Moshe Czerniak (born Moizes Czerniak,[1] also knowns as Miguel Czerniak; Hebrew: משה צ'רניאק; 3 February 1910 – 31 August 1984) was a Polish-Israeli chess player. He was awarded the title of International Master (IM) by FIDE in 1952.
| Moshe Czerniak | |
|---|---|
 Czerniak in Amsterdam, 1963 | |
| Country | Poland Israel |
| Born | February 3, 1910 Warsaw, Poland |
| Died | August 31, 1984 (aged 74) Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Title | International Master (1952) |
Biography
editIn 1930 Moshe Czerniak took ninth at Warsaw in an event won by Paulino Frydman. In 1934 Czerniak emigrated from Poland to Israel (then the British Mandate). In April 1935, he tied for 7th–8th in Tel Aviv (the 2nd Maccabiah Games, Abram Blass won).[2] He was Israeli Chess Championship in 1936 and 1938. In April 1939, he played in the First Lasker Chess Club Championship in Tel Aviv. In June 1939, he became the champion of Jerusalem. Czerniak played for his adopted country at first reserve board in the 6th Chess Olympiad at Warsaw 1935 (+6 =2 −5), and at first board in the 8th Olympiad at Buenos Aires 1939 (+4 =2 −10).[3]
In September 1939, when World War II broke out, Czerniak, along with many other participants in the 8th Chess Olympiad, decided to stay in Argentina.[4]
Immediately after the 8th Olympiad, in October 1939, he tied for 3rd–4th with Gideon Ståhlberg, behind Miguel Najdorf and Paul Keres in the Buenos Aires 1939 chess tournament (Circulo).[5][6] In 1940, he tied for 7–9th in Argentine championships (Torneo Mayor).[7] In 1941, he won in Quilmes. In 1941, he took 2nd, behind Paulino Frydman in Buenos Aires, and tied for 6th–8th in the Mar del Plata 1941 chess tournament. In 1943, he took 2nd, behind Najdorf, in Rosario, and took 3rd in Buenos Aires. In 1944 and in 1948, he won in Buenos Aires. In 1949, he took 4th in Mar del Plata, and tied for 3rd–4th in Argentine championships (Torneo Mayor). In 1950, he tied for 9th–11th in Mar del Plata.
In 1950 Czerniak settled in Israel. In 1951, he won at Vienna (the 4th Schlechter Memorial). In 1951, he won at Reggio Emilia. In 1955, he won the Israeli Championship. In 1958, he took 2nd, behind Jan Hein Donner, at Beverwijk. In 1961, he tied for 1st–3rd with Milan Matulović and Petar Trifunović at Netanya.[8] In 1962, he tied for 1st–2nd with Hiong Liong Tan at Amsterdam (2nd IBM Tournament). In 1963, he tied for 2nd–3rd with Donner, behind Lajos Portisch, at Amsterdam (3rd IBM). In 1963, he took 2nd, behind Nikola Padevsky, at Polanica Zdrój (Rubinstein Memorial). In 1964, he tied for 4th–9th at Polanica Zdrój. In 1965, he won at Netanya.[9] In 1966, he tied for 7th–8th at Tel Aviv. In 1968, he tied for 2nd–3rd with Daniel Yanofsky, behind Robert Fischer, at Netanya.[10]
Czerniak played for Israel in nine Chess Olympiads: 1952, 1954, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1962, 1966, 1968, and 1974. He won the team championship of Israel in 1974 at the age of 64.[3]
Czerniak was awarded the International Master title in 1952.[11]
He wrote many chess books in three languages. In 1956 he founded the first Israeli chess magazine, 64 Squares. For more than thirty years he was the chess editor of the Israeli daily Haaretz. He was also the chess teacher of IM and Grandmaster of chess composition, Yochanan Afek.
In 1976 he got a special award from the Israeli education ministry for his lifelong contribution to the education of chess.
The yearly chess festival in Tel Aviv is named after him.[12] Furthermore, a variation in the Sicilian Defense, Dragon Variation is named after him.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Christian Sánchez. "Passengers of the Piriápolis - Buenos Aires 1939". Perlas Ajedrecísticas.
- ^ Wolsza, Tadeusz (2007). Arcymistrzowie, mistrzowie, amatorzy. Słownik biograficzny szachistów polskich. Tom 5 (in Polish). Warsaw: Wydawnictwo DiG. ISBN 83-7181-495-X
- ^ a b Moshe Czerniak team chess record at OlimpBase
- ^ "List of players who remained in Argentina in 1939 (notes in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 18 October 2009.
- ^ 車売るならかんたんで間違いのない方法を選ぶ. Rogerpaige.me.uk. Retrieved on 2012-11-08.
- ^ Similar but different (C.N. 4355). Chess Notes. Retrieved on 2021-04-24.
- ^ "Major Tournaments and Argentine Chess Championships (notes in Spanish)". Archived from the original on 24 May 2024.
- ^ International tournament, Netanya 1961. Netanyachess.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-08.
- ^ International tournament, Netanya 1965. Netanyachess.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-08.
- ^ International tournament A, Netanya 1968. Netanyachess.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-08.
- ^ "Liste des premiers titrés (Chrono) - Chessmile". Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 29 August 2008. . Chess Mile. Retrieved on 2012-11-08.
- ^ "פסטיבל השחמט של תל אביב-יפו ע"ש צ'רניאק". אתר עיריית תל-אביב-יפו (in Hebrew). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
External links
edit- Moshe Czerniak player profile and games at Chessgames.com
- Moshe Czerniak chess games at 365Chess.com