Ringgold Wilmer Lardner Jr. (August 19, 1915 – October 31, 2000) was an American screenwriter. A member of the "Hollywood Ten", he was blacklisted by the Hollywood film studios during the late 1940s and 1950s after his appearance as an "unfriendly" witness before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) leading to Lardner being found guilty of contempt of Congress.
Ring Lardner Jr. | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Lardner in 1947 | |
| Born | Ringgold Wilmer Lardner Jr. August 19, 1915 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | October 31, 2000 (aged 85) New York City, U.S.[1] |
| Occupation(s) | Screenwriter, journalist |
| Years active | 1937–1977 |
| Children | 3 |
Early life
editBorn in Chicago, he was the son of Ellis (Abbott) and journalist and humorist Ring Lardner and the brother of James, John, and David Lardner. He was educated at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts and Princeton University. In his sophomore year he enrolled at the Anglo-American Institute of the University of Moscow. Lardner returned to New York and, in 1935, briefly worked at the Daily Mirror before signing on as publicity director with David O. Selznick's new movie company. Lardner joined the US Communist Party in 1937.[2]
Career
editLardner moved to Hollywood where he worked as a publicist and script doctor before going on to write his own material. This included Woman of the Year (1942), a film that won him and Michael Kanin the Best Original Screenplay Academy Award. Lardner also worked on the scripts for the films Laura (1944), Brotherhood of Man (1946),[3][4][5][6] Forever Amber (1947), and M*A*S*H (1970). The script of the latter earned him an Academy Award for Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium.
Lardner held strong left-wing views, and in the 1930s helped to raise funds for the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War. He was also involved in organizing anti-fascist demonstrations. His brother, James Lardner, was a member of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, and was killed in action in Spain in 1938.[7]
Although his political involvement upset the owners of the film studios, he continued to be employed and in 1947 became one of the highest paid scriptwriters in Hollywood when he signed a contract with 20th Century Fox at $2,000 a week (equivalent to $27,291 a week in 2020).[8]
Blacklisting
edit
After the Second World War the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) began an investigation into the Hollywood motion picture industry. In September 1947, the HUAC interviewed 41 people who were working in Hollywood. These individuals attended voluntarily and became known as "friendly witnesses". During their testimony, they named several people whom they accused of holding views sympathetic to communism.
Lardner appeared before the HUAC on October 30, 1947, but like Alvah Bessie, Herbert Biberman, Albert Maltz, Adrian Scott, Dalton Trumbo, Lester Cole, Edward Dmytryk, Samuel Ornitz and John Howard Lawson, he refused to answer any questions. Known as the "Hollywood Ten", they claimed that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution clearly gave them the right to do this. HUAC and the courts during appeals disagreed[9] and all were found guilty of contempt of Congress. Lardner was sentenced to 12 months in the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury and fined $1,000. He had been dismissed by Fox on October 28, 1947.
Blacklisted by the Hollywood studios, Lardner worked for the next couple of years on the novel The Ecstasy of Owen Muir (1954). Beginning in 1955, Lardner and fellow blacklistee Ian McLellan Hunter, working under pseudonyms, wrote episodes of television series, including The Adventures of Robin Hood, The Adventures of Sir Lancelot, and The Buccaneers, for producer Hannah Weinstein, an expatriate American living in England. For several years, meetings there with the producer were attended exclusively by Hunter, who had managed to gain a passport despite his political activities, whereas travel abroad for Lardner was deemed "not in the best interest of the United States" by the Passport Bureau, a restriction lasting from 1951 to 1958, when the Supreme Court ruled that passports could not be denied for political reasons.[10]
The blacklist was lifted for Lardner when producer Martin Ransohoff and director Norman Jewison gave him screen credit for writing The Cincinnati Kid (1965). His later work included M*A*S*H (1970), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and The Greatest (1977), for which he re-wrote the original script by Bill Gunn. His final film project was an adaptation of Roger Kahn's book The Boys of Summer.[citation needed]
According to Hungarian writer Miklós Vámos—who visited Lardner several times before his death—Lardner won an Academy Award for a movie he wrote under a pseudonym.[11]
Personal life
editLardner married Silvia Schulman, then David O. Selznick's secretary, in 1937. They had two children, a son and a daughter, and divorced in 1945. In 1946, in Las Vegas, Nevada,[12] Lardner married Frances Chaney, an actress, and they remained wed until his death in 2000. They had one son. Chaney had been married to Lardner's brother, David, until his death in 1944 and had two children, a daughter and a son, from that marriage.[13]
Death
editLardner died of cancer on October 31, 2000, Halloween night, in his apartment in Manhattan, New York. He was the last surviving member of the Hollywood Ten.[2][14]
Works
edit- Lardner, Ring Jr. (2017). I'd Hate Myself in the Morning : a memoir. Nation Books. ISBN 978-1-63226-063-5.[15][16]
See also
edit- The Hollywood Ten documentary.
References
edit- ^ "Ring Lardner Jr., Member of Blacklisted 'Hollywood Ten,' Dies". The New York Times. November 1, 2000 – via NYTimes.com.
- ^ a b Dunbar, David L. (November 16, 2015). "The Hollywood Ten: The Men Who Refused to Name Names". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ^ Stanchfield, Steve (September 29, 2016). "UPA's "The Brotherhood of Man" (1946)". Cartoon Research.
- ^ Cannon, Robert (Director); Ring Lardner, Jr.; Maurice Rapf; John Hubley; Phil Eastman (Authors) (1946). The Brotherhood of Man (Short film). United Productions of America / Brandon Films, Inc.
- ^ Lehman, Christopher P. (2002). Black representation in American short films, 1928–1954 (PhD Dissertation). pp. 145–159.
- ^ Lardner, Ring Jr.; et al. (July 1946). "Brotherhood of Man: A Script". Hollywood Quarterly. 1 (4): 353–359. doi:10.2307/1209494. JSTOR 1209494.
- ^ Weglein, Jessica; Compa, Elizabeth. "James Lardner Papers". NYU Special Collections. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Natale, Richard (January 28, 1996). "MOVIES : The Hollywood Two : Ring Lardner Jr., one of the Hollywood Ten's survivors, has lived a life worthy of an autobiography. But he's too busy writing other tales". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Prettyman, Associate Justice. "BARSKY et al. v. UNITED STATES". Justia. Retrieved March 2, 2021.
- ^ Ring Lardner, Jr., I'd Hate Myself in the Morning
- ^ "A legfontosabb mondat (Élet és Irodalom, 48. évfolyam, 22. szám)". www.vamosmiklos.hu.
- ^ "Film Writer Weds Widow of Brother". The San Bernardino County Sun. California, San Bernardino. United Press. September 30, 1946. p. 2. Retrieved October 4, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Vosburgh, Dick (December 9, 2004). "Frances Chaney". The Independent. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
- ^ By (November 1, 2000). "Ring Lardner Jr., Member of Blacklisted ´Hollywood Ten,´ Dies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 15, 2023.
- ^ "I'd Hate Myself in the Morning by Ring Lardner". publishersweekly.com. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
- ^ Bosworth, Patricia. "Are You Now or Have You Ever?". nytimes.com. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
Further reading
edit- Ceplair, Larry (July 4, 2018). "Ring Lardner, Jr. and the Hollywood Blacklist: A New Perspective on the Perennial Struggle against Thought Control in the United States". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 39 (1). Informa UK Limited: 75–95. doi:10.1080/01439685.2018.1484550. ISSN 0143-9685. S2CID 158365959.
External links
edit- Ring Lardner Jr. at IMDb
- Ring Lardner Jr. papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences