Pavlo Polubotok

Pavlo Polubotok (Ukrainian: Павло Леонтійович Полуботок, Russian: Павел Леонтьевич Полуботок, Polish: Paweł Połubotok; born around 1660, died on 29 December 1724), was a Ukrainian Cossack political and military leader and Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine between 1722 and 1724.

Pavlo Polubotok
Павло Полуботок
Acting Hetman of Left-bank Ukraine
In office 1722–1724
Preceded by	Ivan Skoropadsky
Succeeded by	Danylo Apostol
Personal details
Born	1660 Borzna/Shramkivka, Cossack Hetmanate
Died	29 December 1724 (aged 63–64) Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Nationality	Ukrainian
Spouse	Hanna Lazarevych
Military service
Years of service	1706–1724
Rank	Colonel
Commands	Chernihiv regiment
Battles/wars	Great Northern War

Biography

Polubotok family coat of arms.

Pavlo Polubotok was born around 1660 in Borzna (according to another version, at his family's khutor-farm Polubotivka, today part of Shramkivka) into a rich Cossack family and as a young man served under his relative Hetman Ivan Samoylovych.

In 1706 he became polkovnyk (colonel) of Chernigov Regiment and during the Great Northern War remained loyal to the Imperial Russians and fought against Ivan Mazepa. Pavel Polubotok was seen by many as a possible replacement for the disgraced Hetman, but the Russian Tsar Peter the Great distrusted Polubotok and supported Ivan Skoropadsky, who became the next Hetman. Nonetheless, Polubotok's loyalty was rewarded when wealthy estates throughout Ukraine were given to him.

In 1722, after the death of Skoropadsky, Pavlo Polubotok was named as his temporary replacement. As Hetman, Polubotok supported greater autonomy for Cossack Hetmante within the Russian Empire and defended the old privileges of the Cossack nobility. He wrote numerous petitions to Peter the Great asking him to re-instate the former way of electing the Hetman by the starshyna. In 1723 Alexander Rumyantsev was sent to Ukraine to investigate Polubotok. Within several months Polubotok was arrested, implicated in secret dealing with Pylyp Orlyk and accused of "treason." The Hetman was incarcerated in the Petropavlovsk fortress and died there less than a year later on 29 December 1724.

Legacy

Historians are divided on Polubotok's legacy. Soviet historians saw him as a "greedy man who concentrated on overt class interests." Most modern Ukrainians consider him a martyr and a hero of the Ukrainian struggle for independence.

Ukrainian hryvnia coin depicting Pavlo Polubotok

Polubotok was written about in the poem "Son" ("A Dream", 1844) by Taras Shevchenko.

The Gold of Polubotok

The Gold of Polubotok is the legend of a large amount of gold which Hetman Polubotok supposedly deposited into an English bank in 1723, and which would have been returned upon the independence of Ukraine with an astronomical amount of interest. According to the story, being the head of state, Pavlo Polubotok had access to the state treasury. However, when he lost control and was forced to leave the country, he had put money from the treasury into the bank. In his will, Polubotok allegedly bequeathed eighty percent of the gold to a future independent Ukraine, and the rest to his successors. Even for today, a lot of Ukrainians know this story as an intriguing moment in Ukraine–United Kingdom relations.

The story first became widely known in 1907, when it was published in the Russian journal New Time by Professor Alexander Rubets.

See also

• Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks
• Collegium of Little Russia (1722-27)
• History of Ukraine
• Gold of Polubotok

External links

• Pavlo Polubotok - Kyiv-Mohyla Academy alumnus

Predecessor Yukhym Lyzohub

Chernihiv Regiment 1706–1722

Successor Mikhail Bogdanov