Temefos

Temefos
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name O-[4-({4-[(Dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy]phenyl}sulfanyl)phenyl] O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate
	Other names [4-(4-dimethoxyphosphinothioyloxyphenyl)sulfanylphenoxy]-; dimethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane
Identifiers
CAS Number	3383-96-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:38954 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1355821 ;
ChemSpider	5199 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.020.175
KEGG	D06062 ;
MeSH	Temefos
PubChem CID	5392;
UNII	ONP3ME32DL ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1032484 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H20O6P2S3/c1-17-23(25,18-2)21-13-5-9-15(10-6-13)27-16-11-7-14(8-12-16)22-24(26,19-3)20-4/h5-12H,1-4H3 Key: WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C16H20O6P2S3/c1-17-23(25,18-2)21-13-5-9-15(10-6-13)27-16-11-7-14(8-12-16)22-24(26,19-3)20-4/h5-12H,1-4H3 Key: WWJZWCUNLNYYAU-UHFFFAOYAC;
	SMILES S=P(OC)(OC)Oc2ccc(Sc1ccc(OP(=S)(OC)OC)cc1)cc2;
Properties
Chemical formula	C16H20O6P2S3
Molar mass	466.46 g·mol−1
Appearance	white, crystalline solid
Density	1.32 g cm−3
Melting point	30 °C (86 °F; 303 K)
Boiling point	120–125 °C (248–257 °F; 393–398 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	insoluble
Vapor pressure	0.00000007 mmHg (20°C)
Hazards
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	15 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	TWA 10 mg/m3 (total) TWA 5 mg/m3 (resp)
IDLH (Immediate danger)	N.D.
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Temefos or temephos (trade name Abate) is an organophosphate larvicide used to treat water infested with disease-carrying insects^[2] including mosquitoes, midges, and black fly larvae.

As with other organophosphates, temephos affects the central nervous system through inhibition of cholinesterase. In larvae, this results in death before reaching the adult stage.

In the developing world where the vector-borne disease dengue fever is endemic, temephos is widely used and applied by both private and public pest control in areas of standing water where the Aedes aegypti mosquito breeds in order to reduce the population of this disease-carrying insect.^[3] Temephos is also used in the Guinea worm eradication program to kill water fleas that carry guinea worm larvae.

Resistance to temephos by A. aegypti has been seen in Brazil. The Brazilian Aedes aegypti resistance monitoring program detected temephos resistance in A. aegypti populations from several localities in the country in 1999 (Funasa 2000, Lima et al. 2003). In 1999, mosquitoes from the city of Rio de Janeiro were already resistant to temephos.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0589". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Abate Product Information
^ New York Times article covering its application in Africa
^ Lima JB, Da-Cunha MP, Da Silva RC, et al. (2003). "Resistance of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates in several municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Brazil". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68 (3): 329–33. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.329. PMID 12685640.

External links

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
International Chemical Safety Cards
Official product site
Temefos in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)

Bibliography

Dejous C & Elouard J.M (1977) Action de l'abate sur les invertébérs aquatiques ; cinétique de décrochement à court et moyen terme (in French).

[PGCH-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0589". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[2] Abate Product Information

[3] New York Times article covering its application in Africa

[4] Lima JB, Da-Cunha MP, Da Silva RC, et al. (2003). "Resistance of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates in several municipalities in the State of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Brazil". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68 (3): 329–33. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.68.329. PMID 12685640.

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