Thoracica is an infraclass of crustaceans which contains the most familiar species of barnacles found on rocky coasts, such as Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus. They have six well-developed limbs, and may be either stalked or sessile. The carapace is heavily calcified. The group includes free-living and commensal species.[2]
| Thoracica | |
|---|---|
| |
| Semibalanus balanoides | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Thecostraca |
| Subclass: | Cirripedia |
| Infraclass: | Thoracica Darwin, 1854 |
| Orders[1] | |
| |
Classification
editThis article follows Chan et al. (2021) and WoRMS in placing Thoracica as an infraclass of Thecostraca and in the following classification of thoracicans down to the level of family:[3][4]
- Infraclass Thoracica Darwin, 1854
- Superorder Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019
- Order Iblomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Family Iblidae Leach, 1825
- Family Idioiblidae Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Order †Eolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family †Eolepadidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Family †Praelepadidae Chernyshev, 1930
- Order Iblomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Superorder Thoracicalcarea Gale, 2015
- Order Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
- Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
- Family Balanidae Leach, 1817
- Family Pyrgomatidae Gray, 1825
- Superfamily Chthamaloidea Darwin, 1854
- Family Catophragmidae Utinomi, 1968
- Family Chionelasmatidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Family Chthamalidae Darwin, 1854
- Family Pachylasmatidae Utinomi, 1968
- Family Waikalasmatidae Ross & Newman, 2001
- Superfamily Coronuloidea Leach, 1817
- Family Austrobalanidae Newman & Ross, 1976
- Family Bathylasmatidae Newman & Ross, 1971
- Family Chelonibiidae Pilsbry, 1916
- Family Coronulidae Leach, 1817
- Family Tetraclitidae Gruvel, 1903
- Superfamily Elminioidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Elminiidae Foster, 1982
- Superfamily †Pachydiadematoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family †Pachydiadematidae Chan et al., 2021
- Superfamily Balanoidea Leach, 1817
- Order Calanticomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family Calanticidae Zevina, 1978
- Family †Cretiscalpellidae Buckeridge, 1983
- Family †Titanolepadidae Gale & Sørensen, 2015
- Order Pollicipedomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family Lithotryidae Gruvel, 1905
- Family Pollicipedidae Leach, 1817
- Family †Zeugmatolepadidae Newman, 1996
- Order Scalpellomorpha Buckeridge & Newman, 2006
- Superfamily Lepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantell, 1921
- Family Lepadidae Darwin, 1852
- Family Malacolepadidae Hiro, 1937
- Family Poecilasmatidae Annandale, 1909
- Family Rhizolepadidae Zevina, 1980
- Superfamily Neolepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Neobrachylepadidae Newman & Yamaguchi, 1995
- Family Neolepadidae Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004
- Family Neoverrucidae Newman, 1989 in Hessler & Newman, 1989
- Family Probathylepadidae Ren & Sha, 2015
- Superfamily Scalpelloidea Chan et al., 2021
- Family Scalpellidae Pilsbry, 1907
- Family †Proverrucidae Newman, 1989 in Hessler & Newman, 1989
- Superfamily Lepadoidea Chan et al., 2021
- Order Verrucomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
- Family Verrucidae Darwin, 1854
- Family †Eoverrucidae Gale, 2020
- Order †Archaeolepadomorpha Chan et al., 2021
- Family †Archaeolepadidae Gale, 2019
- Family †Myolepadidae Gale, 2015 in Gale & Sørensen, 2015
- Family †Stramentidae Withers, 1920
- Order †Brachylepadomorpha Withers, 1923
- Family †Brachylepadidae Woodward, 1901
- Order Balanomorpha Pilsbry, 1916
- Superorder Phosphatothoracica Gale, 2019
References
edit- ^ WoRMS (2019). Thoracica. Accessed at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1107 on 2019-01-16
- ^ Robert D. Barnes (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 706. ISBN 978-0-03-056747-6.
- ^ Chan, Benny K. K.; Dreyer, Niklas; Gale, Andy S.; Glenner, Henrik; et al. (2021). "The evolutionary diversity of barnacles, with an updated classification of fossil and living forms". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 193 (3): 789–846. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa160. hdl:11250/2990967.
- ^ "World Register of Marine Species, genus Dosima". Retrieved 2021-08-24.
Wikispecies has information related to Thoracica.