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{{Infobox order
| name = Order of Saint John of Jerusalem
| native_name =
|native_name_lang =
| image = Cross_of_Sovereign_Military_Hospitaller_Order_of_St._John_of_Jerusalem_of_Rhodes_and_of_Malta.PNG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Commander's Cross of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem
| awarded_by =
| type = <!-- [[State order|State]]/[[Dynastic order|Dynastic]] [[order of chivalry]]/[[military order]]/[[order of merit]] -->
| established = [[December 10]], [[1798]]
| country = <!-- Country with which the order is currently affiliated; for dynastic orders, use royal house -->
| house = <!-- If dynastic order, then the royal house that currently controls the order -->
| religion = <!-- [[Catholic Church]], etc. -->
| seat = <!-- headquarters, etc. -->
| ribbon = Black
| motto =
| eligibility = <!-- who is eligible to receive the order -->
| criteria = <!-- or | for = ("Awarded for") -->
| status = Not awarded
| founder = [[Paul I of Russia|Pavel I]]
| head_title = <!-- usually [[Grand master (order)|Grand Master]] -->
| head =
| head2_title = <!-- other head, usually subordinate to above: [[Chancellor]], etc. -->
| head2 =
| head3_title =
| head3 =
| classes = 3
| post-nominals =
| former_grades =
| website =
| first_induction =
| last_induction = <!-- if the order is defunct or dormant -->
| total =
| higher =
| lower =
| same =
| related =
| image2 =
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| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| image3 =
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| alt3 =
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}}
[[File:Borovikovskiy PtPavla1GRM.jpg|thumb|250px|Portrait of [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] dressed as Grand Master of the Order of Malta by [[Vladimir Borovikovsky]], [[1800]]]]
[[File:Ордена Российской империи. Орден св. Иоанна Иерусалимского. Россия 1999.jpg|thumb|right|160 px|[[Postage stamp]] of [[Russia]], 1999]]
The '''Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross)''' was an order of the Russian Empire. Named after [[John the Baptist]].
==History==
In 1798, when [[Napoleon|Napoleon I]] captured [[Malta (island)|Malta]] during an expedition to Egypt, the knights of the order turned to the Russian Emperor [[Paul I of Russia|Paul I]] with a request to assume the rank of Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, to which the latter agreed.
On November 29, 1798, Paul I issued the highest Manifesto on the Establishment in Favor of the Russian Nobility of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem and the Rule for the Acceptance of the Nobility of the Russian Empire into this order.<ref>[https://old.bigenc.ru/domestic_history/text/2017278 John of Jerusalem Order. Great Russian Encyclopedia]</ref>
During the reign of Paul I, the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem became, in essence, the highest distinction awarded for civil and military merit. The award of the commandery surpassed in its significance even the awarding of the [[Order of St. Andrew|Order of Saint Andrew the First–Called]], since this expressed the personal benevolence of the sovereign. On the day of his coronation on April 5, 1797, Paul I united the order corporations existing in Russia into a single Russian Cavalier Order, or Cavalier Society.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Highest Approved Regulation on Russian Imperial Orders|URL=http://www.nlr.ru/e-res/law_r/search.php?part=108®im=3|edition=Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649|location=Saint Petersburg|publisher=Printing House of the Second Branch of [[His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery|His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery]]|year=1830|volume=24. From November 6, 1796 to 1798. No. 17908|pages=569–587}}</ref> However, it did not include holders of the orders established by Empress [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]] – Saint George and Saint Vladimir.
The successor of Paul I on the Russian throne, [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]], removed the Maltese cross from the State Emblem and resigned as Grand Master. The awarding of the Order was discontinued, while the Order as an organization continued to exist. On February 26, 1810, Alexander I issued a decree prescribing, "leaving the existence of this Order to the discretion in its present position", to transfer the financial activities of the Order to the State Treasury.<ref>{{cite journal|author=[[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]]|title=On the Order of the Sums of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem|URL=http://nlr.ru/e-res/law_r/search.php?part=145®im=3|edition=Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649|location=Saint Petersburg|publisher=Printing House of the Second Branch of [[His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery|His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery]]|year=1830|volume=31. 1810–1811. No. 24134|page=74}}</ref>
On January 20, 1817, the highest decree "On the Prohibition of Those Receiving the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem at the Present Time to Wear It" followed.<ref>{{cite journal|title=On the Non–Permission of Those Receiving the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem at the Present Time to Wear It|URL=http://nlr.ru/e-res/law_r/search.php?part=161®im=3|edition=Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, since 1649|location=Saint Petersburg|publisher=Printing House of the Second Branch of [[His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery|His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery]]|year=1830|volume=34. 1817. No. 26626|page=29}}</ref> The decree was issued due to the fact that, through the mediation of the holder of the Grand Commander's Cross of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, the envoy of Serra de Capriola, several Russian citizens received this order shortly before the decree was issued. In the decree, the ban was motivated by the fact that the Russian Priory Order no longer exists.{{Efn|[[De jure]], this meant that from the date of issuance of the decree, the order should have been considered foreign.}} The decree did not contain a ban on wearing the order received during the existence of his Russian Priory.
<gallery caption="Badges of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem" class="center" mode="packed" heights=200px weights=200px>
Знак ордена Святого Иоанна Иерусалимского 01.jpg
Знак ордена Святого Иоанна Иерусалимского 02.jpg
Знак ордена Святого Иоанна Иерусалимского 03.jpg
</gallery>
==Degrees==
The order had three degrees:
*I degree – Grand Commander's Cross;
*II degree – Commander;
*III degree – Cavalier.<ref>[https://arsenal-info.ru/pub/epoha-pavla-i/orden-svyatogo-ioanna-ierusalimskogo-maltiyskiy-krest Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross). Arsenal]</ref>
==See also==
*[[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of Malta]]
==References==
;Comments
{{notelist}}
;Sources
{{Reflist}}
==Sources==
*Yuri Miloslavsky. Hospitables: Orthodox Branch of the Sovereign Order of the Knights Hospitaller of Saint John of Jerusalem – Saint Petersburg: Tsarskoye Delo, 2001 – 240 Pages
*{{cite book|author=Ivan Spassky|title=Foreign and Russian Orders Until 1917|location=Saint Petersburg|publisher=Dorval|year=1993|isbn=5-8308-0042-X}}
*{{cite book|author=Leonid Shepelev|title=Official World of Russia: 18th – Early 20th Centuries|location=Saint Petersburg|publisher=Art, Saint Petersburg|year=1999|isbn=5-210-01518-1}}
==External links==
*{{cite journal|author=Serkov S. R.|title=Order of the White Eagle, Virtuti Military, Saint John of Jerusalem|edition=Military History Magazine|year=1990|number=7|pages=92–95}}
*[http://award.armor.kiev.ua/malta/index.html Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross)], an article on the site For Faith and Loyalty
*[http://www.znaks.com/Ord_imperia/Awards_imperia/Ordens_MALTISK_ORD.htm Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080105094644/http://www.sw45.land.ru/RosImp/MaltKrest.htm Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081008025526/http://www.03www.ru/91/index.html#8 Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Maltese Cross)]
*[http://history-gatchina.ru/article/nagrada.htm Russian Cavalier Order and Awards of the Russian Priories of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem]
[[Category:Orders, decorations, and medals of the Russian Empire]]
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