Catherine Noël Grand (née Worlée; 21 November 1762– 10 December 1835) was a French courtesan and noblewoman. She was the daughter of a colonial officer in French India, who became the mistress and later the wife of French diplomat Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, the first Prime Minister of France. She was known for her exceptional beauty.
Catherine Grand | |
|---|---|
_MET_DP320094.jpg) Madame Grand, 1783 portrait by Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Le Brun, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art | |
| Born | Catherine Noël Worlée 21 November 1762 |
| Died | 10 December 1835 (aged 73) |
| Resting place | Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris |
| Other names | Madame Grand Catherine Noël Grand de Talleyrand-Périgord, Princesse de Bénévent |
| Occupation | Courtesan |
| Spouses | |
Early life in India
editCatherine Noël Worlée (also spelled Werlée) was born in the Danish possession of Tranquebar. She had both French and Danish heritage.[1] Both her parents were French Catholics: her father Pierre Werlée was a French Indian colonial official stationed at nearby Pondicherry, and her mother was Laurence Alleigne, daughter of a colonial armourer.[2] At the time of Catherine's birth, her father was held as a prisoner of the Third Carnatic War by the British. After his release the family settled in Chandernagore. She was poorly educated, but excelled at art, dance, and etiquette.
Catherine met George François Grand, a British civil servant of French-Swiss Huguenot descent stationed at Calcutta, at a ball at Serampore. They were married in a Catholic ceremony in Chandernagore on 10 July 1777,[3] followed by a Protestant ceremony a few hours later.[4] Exquisitely beautiful and very charming, the new Mrs Grand was well-received by the English ton of Calcutta. The newly-weds took up residence in a house near Alipore and seemed to have had a happy first year of married life.[5]
Mrs Grand caught the attention of British colonial official Philip Francis, member of the Supreme Council of Bengal, who was discovered trying to seduce her at her home on the night of 8 December 1778 by her servants.[6] The scandal caused Catherine's husband to send her back to live with her family in Chandernagore, and successfully sued Francis for adultery, receiving 50,000 rupees in damages on 6 March, 1779.[7] Catherine became Francis's mistress soon after.
On 17 August, 1780, Francis was seriously injured in a duel with his political rival Warren Hastings and decided to leave India. They embarked on separate ships in December 1780[8] — Catherine to Paris to live with her relatives and Francis to London — although they planned to meet later on the Continent.[9] Once aboard, Catherine began an affair with fellow passenger Thomas Lewin, a handsome and courteous colonial official from Madras. Their ship was diverted to Cádiz, and the pair arrived together in London by a different ship in the summer of 1781.
Life in Europe
editIn 1782 Mrs Grand and Lewin moved to Paris; their affair ended amicably soon after. Mrs Grand restarted her relationship with Phillip Francis, who would rendezvous with her in Paris and Spa several times.
Parisian courtesan
editÉlisabeth Vigée Le Brun painted her portrait in 1783, and it was one of at least ten portraits Le Brun submitted to the Parisian Salon of the same year.[10] A beautiful blonde, musical and clever, Catherine became a very fashionable courtesan. Catherine served as companion to Claude Antoine de Valdec de Lessart, Édouard Dillon, Louis Monneron, François-Auguste Fauveau de Frénilly and others. In later years, Édouard Colmache would describer thus:[11]
Madame Grand had the kind of beauty which is the rarest and most admired in Europe. She was tall and slight, with that languor in her carriage peculiar to creole ladies; her eyes were well open and affectionate, her features delicate, her golden hair playing in numberless curls, set off a forehead as white as a lily.
Talleyrand and second marriage
edit_MET_DT1994.jpg)
Catherine fled to Britain in 1792 during the French Revolution, but returned to Paris in 1797. Her marriage to George François Grand was annulled in 1798 in absentia[12] and Catherine became the mistress of French Foreign Minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand in the same year.
An Indian, very beautiful, very idle, one of the laziest women I have ever known.
— Charles de Talleyrand
The scandal of Talleyrand, a secularized bishop, living together with his concubine[13] caused Napoleon Bonaparte to issue Talleyrand an ultimatum — either marry Catherine or give her up. Concerned that he meant to abandon her, Catherine forced herself into a diplomatic dinner being hosted by Talleyrand and declared their engagement — Talleyrand was too surprised to contradict her. They were married in a quiet ceremony on 9 September, 1802.[14] Despite his infidelities, Talleyrand admired her beauty, her docile nature, and her gracious hosting at their homes at Hôtel de Galliffet and Château de Valençay.[15][16]
After marriage, their relationship cooled considerably. When Talleyrand was made Prince of Benevento in 1806, Catherine became a princess of Napoleon's First French Empire. In 1808, Napoleon placed the Spanish royal family in the custody of Talleyrand. Catherine was believed to have had a relationship with the Duke of San Carlos. Madame de Talleyrand was with her husband when they welcomed Tsar Alexander I of Russia upon the downfall of Napoleon in 1814.
Later life and death
editFrom the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Talleyrand took the much younger Duchess of Dino as his mistress and Catherine was banished to London. She eventually returned to France in 1817, and settled into a life of quiet luxury from the income she received from Talleyrand and her own ventures. In her later years, Catherine grew excessively fat and vain of her rank of princess.[17] She died in Paris on 10 December 1835, and was buried at Montparnasse Cemetery.
References
edit
- ^ Shapland
- ^ Joelson, p.15
- ^ Shapland
- ^ Joelson, p.29
- ^ Gupta, p.64
- ^ Joelson, p.57-59
- ^ Joelson, p.67
- ^ Shapland
- ^ Joelson, p.81
- ^ "Madame Grand (Noël Catherine Vorlée, 1761–1835)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ Gupta, p.74
- ^ Shapland
- ^ Joelson, p.4
- ^ Joelson, p.194
- ^ Joelson, p.181-182
- ^ Busteed, p.290.
- ^ Joelson, p.289
Bibliography
edit- Busteed, H. E. (1908). Echoes of Old Calcutta: Being Chiefly Reminiscences of the Days of Warren Hastings. London: Thacker, Spink, & Co. (first published 1882).
- Gupta, Abhijit (2018). "Dangerous Liaisons: Portraits of Two Indians in the Court of Napoleon". Trivium: A Multi Disciplinary Journal of Humanities of Chandernagore College, 2(2), pp. 62–76. [1]
- Joelson, Annette (1965). Courtesan Princess: Catherine Grand, Princess de Tallyrand (1st ed.). Philadelphia: Chilton Books.
- Shapland, Lesley (2023-08-23). "A Scandalous Annotation: the story of Madame Grand". British Library - Untold lives blog.