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svg{fill:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--secondary:disabled svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse.ds-button--secondary svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse.ds-button--secondary:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-call-to-action{background:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);border:.0625rem solid transparent;border-radius:1rem;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-100);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-weight:500;height:2rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0;padding:.1875rem var(--ds-grid-gap) .3125rem;text-decoration:none;transition:background 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0 .5rem;position:relative}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-economist-red);height:.25rem;width:1.875rem}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent.ds-section-headline--inverse:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline--rule-emphasised:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);height:.0625rem;position:relative}.ds-section-headline--rule-heavy:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);height:.125rem}.ds-section-subheadline{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline-block;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-section-subheadline.ds-section-subheadline--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent .ds-section-subheadline{display:block}.ds-section-subheadline--heavy{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-section-headline-link{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);text-decoration:none;transition:color var(--ds-interactions-transition),border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition)}.ds-section-headline-link:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-section-headline-link:focus{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-section-headline-link:active{box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-section-headline-link.ds-section-headline-link--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline-link.ds-section-headline-link--inverse:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-section-headline-link.ds-section-headline-link--inverse:active{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-link-with-arrow{--link-with-arrow-glyph:"→";align-items:flex-start;display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);text-decoration:none}.ds-link-with-arrow span{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color 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span{border-bottom-width:.0625rem}.ds-link-with-arrow--minor:focus span{box-shadow:0 0 0 .0625rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow--minor:active span{box-shadow:none}.ds-link-with-arrow--serif{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining)}.ds-link-with-arrow--selected{font-weight:700}.ds-link-with-arrow--selected.ds-link-with-arrow--text-left:after,.ds-link-with-arrow--selected.ds-link-with-arrow--text-right:before{color:var(--ds-color-economist-red)}:root{--ds-border-rule:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-85);--ds-border-rule--emphasised:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-5);--ds-border-rule--inverse:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-35);--ds-border-rule--inverse-emphasised:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100);--ds-border-rule--heavy:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-5);--ds-border-rule--inverse-heavy:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100);--ds-border-rule--accent:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-economist-red);--ds-border-rule--inverse-accent:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-rule{background:var(--ds-color-london-85);border:0;height:.0625rem;margin:0;width:100%}.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-rule--emphasised{background:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-rule--emphasised.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-rule--heavy{background:var(--ds-color-london-5);height:.25rem}.ds-rule--heavy.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-rule--accent{background:var(--ds-color-economist-red);height:.25rem;width:1.875rem}.ds-rule--accent.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-chapter-list .ds-section-headline{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 0 .5rem 1.3125rem}.ds-chapter-list__item{border-top:var(--ds-border-rule);margin:0;padding:.625rem 0 .5rem}.ds-chapter-list__item .ds-link-with-arrow{max-width:31rem}.ds-card{background:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-los-angeles-85);border-radius:.25rem;display:flex;flex-flow:column 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em{font-style:italic}.ds-card-action{padding-top:1.25rem}.ds-card-description+.ds-card-action{margin-top:auto}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-card-description+.ds-card-action{padding-top:1.25rem}}.ds-card-content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%;padding:.75rem var(--ds-grid-gap) 1rem var(--ds-grid-gap)}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-card-content{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}}.ds-card-link{align-self:start;color:var(--ds-color-london-10);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin-top:.25rem;outline:solid transparent}.ds-card-link:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95)}.ds-card-link:hover{background-color:transparent;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);text-decoration:none}.ds-card-link:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);text-decoration:none}.ds-control-check__icon{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/icons/controls-plus.svg);cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:28px;width:28px}.ds-control-check__icon.ds-control-check__icon--complete{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/icons/controls-check.svg);cursor:auto}.ds-control-check__label-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.ds-control-check input{-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;box-sizing:content-box;cursor:pointer;height:1.25rem;margin:0;min-width:1.25rem;opacity:0;position:absolute;width:1.25rem}.ds-control-check input:checked+.ds-control-check__icon{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/icons/controls-cross.svg)}.ds-control-check input:checked+.ds-control-check__icon:after{opacity:1}.ds-control-check input:focus+.ds-control-check__icon{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-collapse{align-items:center;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;height:2rem;justify-content:center;padding:.4375em;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);width:2rem;will-change:background-color}.ds-control-collapse svg{width:1.5rem}.ds-control-collapse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-collapse .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-collapse:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-collapse:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-collapse:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-collapse:disabled{background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-collapse--disc{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-20);border-radius:50%;padding:0;will-change:border-color,background-color}.ds-control-collapse--disc svg{width:1.25rem}.ds-control-collapse--disc .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-collapse--disc:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-collapse--disc:focus{border-color:transparent}.ds-control-collapse--disc:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);border-color:transparent}.ds-control-collapse--disc:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);border-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-control-drag{align-items:center;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);border:none;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;height:2rem;justify-content:center;padding:0;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);width:2rem;will-change:background-color}.ds-control-drag,.ds-control-drag svg{display:inline-flex}.ds-control-drag .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-drag:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-drag:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-drag:active,.ds-control-drag:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-drag:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-drag:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-drag--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-drag--inverse .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-35);cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-drag-handle{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);height:100%;position:relative;width:.25rem}.ds-control-drag-handle__thumb{left:-.875rem;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - .875rem)}.ds-control-drag-handle--horizontal{height:.25rem;width:100%}.ds-control-drag-handle--horizontal .ds-control-drag-handle__thumb{left:calc(50% - .875rem);top:-.875rem}.ds-control-drag-handle--disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-drag-handle--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag-handle--inverse.ds-control-drag-handle--disabled{background-color:#666;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-expand{align-items:center;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;height:2rem;justify-content:center;padding:.4375em;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);width:2rem;will-change:background-color}.ds-control-expand svg{width:1.5rem}.ds-control-expand .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-expand .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-expand:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-expand:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-expand:active,.ds-control-expand:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-expand:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-expand:disabled{background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-expand--disc{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);border-radius:50%;padding:.5em}.ds-control-expand--disc svg{width:1.25rem}.ds-control-expand--disc .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-expand--disc .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-expand--disc:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-expand--disc:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-expand--disc:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-expand--disc:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-control-label{align-items:center;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-100);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1);font-weight:500;height:1.5rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);padding:0 .5rem}.ds-control-label--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-media{align-items:center;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);border:none;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;height:2rem;justify-content:center;padding:0;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);width:2rem;will-change:background-color}.ds-control-media,.ds-control-media svg{display:inline-flex}.ds-control-media .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-media .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-media:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-media:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-media:active,.ds-control-media:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-media:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-media:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-media--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-media--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-media--inverse .path-background--disabled{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-control-media--inverse:hover{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-control-media--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-media--inverse:active{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-control-media--inverse:disabled{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.25);cursor:not-allowed}.ds-emphasised-link{align-items:center;border:var(--ds-border-rule);border-radius:.25rem;box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:500;height:2rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);padding:.25rem calc(var(--ds-grid-gap) - .25rem) .25rem var(--ds-grid-gap);text-decoration:none}.ds-emphasised-link:after{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);content:"→";font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);margin:0 0 0 .375rem}.ds-emphasised-link span{border-bottom:.0625rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);margin:.0625rem 0 0;transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color,color}.ds-emphasised-link:hover:after,.ds-emphasised-link:hover span{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-emphasised-link:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-emphasised-link:focus{border-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-emphasised-link:focus span{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-emphasised-link:active{border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none}.ds-emphasised-link:active:after,.ds-emphasised-link:active span{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-emphasised-link:active span{border-bottom-color:transparent}.ds-emphasised-link--secondary{border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-emphasised-link--secondary:after,.ds-emphasised-link--secondary:hover:after,.ds-emphasised-link--secondary span{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-emphasised-link--secondary:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-emphasised-link--secondary:active:after,.ds-emphasised-link--secondary:active span,.ds-emphasised-link--secondary:focus span{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-emphasised-link--inverse{border:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse-emphasised)}.ds-emphasised-link--inverse:after,.ds-emphasised-link--inverse span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-emphasised-link--inverse:hover:after{color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-emphasised-link--inverse:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-emphasised-link--inverse:active:after,.ds-emphasised-link--inverse:active span,.ds-emphasised-link--inverse:focus span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link{align-items:center;display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);text-decoration:none}.ds-navigation-link span{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);transition:all var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color,color}.ds-navigation-link:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-navigation-link:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-navigation-link:focus span{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-navigation-link:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-navigation-link.is-selected{font-weight:700}.ds-navigation-link br{flex:0}.ds-navigation-link--selected{font-weight:700}.ds-navigation-link--inverse span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary span{border-bottom-width:.0625rem;color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary:focus span{box-shadow:0 0 0 .0625rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major{font-weight:700}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:hover{color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:active{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--minor{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--minor span{color:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--minor:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--minor:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-navigation-link--icon span{margin:.125rem 0 0}.ds-navigation-link--icon:before{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;content:"";height:1.5rem;margin:0 .5rem 0 0;width:1.5rem}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--icon-account:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/icons/material-account.svg)}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--icon-search:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/icons/material-search.svg)}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--icon-search.ds-navigation-link--inverse:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/icons/material-search--inverse.svg)}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--secondary:before{height:1.25rem;margin-right:.375rem;width:1.25rem}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--minor:before{height:1rem;margin-right:.375rem;width:1rem}.ds-footer{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);color:var(--ds-color-london-100);padding:2rem var(--ds-grid-gap) .3125rem;padding-bottom:2.5rem;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}.ds-footer-cols-alpha{margin:0 auto 1.5rem}.ds-footer-cols-alpha,.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead{border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse);padding:0 0 .625rem}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead{margin:0 0 1.5rem}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-navigation-link{display:inline-block;margin:0 0 1.375rem}.ds-footer-cols-lambda{align-items:start;border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse);margin:0 auto 1rem}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group .ds-navigation-link{display:inline-block;margin:0 0 .6875rem}.ds-footer-cols-omega{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 auto;max-width:89.5rem}.ds-footer-cols-omega ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.ds-footer-cols-omega .ds-navigation-link{margin:0 var(--ds-grid-gap) .6875rem 0}.ds-footer-cols-lambda .ds-footer__link-list{padding:0 0 1.375rem}.ds-footer-cols-share .ds-footer__link-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0 0 .75rem}.ds-footer-cols-share .ds-footer__link-list li{margin:0 .75rem .75rem 0}.ds-footer__header{color:var(--ds-color-london-100);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:700;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0 0 1.25rem}.ds-footer__copyright{color:var(--ds-color-london-70);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1);margin:0 0 .6875rem}.ds-footer__copyright,.ds-footer__mission-statement{display:block;font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-footer__mission-statement{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);margin:0 0 1rem;max-width:37.5rem}.ds-footer__mission-statement em{font-style:italic}@media (min-width:22.5rem){.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:2;column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}@media (min-width:28.75rem) and (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-layout-grid.ds-footer-cols-lambda{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-footer{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group{grid-column:span 2}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child{display:grid;grid-column:span 4}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child ul{column-count:2;column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:3;grid-column:span 4}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead,.ds-footer-cols-share,.ds-footer__mission-statement{grid-column:1/-1}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-footer-cols-alpha{padding-bottom:.625rem}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead{border:0;grid-column:span 3;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.ds-footer-cols-omega{flex-direction:row}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group{grid-column:span 3}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child{grid-column:span 9}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child ul{column-count:3}.ds-footer-cols-share{grid-column:span 3}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:1}.ds-footer-cols-share .ds-footer__link-list{width:9rem}.ds-footer__copyright{margin-left:auto}.ds-footer__mission-statement{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);grid-column:span 6;max-width:40rem}}@media (min-width:80rem){.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead,.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group,.ds-footer-cols-share{grid-column:span 2}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child,.ds-footer__mission-statement{grid-column:span 6}.ds-footer__copyright{flex:1 0 auto}}.ds-share-link{color:var(--ds-color-london-85);cursor:pointer;display:block;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;height:2rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);text-decoration:none;width:2rem}.ds-share-link .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20);transition:fill-opacity var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:fill-opacity}.ds-share-link:hover .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-share-link:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-share-link:active .path-background,.ds-share-link:focus .path-background{stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-share-link:active .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse .path-foreground{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse:hover .path-background{fill-opacity:.85}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse:focus .path-background{fill-opacity:1;stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse:active .path-background{fill-opacity:.85;stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-layout-grid{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:row;grid-column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:89.5rem;position:relative}.ds-layout-grid--edged{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gap);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gap)}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-layout-grid{grid-template:auto/repeat(6,1fr)}.ds-layout-grid--edged{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-layout-grid{grid-template:auto/repeat(12,1fr)}}.ds-footer-secondary{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);color:var(--ds-color-london-100);padding:2rem var(--ds-grid-gap) .3125rem;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-alpha{border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse);margin:0 auto 1.5rem;max-width:89.5rem;padding:0 0 .625rem}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-alpha__lead .ds-navigation-link{display:inline-block;margin:0 0 1.375rem}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-omega{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 auto;max-width:89.5rem}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-omega ul{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-omega .ds-navigation-link{margin:0 var(--ds-grid-gap) .6875rem 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.ds-form-field-number__button{top:.4375rem}.ds-form-field-number--slim .ds-form-field-number__button--down{top:1.3125rem}.ds-form-helper-text+.ds-form-field-number,.ds-form-label+.ds-form-field-number{margin:.375rem 0 0}.ds-form-password-meter{align-items:center;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);max-width:33rem;width:100%}.ds-form-password-meter span{margin:0 .75rem 0 0}.ds-form-password-meter meter{height:.75rem;width:36%}.ds-form-password-meter meter::-webkit-meter-bar{background:var(--ds-color-london-95);border-radius:4px;height:.75rem;width:100%}.ds-form-password-meter meter::-webkit-meter-even-less-good-value{background:var(--ds-color-tokyo-45);border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:4px}.ds-form-password-meter 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0}.ds-inline-alert--error{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-tokyo-55)}.ds-inline-alert--success{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-55)}.ds-inline-alert--warning{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-singapore-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon{display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);text-decoration:none}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon span{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);margin:.125rem 0 0;transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color,color}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:focus span{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:before{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);content:"⇒";font-size:1.875rem;margin:-.185rem .375rem 0 0}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy{font-weight:500}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:before{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:focus span{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor span{border-bottom-width:.0625rem}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor:focus span{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .0625rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor:before{font-size:1.625rem}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--inverse span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--inverse:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--inverse:focus span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--inverse:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--inverse:before{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-masthead-monogram{display:inline-block;height:4rem;vertical-align:top;width:4rem}.ds-masthead-monogram:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-london-20);outline:solid transparent}.ds-masthead-logo{display:none}@media 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(max-width:59.9375rem){.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search{font-size:0}.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search:before{margin:0}.ds-masthead--secondary .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item:not(.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu),.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search svg{display:none}}@media (max-width:67.9375rem){.ds-masthead{margin-bottom:2rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead.account-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead.account-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-masthead--secondary .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item:not(.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action){display:flex}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action 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1rem}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--log-in{margin-top:-.1875rem;padding-right:0}.ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition{display:none}.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule);display:flex}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse)}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item{padding-left:2rem}.ds-masthead--secondary 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.ds-masthead-account-lists{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border-radius:.5rem;box-shadow:0 .25rem 1rem #00000026;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:10.3125rem;position:absolute;right:var(--ds-grid-gutter);top:100%;z-index:98}.ds-masthead-account-list,.ds-masthead:not(.account-is-open) .ds-masthead-account-lists{display:none}.ds-masthead-account-main-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0 0 1.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item{padding:0 1.5rem 1.875rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:first-child{border-bottom:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-85);padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:nth-child(2){padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:last-child{padding-bottom:0}.ds-masthead-account-main-list--ab-test{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0}.ds-masthead-account-main-list--ab-test 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var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-skip-to-content:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-skip-to-content:focus{left:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-skip-to-content:focus{top:6rem}}.ds-search-form{width:100%}.ds-search-form .ds-search-form-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-end;padding:1rem 0 0;width:100%}.ds-search-form .ds-search-form-container .ds-form-field-layout{flex:1}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-search-form .ds-search-form-container{padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead:not(.search-is-open) .ds-search-form{clip:rect(.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem);height:.0625rem;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:.0625rem}.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-search-form{flex:0 0 100%}}@media (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-masthead:not(.is-open) .ds-search-form{clip:rect(.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem);height:.0625rem;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:.0625rem}}.ds-search-form__cta-container{border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-35);display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem 0 0;width:100%}.ds-media-promo{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);padding:1.5rem 0;position:relative}.ds-media-promo .ds-link-with-arrow-icon:before{content:"";display:block;inset:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;text-indent:-999em;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1}.ds-layout-media-promo{margin:0 auto;padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-media-promo--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-media-promo--podcasts{background-color:var(--ds-color-tokyo-55)}.ds-media-promo--films{background-color:var(--ds-color-new-york-55)}.ds-media-promo--editorial{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-55)}.ds-media-promo__group:before{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;content:"";display:block;margin:0 auto 1.25rem}.ds-media-promo--films .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/illustration/media-promo-films.svg);background-size:6.75rem;height:6rem;width:6.75rem}.ds-media-promo--podcasts .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/illustration/media-promo-podcasts.svg);background-size:7rem;height:6.5625rem;width:7rem}.ds-media-promo--editorial .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.5.1/common/static/images/illustration/media-promo-editorial.svg);background-position:calc(50% + .875rem) 0;background-size:6.1875rem;height:8.75rem;width:100%}.ds-media-promo__title{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-5);font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);margin:0 0 .25rem}.ds-media-promo__description{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0 0 1.5rem}@media (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-media-promo{text-align:center}.ds-media-promo .ds-link-with-arrow-icon{margin:0 auto}}@media (min-width:22.5rem){.ds-media-promo--films .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:7.4375rem;height:6.625rem;width:7.4375rem}.ds-media-promo--podcasts .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:7.5rem;height:7rem;width:7.5rem}}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-media-promo{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:12.5rem}.ds-media-promo,.ds-media-promo__group{align-items:center}.ds-media-promo__group:before{grid-area:1/1/4/3;margin-bottom:0}.ds-media-promo--films .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:8.5rem;height:7.625rem;width:8.5rem}.ds-media-promo--podcasts .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:8.5rem;height:7.9375rem;width:8.5rem}.ds-media-promo--editorial .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-position:50%;background-size:6.5rem;height:9.25rem;width:6.5rem}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon,.ds-media-promo__description,.ds-media-promo__title{grid-area:auto/3/auto/-1}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-media-promo__group:before{grid-column:2/5}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon,.ds-media-promo__description,.ds-media-promo__title{grid-column:5/11}}@media 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.5rem)}.ds-tooltip__balloon--east.ds-tooltip__balloon--inverse:after{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-tooltip__balloon--west{left:calc(100% + .75rem);top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.ds-tooltip__balloon--west:after{border-right-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);right:100%;top:calc(50% - .5rem)}.ds-tooltip__balloon--west.ds-tooltip__balloon--inverse:after{border-right-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-tooltip-button{-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:none;border:none;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;height:1.25rem;justify-content:center;margin:0 0 0 .5rem;padding:0;position:relative;width:1.25rem}.ds-tooltip-button .path-background{transition:fill var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:fill}.ds-tooltip-button:hover .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-tooltip-button:hover .ds-tooltip__balloon{visibility:visible}.ds-tooltip-button:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-tooltip-button:focus .path-background{stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-tooltip-button:focus .ds-tooltip__balloon{visibility:visible}.ds-tooltip-button:active .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5);stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-tooltip-button.ds-tooltip-button--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-tooltip-button.ds-tooltip-button--inverse .path-foreground{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-tooltip-button.ds-tooltip-button--inverse:hover .path-background{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-tooltip-button.ds-tooltip-button--inverse:focus .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-tooltip-button.ds-tooltip-button--inverse:active .path-background{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-tooltip-button--left{margin:0 .5rem 0 0}._advert_11uu0_1{background:#f2f2f259;border:.0625rem solid hsla(0,0%,84%,.5);box-sizing:border-box;line-height:0;padding:1rem 0;text-align:center;width:100%}._advert_11uu0_1._incontent_11uu0_11>div{display:flex;width:100%;justify-content:center;min-height:90px;margin:.5rem 0 0}._advert_11uu0_1:before{color:#595959;content:"Advertisement";display:inline-block;font-family:EconSansOS;font-size:11px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.04rem;line-height:1.4;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}._advert_11uu0_1._top_11uu0_32{box-shadow:inset 0 .0625rem #d6d6d680,inset 0 -.0625rem #d6d6d680;border:none;min-height:19.0625rem}._advert_11uu0_1._top_11uu0_32>div{display:flex;width:100%;justify-content:center;height:250px;margin:.5rem 0 0}._advert_11uu0_1._hidden_11uu0_47{height:0px!important;min-height:0px!important;overflow:hidden;padding:0;border:none!important}._advert_11uu0_1._right_11uu0_55{width:100%;min-height:624px}._advert_11uu0_1._right_11uu0_55>div{display:flex;width:100%;justify-content:center;height:100%;margin:.5rem 0 0}._adcontainer_11uu0_68{width:100%}@media (min-width: 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