'in)
延(えん)延(えん) (en'en)
延(えん)縁(えん) (en'en)
延(えん)応(おう) (En'ō)
延(えん)音(おん) (en'on)
延(えん)会(かい) (enkai)
延(えん)款(かん) (enkan)
延(えん)期(き) (enki)
延(えん)企(き) (enki)
延(えん)喜(ぎ) (Engi)
延(えん)久(きゅう) (Enkyū)
延(えん)及(きゅう) (enkyū)
延(えん)享(きょう) (Enkyō)
延(えん)仰(ぎょう) (engyō)
延(えん)慶(ぎょう) (Engyō)
延(えん)頸(けい) (enkei)
延(えん)慶(けい) (Enkei)
延(えん)迎(げい) (engei)
延(えん)結(けつ) (enketsu)
延(えん)見(けん) (enken)
延(えん)元(げん) (Engen)
延(えん)言(げん) (engen)
延(えん)顧(こ) (enko)
延(えん)亘(こう) (enkō)
延(えん)視(し) (enshi)
延(えん)首(しゅ) (enshu)
延(えん)寿(じゅ) (enju)
延(えん)焼(しょう) (enshō)
延(えん)伸(しん) (enshin)
延(えん)髄(ずい) (enzui)
延(えん)世(せい) (ensei)
延(えん)声(せい) (ensei)
延(えん)接(せつ) (ensetsu)
延(えん)性(せい) (ensei)
延(えん)薦(せん) (ensen)
延(えん)属(ぞく) (enzoku)
延(えん)滞(たい) (entai)
延(えん)着(ちゃく) (enchaku)
延(えん)佇(ちょ), 延(えん)竚(ちょ) (encho)
延(えん)眺(ちょう) (enchō)
延(えん)長(ちょう) (enchō)
延(えん)長(ちょう) (Enchō)
延(えん)長(ちょう)線(せん) (enchōsen)
延(えん)道(どう) (endō)
延(えん)徳(とく) (Entoku)
延(えん)入(にゅう) (ennyū)
延(えん)繞(にょう) (ennyō)
延(えん)引(にん) (ennin)
延(えん)任(にん) (ennin)
延(えん)年(ねん) (ennen)
延(えん)納(のう) (ennō)
延(えん)泊(ぱく) (enpaku)
延(えん)発(ぱつ) (enpatsu)
延(えん)文(ぶん) (Enbun)
延(えん)辺(ぺん) (enpen)
延(えん)慕(ぼ) (enbo)
延(えん)袤(ぼう) (enbō)
延(えん)望(ぼう) (enbō)
延(えん)宝(ぽう) (Enpō)
延(えん)蔓(まん), 延(えん)曼(まん) (enman)
延(えん)命(めい) (enmei)
延(えん)命(めい)菊(ぎく) (enmeigiku)
延(えん)綿(めん) (enmen)
延(えん)誉(よ) (en'yo)
延(えん)攬(らん) (enran)
延(えん)暦(りゃく) (Enryaku)
延(えん)留(りゅう) (enryū)
延(えん)齢(れい) (enrei)
延(えん)路(ろ) (enro)
圧(あつ)延(えん) (atsuen)
夷(い)延(えん) (ien)
永(えい)延(えん) (Eien)
宛(えん)延(えん), 婉(えん)延(えん) (en'en) (蜿(えん)蜒(えん))
淹(えん)延(えん) (en'en)
遐(か)延(えん) (kaen)
外(がい)延(えん) (gaien)
久(きゅう)延(えん) (kyūen)
迎(げい)延(えん) (geien)
広(こう)延(えん) (kōen)
周(しゅう)延(えん) (shūen)
順(じゅん)延(えん) (jun'en)
招(しょう)延(えん) (shōen)
親(しん)延(えん) (shin'en)
接(せつ)延(えん) (setsuen)
薛(せつ)延(えん)陀(だ) (setsuenda)
遷(せん)延(えん) (sen'en)
薦(せん)延(えん) (sen'en)
遅(ち)延(えん) (chien)
佇(ちょ)延(えん) (choen)
登(とう)延(えん) (tōen)
賓(ひん)延(えん) (hin'en)
曼(まん)延(えん) (man'en) (曼(まん)衍(えん))
蔓(まん)延(えん) (man'en) (蔓(まん)衍(えん))
綿(めん)延(えん) (men'en)
踰(ゆ)延(えん) (yuen)
連(れん)延(えん) (ren'en)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
延
えん Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 延 (MC yen).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɴ]

Affix

延(えん) • (en)

References

^ “延”, in 漢字ぺディア‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “延”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 798 (paper), page 449 (digital)
^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 506 (paper), page 266 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

延 (eumhun 늘일 연 (neuril yeon))

hanja form^? of 연 (“to stretch; to extend; to lengthen”)

Compounds

연명 (延命, yeonmyeong)

Vietnamese

Han character

延: Hán Nôm readings: diên

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 季旭昇，2004《說文新證》，台北：藝文印書館印行，2014年9月第二版。p.137-138

[2] 李學勤) (2012) 《字源》, Tianjin: 天津古籍出版社。p.142-143

[3] 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database) - 字頭「延」

[4] “延”, in 漢字ぺディア‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[5] 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “延”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

[6] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 798 (paper), page 449 (digital)

[7] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 506 (paper), page 266 (digital)

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