Allocasuarina torulosa, commonly known as forest oak, rose sheoak,[3] river oak or Baker's oak,[4] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a slender, usually dioecious tree that has drooping branchlets up to 140 mm (5.5 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of four or five, and the fruiting cones 15–33 mm (0.6–1 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long.
| Allocasuarina torulosa | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Casuarinaceae |
| Genus: | Allocasuarina |
| Species: | A. torulosa
|
| Binomial name | |
| Allocasuarina torulosa | |
| |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
Description
editAllocasuarina torulosa is slender, usually dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 5–20 m (16–66 ft). Its branchlets are drooping, up to 140 mm (5.5 in) long, the leaves reduced to erect, scale-like teeth 0.3–0.8 mm (0.01–0.03 in) long, arranged in whorls of four or five around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls are 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long, 0.4–0.5 mm (0.016–0.020 in) wide and more or less square in cross-section when young. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 5–30 mm (0.2–1 in) long, with 7 to 12 whorls per cm (per 0.4 in), the anthers 0.5–0.6 mm (0.020–0.024 in) long. Female cones are on a peduncle 8–30 mm (0.3–1 in) long, and mature cones are warty, shortly cylindrical to barrel-shaped, 15–33 mm (0.6–1 in) long and 12–25 mm (0.5–1 in) in diameter, containing brown, winged seeds (samaras) 7–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long.[3][4][5]
Taxonomy
editForest oak was first formally described in 1789 by William Aiton, who gave it the name Casuarina torulosa in Hortus Kewensis from specimens collected by Joseph Banks.[6][7] In 1982, Lawrie Johnson transferred the species to Allocasuarina as A. torulosa in the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.[8][9] Since it was the first species of the genus Allocasuarina to be named by Johnson, it is the type species of that genus.[10]
Distribution and habitat
editAllocasuarina torulosa grows in open forest and on rainforest fringes in moister, more nutrient rich soils than A. littoralis at altitudes from 40 to 1,200 m (130 to 3,940 ft). It is widespread in north-eastern and central-eastern Queensland and on the coast and ranges of New South Wales, as far south as Macquarie Pass and Jenolan Caves. There is also an isolated population on Cape York Peninsula.[3][4][5]
Uses
editThe timber is reddish pink to brown.[11] It is prized by woodworkers and woodturners as a rare and exotic timber, often used in wood turnings, knife handles and other specialist items.[12] The rose she-oak has the largest contraction along the grain (12%) of any Australian wood and needs to be dried carefully to get full value as a useful timber.[13]
Ecology
editThe seeds of A. torulosa have been found to be a food source for the yellow-tailed black cockatoo.[14]
Use in horticulture
editIt grows from seed,[15] and cut or broken trees will often regenerate from the trunk.
This is a low-maintenance tree that will grow in a variety of soils and tolerate light frosts.[15] In the USA, it is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 8–11. It may be susceptible to Armillaria and Phytophthora.[16]
References
edit- ^ IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020). "Allocasuarina torulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T177363617A177375942. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T177363617A177375942.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Allocasuarina torulosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ a b c "Allocasuarina torulosa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ a b c F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Allocasuarina torulosa". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ^ a b Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. "Allocasuarina torulosa". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Casuarina torulosa". APNI. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ Aiton, William (1789). Hortus Kewensis. Vol. 3. London. p. 320. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Allocasuarina torulosa". APNI. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (1982). "Notes on Casuarinaceae II". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 6 (1): 78. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
- ^ "Allocasuarina". APNI. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
- ^ "Rose sheoak | The Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)". Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ "Allocasuarina torulosa Forest Sheoak Tree -". www.daleysfruit.com.au. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ "She-Oaks in a Rural Landscape" (PDF). Glossy Black Conservancy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ "Allocasuarina torulosa". plantselector.botanicgardens.sa.gov.au. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ a b Stewart, Angus. "Allocasuarina torulosa -- Forest she-oak". Gardening with Angus. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
- ^ "UFEI - SelecTree: A Tree Selection Guide". selectree.calpoly.edu. Retrieved 26 April 2021.