Dwayne Orville Andreas (March 4, 1918 – November 16, 2016), was one of the leading farm industrialists of the 20th century.[3] He was often called the Soybean King.[4] He was former CEO and chairman of Archer Daniels Midland (ADM). Under his leadership he turned ADM into the largest processor of farm commodities in the United States.[5]
Dwayne Andreas | |
|---|---|
| Born | Dwayne Orville Andreas March 4, 1918 Worthington, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Died | November 16, 2016 (aged 98) Decatur, Illinois, U.S. |
| Resting place | Potomac, Maryland, U.S. |
| Other names | Soybean king[1][2] |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupations |
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| Years active | 1947–1999 |
| Spouse |
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| Children | 3 |
Early life
editAndreas was born in Worthington, Minnesota on March 4, 1918 to Ruben and Lydia (Stoltz) Andreas, who both descended from strict Mennonite families.[5][6] He grew up mostly in Iowa (with siblings Albert, Lenore, Glen, Osborne and Lowell) and worked at his father farm and later the family's feed and grain business.[5] He attended Wheaton College in Illinois, but dropped out in his sophomore year after getting married.[7] Andreas then went to work for a modest, family-owned food-processing firm in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. When Cargill bought the Cedar Rapids facility in 1945, Andreas joined the commodity firm, eventually becoming a vice president. Andreas resigned from Cargill in 1952, and continued in the vegetable oil business, eventually as an executive of the Grain Terminal Association.
Business career
editIn 1965 Andreas purchased 100,000 shares of Archer Daniels for $3.3 million. Over the following years Andreas gradually increased his holding and his influence in the company, eventually becoming chief executive officer of ADM in 1971.[1]
He is credited with transforming the firm into an industrial powerhouse. Under his leadership, ADM grew from 40 processing plants and about 3,000 employees in the Midwest to 274 processing plants with 23,000 workers around the world. Its soybean exports shot up from $1.5 billion to $7 billion.[3] Andreas remained CEO until 1997, the year that Archer Daniels pleaded guilty to price-fixing and paid $100 million in fines.[8] This scandal also sent his only son, Michael Andreas to prison.[8] Michael was the anointed successor as Andreas started to devolve his power.[9] It was his son who hatched the plan to create global cartels in citric acid and lysine.[9] Andreas stepped down as chairman in 1999 and was succeeded by his nephew, G. Allen Andreas.[5]
Public service
edit
Andreas served as an emissary for the Harry Truman administration and once secured a deal with President Juan Perón and wife Eva "Evita" Perón.[10] In 1961, president John F. Kennedy appointed Andreas to the Food for Peace Committee. An account stated that Hubert Humphrey got him appointed to the committee as advisor to its director, George McGovern.[11]
On March 26, 1965, president Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Andreas to The General Advisory Committee on Foreign Assistance Programs.[12]
On May 2, 1983, President Ronald Reagan appointed Andreas chairman of the President's International Private Enterprise Task Force.[13] This agency was tasked to advise the president, the director of the United States International Development Cooperation Agency, and the administrator of the Agency for International Development with respect to the role private enterprise can play in the implementation of programs and activities under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended.[14]
Andreas served as vice chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.[15]
In 1986 Andreas agreed, at the request of retired Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, to serve as head of the Foundation for the Commemoration of the United States Constitution which supported the work of the Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution.[16]
In the 1990s he contributed $2.5 million to Florida public broadcasting network WXEL.[17] He also aided the Community Partnership for the Homeless.
In 1997 Andreas donated $2.2 million to the Miami Homeless Assistance Center, saying "The one thing that is more gratifying than successfully making money is giving it away to a wonderful cause."[2]
Andreas was one of several signatories to a May 20, 2004, open letter exhorting President George W. Bush to lift travel and humanitarian aid restrictions on Cuba. He is the namesake of Barry University's Dwayne O. Andreas School of Law.
Awards and honors
edit- 1993 International Rescue Committee Freedom Award
- 1994 Horatio Alger Award[18]
- 1994 National Agri-Marketing Association Agribusiness Leader of the Year[19]
Politics
editAndreas was one of the most prominent political campaign donors in the United States,[7] having contributed millions of dollars to Democratic and Republican candidates alike.
While not well known to the public, Andreas commanded much respect among Washington politicians for his largesse. As part of the investigations surrounding illegal campaign fundraising linked to the Watergate scandal, Andreas was charged with (but acquitted of) illegally contributing $100,000 to Hubert Humphrey's 1968 presidential campaign.[20] In 1972, Andreas unlawfully contributed $25,000 to President Nixon's re-election campaign through the convicted Watergate burglar Bernard Barker.[20] Other recipients of Andreas's "tithing" — as he puts it — have included George H. W. Bush, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Bob Dole, Michael Dukakis, Jesse Jackson, and Jack Kemp.[citation needed]
According to Mother Jones magazine:
During the 1992 election, Andreas gave more than $1.4 million in soft money and $345,000 to individual candidates, using multiple donors in his company and family members (including wife Inez) to circumvent contribution limits.[21]
Andreas was implicated in the financial scandal of the Orthodox Church in America for his donations to Russia in 1991.[22]
One of his closest friends was former New York governor and two-time Republican presidential candidate, Thomas E. Dewey. It was Andreas who discovered his friend following Dewey's fatal heart attack in his room at Seaview, a Florida, Hotel in which Andreas held partial ownership.
Andreas was portrayed by Tom Smothers in the 2009 film The Informant! about the lysine price-fixing conspiracy.
Personal life
editIn 1935, at age 17, Andreas married Bertha Benedict in Florida. They had a daughter but subsequently divorced. In 1947, Andreas married Inez Snyder in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She was a single mother of a daughter.[5] Andreas and Inez had a son Michael whose godfather was Hubert Humphrey. Humphrey was a friend and political mentor to Andreas.[3] For many years they lived in the Decatur, Illinois, area and after retirement moved to Bal Harbour, Florida. Andreas died on November 16, 2016, in Decatur, Illinois, at the age of 98.[5]
On January 26, 2022, Andreas' granddaughter Regan Andreas Deering, announced her candidacy for the newly formed Illinois's 13th congressional district.[23]
References
edit- ^ a b Kahn, E.J. (February 16, 1987). "Profile About Dwyane Orville Andreas". The New Yorker. p. 41. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- ^ a b Cohen, Howard (November 23, 2016). "Soy bean king' Dwayne Andreas, who brought nations together, dies at 98". Miami Herald. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- ^ a b c Meersman, Tom (November 29, 2016). "Former ADM executive Dwayne Andreas had deep ties to Minnesota and Hubert Humphrey". Star Tribune. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ Aoyagi, William Shurtleff; Akiko (2019). History of the Soyfoods Movement Worldwide (1960s-2019): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook. Soyinfo Center. p. 939. ISBN 978-1-948436-09-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f Schneider, Keith (November 16, 2016). "Dwayne O. Andreas, Who Turned Archer Daniels Midland Into Food Giant, Dies at 98". The New York Times. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ Aoyagi, William Shurtleff; Akiko (2020). History of Cargill's Work with Soybeans and Soybean Ingredients (1940-2020): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook. Lafayette, CA: Soyinfo Center. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-948436-22-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "So You Want to Buy a President? The Players – Dwayne Andreas". PBS Frontline. 1996.
- ^ a b Mercer, David. "Dwayne Andreas, Iowa-raised CEO of ADM, dies at 98". The Des Moines Register. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
- ^ a b Connor, John M. (2013). Global Price Fixing: Our Customers are the Enemy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4613-7982-9.
- ^ Mercer, David (November 16, 2016). "Dwayne Andreas, who transformed Archer Daniels Midland into global powerhouse, dies at 98". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
- ^ Solberg, Carl (1984). Hubert Humphrey: A Biography. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-87351-473-6.
- ^ "32. Editorial Note". Office of the Historian. United States Government. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
- ^ "Appointment of 18 Members of the International Private Enterprise Task Force, and Designation of Chairman and Vice Chairman | The American Presidency Project". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
- ^ "Appointment of 18 Members of the International Private Enterprise Task Force, and Designation of Chairman and Vice Chairman". reaganlibrary.gov. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ "Designation of Dwayne O. Andreas as Vice Chairman". book.google.com. United States Government Printing Office. 1991. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ "Statement on the Meeting With Chairman Dwayne Andreas of the Foundation for the Commemoration of the United States Constitution". reaganlibrary.gov. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ Plunkett, Marguerite (November 12, 1998). "WXEL gives Palm Beach group up-close look at HDTV". The Palm Beach Post. pp. 6D.
- ^ "Member Profile: Dwayne O. Andreas". The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, Inc. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- ^ "AGRIBUSINESS LEADER OF THE YEAR/HONOR ROLL". agrimarketing.com. Henderson Communications LLC. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ a b Connor, John M. (2007). Global Price Fixing. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 126. ISBN 978-3-540-78669-6.
- ^ "The Mother Jones 400 – Welfare King: Dwayne & Inez Andreas (#3)". Mother Jones. March/April. 1996. p. 44. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008.
- ^ "Preliminary Report of the Special Investigating Committee as Appointed by His Beatitude Metropolitan Herman" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 8, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
- ^ "Regan Deering Announces Campaign for Illinois 13th Congressional District". Decatur Tribune. January 26, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
Further reading
edit- Kahn, E. J. Jr. (1991) Supermarketer to the World: The Story of Dwayne Andreas CEO of Archer Daniels Midland, New York Grand Central Publishing, ISBN 978-0446514958, Veteran New Yorker writer Kahn profiles Illinois philanthropic agri-industrialist Dwayne O. Andreas, 73, whose Archer Daniels Midland international food company grosses $5 billion a year in corn, wheat, soybeans and such by-products as ethanol and degradable plastics.