安石榴

Chinese

		Arsacid Empire; Parthian Empire	pomegranate
trad. (安石榴)		安石	榴
simp. ^#(安石榴)		安石	榴

Etymology

So named as it was brought to China by Zhang Qian from the Arsacid Empire (安石) in Irania.

The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 (OC *m·ru) here is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowth on the body. The reconstructed consonants of this part equal those of a wanderwort for the pomegranate present in Arabic رُمَّان (rummān, “pomegranate”), see it for other languages.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ānshíliú

(Zhuyin): ㄢㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ānshíliú
  - Zhuyin: ㄢㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: anshíhlióu
  - Wade–Giles: an¹-shih²-liu²
  - Yale: ān-shŕ-lyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: anshyrliou
  - Palladius: аньшилю (anʹšilju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'an dzyek ljuw

Rime
Character	安	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	常 (25)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	昔 (123)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	III
Fanqie	烏寒切	常隻切	力求切
Baxter	'an	dzyek	ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑn/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔan/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/luw/
Li Rong	/ʔɑn/	/ʑiɛk̚/	/liu/
Wang Li	/ɑn/	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/lĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔɑn/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ān	shí	liú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	on¹	sik⁶	lau⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːn djaɡ m·ru/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	安	安	安	石
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ān	ān	ān	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ 'an ›	‹ 'an ›	‹ 'an ›	‹ dzyek ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/	/*dAk/
English	peace(ful)	how	安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)	stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	安	石	榴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	11	11470	8886
Phonetic component	安	石	卯
Rime group	元	鐸	幽
Rime subdivision	1	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	安	石	劉
Old Chinese	/*qaːn/	/*djaɡ/	/*m·ru/

Noun

安石榴

(archaic) pomegranate

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 石榴 (“pomegranate”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		石榴, 丹若, 若榴, 楉榴, 安石榴
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		石榴, 安石榴
Taxonomic name		石榴, 安石榴
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	石榴
	Taiwan	石榴
	Chengde	石榴
	Chifeng	石榴
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	石榴
	Heihe	石榴
	Qiqihar	石榴
	Harbin	石榴
	Jiamusi	石榴
	Baicheng	石榴
	Changchun	石榴
	Tonghua	石榴
	Shenyang	石榴
	Jinzhou	石榴
	Singapore	石榴
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	石榴兒
	Tangshan	石榴
	Cangzhou	石榴
	Baoding	石榴
	Shijiazhuang	石榴
	Lijin	石榴
	Jinan	石榴
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	石榴兒
	Dandong	石榴兒
	Yantai	石榴
	Yantai (Muping)	石榴
	Qingdao	石榴
	Zhucheng	大石榴
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	石榴
	Lingbao	石榴
	Jining	石榴
	Wanrong	石榴
	Linfen	石榴
	Shangqiu	石榴
	Yuanyang	石榴
	Zhengzhou	石榴
	Xinyang	石榴
	Baihe	石榴
	Xi'an	石榴
	Baoji	石榴
	Tianshui	石榴
	Xining	石榴
	Xuzhou	石榴
	Fuyang	石榴
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	石榴
	Lanzhou	石榴
	Dunhuang	石榴
	Hami	石榴
	Ürümqi	石榴
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	石榴
	Nanchong	石榴
	Dazhou	石榴
	Hanyuan	石榴
	Xichang	石榴
	Zigong	石榴兒
	Chongqing	石榴
	Wuhan	石榴
	Yichang	石榴
	Xiangyang	石榴
	Tianmen	石榴
	Guiyang	石榴
	Zunyi	石榴兒
	Bijie	石榴
	Liping	石榴
	Zhaotong	石榴
	Dali	石榴
	Kunming	石榴
	Mengzi	石榴
	Guilin	石榴
	Liuzhou	石榴
	Jishou	石榴
	Changde	石榴
	Hanzhong	石榴
	Pematangsiantar	石榴
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	石榴
	Yangzhou	石榴
	Lianyungang	石榴
	Lianshui	石榴
	Nantong	石榴
	Anqing	石榴
	Wuhu	石榴
	Hefei	石榴
	Hong'an	石榴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	石榴, 結子石榴
	Hong Kong	石榴, 結子石榴
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	石榴
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	石榴
	Macau	石榴
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	石榴
	Foshan	石榴
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	石榴
	Foshan (Shunde)	石榴
	Foshan (Sanshui)	石榴
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	石榴
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	石榴
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	石榴
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	花棯
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	花棯
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	花棯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	花棯
	Taishan	花棯
	Kaiping (Chikan)	花棯
	Enping (Niujiang)	花棯
	Heshan (Yayao)	石榴
	Dongguan	番鬼石榴
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	石榴
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	石榴
	Yangon (Taishan)	石榴
	Mandalay (Taishan)	石榴
Gan	Nanchang	石榴
	Lichuan	石榴
	Pingxiang	石榴
Hakka	Meixian	石榴仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	石榴
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	石榴
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	番石榴
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	石榴
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	石榴
	Yudu	石榴, 石梨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	石榴仔
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	石榴
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	石榴
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	石榴
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	石榴仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	石榴
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	石榴
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	石榴
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	石榴仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	石榴
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	石榴
	Hong Kong	石榴
	Senai (Huiyang)	石榴
Huizhou	Jixi	石榴
Huizhou	Shexian	石榴
Jin	Taiyuan	石榴
	Yangyuan	石榴兒
	Datong	石榴兒
	Xinzhou	石榴兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	石榴兒
	Changzhi	石榴
	Linhe	石榴
	Jining	石榴
	Hohhot	石榴
	Erenhot	石榴
	Pingshan	石榴
	Zhangjiakou	石榴
	Handan	石榴
	Linzhou	石榴
	Suide	石榴兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	石榴
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	石榴
Eastern Min	Fuqing	石榴
Southern Min	Xiamen	石榴
	Quanzhou	石榴
	Yongchun	石榴
	Zhangzhou	石榴
	Zhao'an	石榴
	Taipei	石榴
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	石榴
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	石榴
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	石榴
	Kaohsiung	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	石榴
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	石榴
	Yilan	石榴
	Yilan (Luodong)	石榴
	Yilan (Toucheng)	石榴
	Changhua (Lukang)	石榴
	Changhua (Yongjing)	石榴
	Taichung	石榴
	Tainan	石榴
	Tainan (Anping)	石榴
	Hsinchu	石榴
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	石榴
	Kinmen	石榴
	Penghu (Magong)	石榴
	Penghu (Xiyu)	石榴
	Penang (Hokkien)	石榴
	Jieyang	石榴
	Bangkok (Teochew)	石榴
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	紅花石榴
	Singapore (Teochew)	石榴
	Haikou	石榴
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	石榴
Wu	Shanghai	石榴
	Shanghai (Chongming)	石榴
	Suzhou	石榴
	Danyang	石榴
	Hangzhou	石榴
	Ningbo	石榴, 金猛
	Wenzhou	金櫻
	Jinhua	石榴
Xiang	Changsha	石榴
Xiang	Loudi	石榴