Robert de Todeni, also known as Robert of Belvoir was an Anglo-Norman nobleman who held lands in England after the Norman Conquest.
Background
editRobert held lands in Guerny and Vesly in Normandy. He belonged to a branch of the Tosny family that originated near Eure in Normandy.[1] [2] His exact relation to the Tosny family is unclear, but it has been suggested that he was a younger brother of Roger I of Tosny. He had a (probably elder) brother named Berengar Hespina and a sister named Bertha, who married Guy I of Laval. [3]
Life
editIn the Domesday Book of 1086, Robert is listed as the lord of Belvoir.[1] This lordship is considered a feudal barony, making Robert the first baron of Belvoir.[4] Robert's property was mostly concentrated in Leicestershire and Lincolnshire, but he also had significant property in Gloucestershire and Suffolk, and overall his property was spread over twelve shires.
Some of these lands had been held prior to the Conquest by Thorgautr Lagr, Oswulf son of Frani and others.[3] Robert's son Berengar was given Thorgautr's lands in Oxfordshire and Nottinghamshire, which he may have held from his father.[5] Robert also had lands in Northamptonshire, located south of Rockingham, and he might have been the first castellan of Rockingham Castle.[6]
Robert and his wife founded Belvoir Priory,[1] sometime between 1076 and 1088 as a priory of St Albans Abbey.[7] The choice to make Belvoir a dependent priory of St Albans may have been because Oswulf, previous owner of some of his lands, had also given lands to St Albans.[8]
Family and Descendance
editRobert married Adelais. They had three sons, Berengar, William, and Geoffrey, as well as three daughters, Albreda, Adelisa, and Agnes. Berengar inherited the Norman lands and William inherited the English lands. All three sons died without offspring, leaving their sisters as the eventual heiresses. Albreda, the eldest daughter, married Robert de Insula and died before 1129 without issue.[1] Adelisa married Roger Bigod,[9] and died after August 1127.[4] Agnes, the youngest, married first Ralph de Beaufour and second Hubert de Ryes. Belvoir eventually went to Cecilia Bigod, the youngest daughter of Adelisa and Roger and the Norman lands went to Hugh Bigod, her brother.[1] Agnes is not recorded as having inherited any of lands connected with the barony of Belvoir.[4] The historian Judith Green speculates that because Berengar did not inherit any of the English lands, he may have been the son of an earlier marriage of Robert.[10]
Robert died around 1093,[1] although some older sources give a date of 1088.[4] He was buried at Belvoir Priory,[11] according to the priory's own history.[12]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e f Keats-Rohan Domesday People pp. 380–381
- ^ Loyd Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families p. 104
- ^ a b Moore, James (2017). The Norman Aristocracy in the Long Eleventh Century: Three Case Studies (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
- ^ a b c d Sanders English Baronies p. 12
- ^ Fleming Kings & Lords p. 167 and footnote120
- ^ Green Aristocracy of Norman England pp. 86–87
- ^ Knowles, et al. Heads of Religious Houses p. 85
- ^ Green Aristocracy of Norman England p. 397
- ^ Keats-Roham Domesday People pp. 396–398
- ^ Green Aristocracy of Norman England pp. 374–375 footnote 63
- ^ Fleming Kings & Lords pp. 172–173
- ^ Green Aristocracy of Norman England p. 425
References
edit- Fleming, Robin (2004). Kings & Lords in Conquest England (Reprint ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52694-9.
- Green, Judith A. (1997). The Aristocracy of Norman England. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52465-2.
- Keats-Rohan, K. S. B. (1999). Domesday People: A Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166: Domesday Book. Ipswich, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-722-X.
- Knowles, David; London, Vera C. M.; Brooke, Christopher (2001). The Heads of Religious Houses, England and Wales, 940–1216 (Second ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80452-3.
- Loyd, Lewis Christopher (1975) [1951]. The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families (Reprint ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. ISBN 0-8063-0649-1.
- Moore, James (2017). The Norman Aristocracy in the Long Eleventh Century: Three Case Studies (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
- Sanders, I. J. (1960). English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086–1327. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. OCLC 931660.
- Traill, Vanessa Josephine (2013). The Social & Political Networks of the Anglo-Norman Aristocracy: The Clare, Giffeard & Tosny Kin-groups, c.940 to c.1200 (PhD thesis). University of Glasgow.