INDIAN NORMAL SCHOOL AT PEMBROKE.

O. V. HAMRICK, Principal.

Founded	1887
Number of buildings	1
Number of acres of land	10
Value of building	$ 3,000
Value of land	$ 500
Number of students (primary)	85
Intermediate and normal	77
Number of faculty	3
State appropriation (maintenance)	$ 2,250
State appropriation, special (for building)	$ 2,000

SUPERINTENDENTS.

CHARLES L. COON	1904-1907.
JOHN DUCKETT	1907-1908.
J. A. BIVINS	1908-

THE STATE AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE
FOR THE COLORED RACE.

JAMES B. DUDLEY, President, Greensboro.

        The Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race was established by an act of the General Assembly of North Carolina, ratified March 9, 1891. The leading object of the institution is declared by the act to be instruction in practical agriculture, the mechanic arts, and such branches of learning as relate thereto.

        The management and control of the college and the care and preservation of all its property is vested in a board of trustees, consisting of fifteen members, who are elected by the General Assembly, or appointed by the Governor, for a term of six years.

        The trustees, by the act of the Legislature, have power to prescribe rules for the management and preservation of good order and morals at the college; to elect the president, instructors, and as many other officers and servants as they shall deem necessary; have charge of the disbursements of the funds, and have general and entire supervision of the establishment and maintenance of the college.

        The financial support of the college for the payment of salaries and purchase of apparatus and equipment is derived, for the most part, from the United States, under an act of Congress, known as the "Morrill Act," passed August 20, 1890. This act makes an annual appropriation for each State and Territory for the endowment and support of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and mechanic arts, to be applied "only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language and the various branches of mathematics, physical, natural, and economic sciences, with special reference to their application in the industries of life and to the facilities of such instruction."

        The college also receives an appropriation from the State for general maintenance, which cannot be provided for under the laws governing the use of Federal appropriations.

        The citizens of Greensboro donated fourteen acres of land and $11,000, to be used in construction of buildings. In 1893 this was supplemented by an appropriation of $10,000 by the General Assembly. The main building, one of the finest school edifices in North Carolina, was completed in 1893, and the school opened in the fall of that year.

        Every negro who will observe the splendid record of success and of usefulness which the graduates almost without exception are making must naturally feel grateful to the "Old North State" for the excellent work that this Commonwealth is doing for the uplift of its negro citizens. Every intelligent citizen, black or white, who will note the substantial interest and splendid support that this institution is receiving from every State official and from the representatives of the people in every Legislature, must admire the wise and liberal treatment North Carolina is giving for the maintenance of helpful institutions for her negro citizens, and ever appreciate the excellent results that are being accomplished. It is certain no negro can study the important work of this institution and its influence for the advancement of all people without feeling a stronger sense of obligation to his State that he should strive to be a better, truer, and more patriotic citizen of the great State of North Carolina.

        The institution is located in the eastern part of the city of Greensboro, about one mile from the railway station, upon an elevated tract of about 25 acres of land. About a mile from the college the institution has a farm of 103½ acres, most of which is under cultivation.

        The college has four modern brick buildings, two barns, a small dairy building, two small greenhouses, a piggery, and a few smaller buildings.

        The college has outgrown its facilities for instruction in mechanic arts. The present equipment, which is the original, with very few additions, is wearing out and in some cases obsolete. The influence of this department is far-reaching, as is evidenced by the work of the graduates. Among the graduates of this institution are some of the best and most progressive mechanics in North Carolina. There are substantial evidences of their work in Raleigh. St. Agnes Hospital is probably the most conspicuous. This building was erected by J. W. Holmes, a graduate of the A. and M. College. He is superintendent of industries at St. Augustine's School, Raleigh. The Tupper Memorial Building at Shaw University was designed and built by G. A. Edwards, a graduate of the A. and M. College. G. A. Edwards is in charge of the mechanical department at Shaw. There is a large demand for graduates in mechanics from this institution to organize and take charge of the mechanical courses in the schools of the State, showing that the other institutions are using the mechanical department of the A. and M. College as a model. The superintendent and

manager of the Durham Textile Mills, C. C. Amey, is a graduate of this institution. The negroes of the State are appreciating better every day the advantages of this school as a trade school, and this is due to the success of the trade students.

        The A. and M. College, in order to keep its standard of instruction and usefulness, will have to increase its equipment for instruction in the trades. The efficiency of the mechanical department of the A. and M. College would be greatly increased if provisions were made for a thorough overhauling of such machines and tools as are now in that department and the addition of a few new machines and tools to meet the greatly increased demands for instruction.

        For instruction in agriculture, the college has no building and practically no facilities, yet the college has made greater advancement and has achieved greater success along this than any other line. The best evidence of the value of the instruction in agriculture as given at the A. and M. College is found in the success of its graduates. W. T. Johnson, a graduate, is running a very successful farm near Greensboro, and is doing a thriving dairy business in the city. One graduate in Cumberland County is clearing over $1,000 a year on his farm; a graduate of the class of 1908, who is operating his own farm in Cumberland County, has recently organized a dairy company in Fayetteville which is doing a thriving business. Another graduate of the class of 1907, who has been running his own farm of 100 acres in Chatham County, has recently been appointed farm demonstrator by the U. S. Department of Agriculture for Guilford County. In a civil service examination held last year to secure eligibles for the appointment of a teacher of agriculture at the Carlisle Indian School, one of our graduates stood the highest and received the appointment. A number of our graduates are employed in dairy industries. A member of the class of 1910 is employed by the Rennie Dairy Company, of Richmond, Va., as buttermaker. This company churns over 1,000 gallons of cream daily. A graduate of the class of 1907 is employed as head teacher at the Voorhees Normal and Industrial School in South Carolina; one is superintendent of a 1,200-acre farm at the Brick School, Edgecombe County; another is running his own farm in Alamance County; a graduate of the class of 1902 is florist at Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Ala.; another has charge of the orchards, and still another is in charge of the live-stock department at that famous institution.

        Several graduates are teaching in agricultural schools. One is in charge of the agricultural department of the Colored A. and M. College of West Virginia, and one of the graduates of the class of 1909 is teaching in the State Normal School at Fayetteville, N. C. Until recently one of our graduates had charge of the agricultural department in the State Normal School for negroes at Frankfort, Ky. A number of our graduates are farming and teaching rural schools during the winter months. A graduate in Halifax County is one of the few colored teachers who has succeeded in establishing a rural library in connection with his school.

        The number of students in the agricultural department has increased fivefold in the past five years, which goes to show that the thoughtful colored boy is recognizing the fact that farming offers better inducements than any other line of industry, and he is, therefore, seeking training to that end.

        All of the graduates of last year's class were from the agricultural department. These students come directly from the farm for the purpose of getting instruction in the modern methods of farming in order to produce maximum crops at a minimum cost. It is a business proposition to them, pure and simple. They are seeking an education in order to increase their productive capacity. Every time the A. and M. College increases the productive capacity of a student, it increases the productive capacity of the State, and thereby increases the wealth of the State to that extent. Therefore, every dollar expended by the State in increasing the productive capacity of its colored citizens is a business proposition in the present sense.

        In order that the A. and M. College may meet the demands made upon it for instruction in agriculture, it is necessary that a building and equipment be provided for this purpose similar to that already provided by the State for instruction in the mechanic arts. Money invested by the State for this purpose will, in course of time, revert to the State in the form of taxes from increased agricultural development.

SUMMARY.

Founded	1891
Number of buildings	7
Number of acres of land owned	128½
Value of buildings and equipment	$ 102,572
Value of land	$ 27,000
Number of volumes in the library	1,494
Number of students (incomplete)	315
Number of faculty	19
Income from State appropriation	$ 12,500
Income from Federal appropriation	14,850

PRESIDENTS.

JOHN O. CROSBY	1892-1896.
JAMES B. DUDLEY	1896-

PART VI.
STATE CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.

• 1. CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
• 2. WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
• 3. EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE (COLORED) INSANE.
• 4. NORTH CAROLINA SANATORIUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS.
• 5. NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE FEEBLE-MINDED.
• 6. OXFORD ORPHAN ASYLUM.
• 7. THE SOLDIERS' HOME.

CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.

J. L. PICOT, M.D., Superintendent, Raleigh.

        The State Hospital at Raleigh is situated one mile directly southwest of the city of Raleigh, just over the city's boundary line. The house was erected on the apex of the watershed between Walnut Creek on the south and Rocky Branch on the north and is drained in the best natural sanitary manner possible.

        Every one knows that this institution was built for the unfortunate of North Carolina by the unceasing and persistent efforts of Miss Dorothy Dix, who appeared before the Legislature in 1848, and by the effective help and eloquent plea of the Hon. James C. Dobbin, of Fayetteville, the passage of the bill was secured by a vote of a hundred and one yeas and ten nays.

        The act provided for the appointment of six commissioners--Honorables John M. Morehead, of Guilford; Calvin Graves, of Caswell; T. N. Cameron, of Cumberland; G. W. Mordecai, of Wake; C. L. Hinton, of Wake, and G. O. Watson, of Johnston--to select and purchase a tract of land upon which to erect a building for the purpose of providing for the insane. These commissioners did their work without compensation, and that they did it well is manifested by the elegant and substantial structure upon this site.

        In 1856 the building was near enough to completion for the first board of directors to instruct Dr. E. C. Fisher to order in 40 patients, Dr. Fisher having been elected superintendent by the board. Dr. Fisher held this office until July 7, 1868, when he was superseded by Dr. Eugene Grissom. Dr. Grissom held the office until succeeded by Dr. William K. Wood, of Halifax County, who remained in office but a short while, and was succeeded by Dr. George L. Kirby, who died of pneumonia in February, 1901. Dr. James McKee was elected the following March as his successor. He died in office in 1912 and was succeeded by Dr. J. L. Picot.

        The Legislatures have gradually awakened to the necessity of providing for the insane. The Legislature of 1904 gave the Hospital $40,000, and with it a more commodious fireproof building was erected, with a capacity of 80 additional female patients. The Legislature of 1907 enacted a law providing for a Hospital Commission, and gave them $500,000 to add to the building and erect upon the

grounds such structures as would be conducive to the comfort and restoration of the health of the insane. A storehouse was the first building put up by the commission, at a cost of $4,200; then a carpenter shop at a cost of $3,800. Next an annex for 100 men, at a cost of $48,265. Out of the $500,000 appropriation the Legislature required them to pay for the Grimes land, 1,136 acres, at a cost of $53,500.

        In 1908 the commission disbursed the following amounts: In February, $11,405,75 for heating, plumbing, sewer pipes, sewers, and an addition to complete storeroom; in October, 1908, one building for women, $21,900; three groups of buildings, making nine, at $14,813 apiece, one of these groups being for male convalescent patients, and the other two male and female epileptic, respectively, and with the cost of sewer and pipe connection with the A. and M. College, costing $500, aggregating $66,919.

SUMMARY.

Founded	1856
Number of buildings	15
Number of acres of land	1,311
Number of patients	1,114
Number of attendants	58
Annual appropriation	$175,000

WESTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.

JOHN MCCAMPBELL, M.D., Superintendent, Morganton.

        The State Hospital at Morganton was founded in 1875, but was not regularly opened for the reception of patients until 1883. At the time of its opening, it had a capacity of about 225 patients. Completion of the north wing brought the capacity up to 420 beds. From time to time buildings have been added until the entire plant now comprises ten buildings for patients, with a total capacity of approximately 1,250 beds. The present population, including those away on parol, is 1,309. The demand for admission is far in excess of the capacity of the house, and more than one-third of those applying have to be rejected for lack of room. The hospital is in sore need of increased capacity and better facilities for the treatment of acute cases. The annual appropriation for support during the past two years has been $195,000, which, with strict economy, has been sufficient.

SUMMARY.

Institution founded	1875
Number of buildings	10
Number of acres of land	900
Number of inmates	1,309
Number of attendants	90
Annual appropriation	$ 195,000

SUPERINTENDENTS.

DR. P. L. MURPHY	1882-1907.
DR. JOHN MCCAMPBELL	1907-

EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR THE (COLORED) INSANE.

DR. W. W. FAISON, Superintendent, Goldsboro.

        This institution was opened for the reception of patients August 1, 1880. The number of patients received since its beginning is 3,973, number discharged 3,183, number of patients remaining on roll 790.

SUMMARY.

Founded	1880
Number of buildings	13
Number of acres of land	690
Value of buildings and equipment	$ 270,000
Value of land	$ 27,000
Number of inmates	790
Number of attendants	52
State appropriation per annum	$85,000.00
Income from other sources (estimated)	3,500

SUPERINTENDENTS.

W. H. MOORE	1880-1882.
J. D. ROBERTS	1882-1888.
J. F. MILLER	1888-1906.
W. W. FAISON	1906-

NORTH CAROLINA SANATORIUM FOR THE TREATMENT OF
TUBERCULOSIS. ^*

        * This is the same statement that appeared in the Manual of 1911. I regret that I have been unable to secure from the Superintendent a revised statement for the present Manual.--ED.

M. E. STREET, M.D., Superintendent, Aberdeen, N. C.

        The North Carolina Sanatorium for the Treatment of Tuberculosis was authorized by an act of the General Assembly of 1907. For this purpose the General Assembly appropriated the sum of $15,000 for construction and $5,000 annual maintenance. The sum of $7,750 was expended for land amounting to 950 acres. Three buildings were begun in 1908, consisting of one two-story pavilion, 46 × 68, which would accommodate about 35 patients when completed, a kitchen and dining-room, dining-room to accommodate 20 patients, and one three-room cottage for help to live in. A part of this tract of land consists of a farm with an eight-room farmhouse; there are about 60 acres in cultivation.

        The General Assembly of 1909 appropriated $30,000 to continue the work of construction and increased the annual maintenance to $7,500. This enabled the institution to install power plant, to furnish lights and pump water--a complete water system; plenty pure fresh water is furnished from two deep wells, one of these wells being 225 feet and the other 245 feet; plumbing in all the buildings, a complete sewer system; finish the buildings begun with the first appropriation, and erect the following new buildings: One two-story pavilion to accommodate about 20 patients; one large club-house for amusement of such patients as can take exercise; one fourteen-room nurses' building, superintendent's cottage, four-room cottage for colored help, four-room cottage for electrician at power plant, fumigating-room and crematory. A large kitchen and dining-hall to accommodate 100 patients are in course of construction, with funds in hand to pay for same. Also, repairs on farmhouse, for the fencing of 300 acres of land, including farm and 200 acres in park; 50 acres have been parked; and development of farm, and a dairy. Three hundred and twenty-five acres of land were purchased with the last appropriation for $1,200, making in all 1,275 acres of land.

SUMMARY.

Value of buildings and equipment	$ 35,000
Number of acres	1,275
Value of land	$ 18,000
Number of patients	30
Attendants	10
Annual appropriation	$ 7,750

SUPERINTENDENT.

DR. J. E. BROOKS

term, two years.

NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL FOR THE FEEBLE-MINDED.

IRA M. HARDY, M.D., Superintendent, Kinston.

        According to the Constitution of North Carolina, Article II, section 9, the North Carolina School for the Feeble-minded was authorized by an act of the General Assembly of 1911 by a State bond issue of $60,000 to begin the work.

        On account of the limited amount of bonds issued, the trustees decided to ask communities to make bids for the location of said school. After a spirited contest between several communities the county of Lenoir, through a committee of seventeen of its representative citizens, raised a considerable amount of money and bought 847 acres of land and donated it to the school, together with free electric lights from the power plant at Kinston for a period of five years. The board of trustees later bought 49 acres of land, making a total of 895 acres of land. On this land there are a number of good farm buildings which can be used to good advantage by the institution. The value of the gift is not less than $25,000, which does not include a side-track 3,000 feet long, from the railroad to the powerhouse, which the Norfolk and Southern Railway Company donated; estimated cost of building $5,000; making a total valuation of the property donated $30,000.

        On this property is flowing artesian water. The land is part of the old Richard Caswell grant, near where his remains lie, located a mile and a quarter from Kinston, on the Norfolk and Southern Railroad at Hines Junction, and on the Central Highway that leads from Beaufort to Waynesville.

        The buildings are on a semi-circular plan, 2,000 feet from the highway, on a hill facing the south, the railroad, and the highway, and present a commanding appearance. There will be four substantial and permanent buildings in the first group. The main building will contain a dining-room, a matron's office, and eight sleeping rooms. The kitchen is located in the rear of this building and is connected to it by a covered walkway. There will be a dormitory on each side of the central building, one for boys and one for girls, to accommodate about sixty-five each.

        The superintendent already has in hand six times as many applications for admission as the institution will accommodate. This institution takes a class that no other institution in the State cares for, namely, imbeciles, idiots, backward and feeble-minded children. This institution is a part of the State's great system of public education.

OXFORD ORPHAN ASYLUM.

R. L. BROWN, Superintendent, Oxford.

        In the year 1872 the Oxford Orphan Asylum was established by the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Order of Masons of North Carolina.

        It was the first institution of its character established in the State and one of the first in the South.

        This property was originally the old St. John's College, and was established in 1855 by the Grand Lodge of North Carolina for educational purposes. After being tried for a number of years and proving a failure financially, the Grand Lodge in 1872 decided to turn the property into a home for the orphan children of the State.

        This was accomplished largely through the instrumentality of John H. Mills, who offered the resolution at the meeting of the Grand Lodge and worked for its adoption without very great encouragement. It was, therefore, quite fitting that he should have been chosen to be the first superintendent of the orphanage.

        The purpose of the institution is to provide a temporary home and training school for the homeless boys and girls of the State.

        The conditions of admission of the white children of North Caroline are: That they are really destitute and homeless; that they are of sound mind and body; and they are not under six years of age or over twelve.

        The benefits of Oxford Orphan Asylum have never been restricted to the children of Masons alone. Only about one-eighth or 12½ per cent of its children had fathers who were Masons.

        About 2,850 children have received the care and training of the institution since 1872.

        The institution is providing the necessities of life for these children, the opportunity to acquire an English education, industrial training in cottages, kitchen, sewing-room, laundry, shoeshop, printing office, telegraphy and typewriting, woodworking shop, dairy, and on farm. Each child is in school at least the half of each school day during the school term of nine months. Moral and religious instruction is prominent in the work.

        In recognition of the services of the Oxford Orphan Asylum, its value to our Commonwealth in its work, the State of North Carolina appropriates $10,000 annually to aid in its maintenance and extension.

        Annually a report of the operations of the institution is made to the Governor of the State and to the State Board of Public Charities.

        At the request of the Grand Lodge of Masons, the State of North Carolina is represented by three members on the board of directors of the Orphanage. These are appointed by the Governor of the State.

SUMMARY.

Founded	1872
Number of buildings	24
Number of acres of land	242
Value of land, buildings, and equipment	$150,000.00
Number of volumes in library	1,800
Number of children in institution (Sept. 1, 1912)	320
Number of officers and teachers	35
Annual income (State appropriation)	$ 10,000.00
Annual income (other sources)	22,300.00
Annual per capita cost	83.60

SUPERINTENDENTS.

J. H. MILLS	Served 11 years.
B. F. DIXON	Served 7 years.
JUNIUS T. HARRIS	Served 3 months.
W. S. BLACK	Served 3 years.
N. M. LAWRENCE	Served 4 years.
W. J. HICKS	Served 12 years.
R. L. BROWN	Served since 1910.

THE SOLDIERS' HOME. ^*

        * This article was prepared for The Manual by Capt. W. F. Drake.

CAPT. W. S. LINEBERRY, Superintendent, Raleigh.

        So far as can be ascertained from the records on file in the office of the Soldiers' Home, a home for indigent Confederate soldiers was first established in a rented house at the corner of Polk and Blood-worth streets, in the city of Raleigh, and declared to be opened on October 15, 1890, with five inmates. W. C. Stronach, under the auspices of the Daughters of the Confederacy, acted as superintendent, and looked after the personal comforts of the men.

        The General Assembly of 1891, chapter 60, Private Laws, incorporated Gen. Robert F. Hoke, Col. William L. Saunders, Col. A. B. Andrews, Capt. S. A. Ashe, Gen. Rufus Barringer, Gen. A. M. Scales, Gen. Robert B. Vance, Gen. Thomas L. Clingman, Gen. W. P. Roberts, Gen. Julian S. Carr, Capt. Thomas J. Jarvis, Col. W. P. Wood, Gen. Matt W. Ransom and other members of the Confederate Veterans' Association, under the name and style of "The Soldiers' Home Association," and conferred upon this association the usual corporate powers. The act gave to the Soldiers' Home Association a tract of land near the eastern section of the city of Raleigh, known as Camp Russell, to be used for the purposes of a Soldiers' Home, and, if it should cease to be so used, to revert to and belong to the State. The same act appropriated $3,000 for the maintenance of the Soldiers' Home and the support of its inmates. Section 6 of the act is as follows:

        "The directors shall cause to be kept a minute-book of the home, in which full entries shall be kept concerning memorable incidents in the lives of its inmates. They shall also take steps to form a museum of Confederate relics and to perpetuate such historical records of the Confederate soldiers of North Carolina as they shall find it practicable to do."

        The act was ratified February 14, 1901.

        On April 27, 1891, the number of inmates of the Soldiers' Home having increased to 9, they were removed to an old building at Camp Russell which had been fitted up for the purposes of the home. Miss Mary Williams was appointed matron and served in that capacity until February 15, 1893, when Capt. J. H. Fuller was made resident

superintendent. On February 1, 1898, Superintendent Fuller resigned. Feebleness of age and the increase in number of inmates had made the duties too arduous for one of his strength.

        Capt. R. H. Brooks was elected to succeed Captain Fuller, and served until his death on June 14, 1910. The number of inmates continued to increase during his term, and the necessity for new and larger buildings became urgent. A dormitory was built to accommodate 70 inmates, and furnished by liberal donations from the Daughters of the Confederacy and others. A large hospital was built, medical attention given, nurses employed, water, sewerage, and electric lights provided and the grounds made attractive. Such heavy expense exceeded the appropriation made by the State, and at the close of Captain Brooks' term the books showed the home to be in arrears to the extent of $6,000; but all felt confident that the Legislature would provide for the deficiency.

        The present superintendent, Capt. W. S. Lineberry, was elected to succeed Captain Brooks, and entered upon his duties July 20, 1910.

        An appropriation of $30,000 was made by the Legislature of 1911 for the support of the home, and a further appropriation of $3,500 for the construction of an additional building of ten rooms, which has been completed and is now occupied. The home is now out of debt; the buildings bright with new paint; the grounds ornamented with trees and shrubbery, and the walks clean. The old comrades are, as a rule, contented. The fare is good, the rooms comfortable, the regulations reasonable, and an air of cheerfulness pervades. All this has come from the humble beginning of October, 1890.

SUPERINTENDENTS.

MISS MARY WILLIAMS	1891-1893.
CAPT. J. H. FULLER	1893-1898.
CAPT. R. H. BROOKS	1898-1910.
CAPT. W. S. LINEBERRY	1910-

SUMMARY.

Founded	1890
Number inmates received	986
Number died	414
Number now in Home	135

PART VII.
MISCELLANEOUS.

• 1. THE NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY.
• 2. THE ATLANTIC AND NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY.
• 3. NORTH CAROLINA AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
• 4. STATE CAPITOL.
• 5. STATE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING.
• 6. NORTH CAROLINA DAY.
• 7. CONSTITUTION OF NORTH CAROLINA.
• 8. ELECTION RETURNS.

THE NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY.

A. H. ELLER, Secretary and Treasurer. ^*

        The greatest of all enterprises so far attempted by the State of North Carolina in the nature of a public or internal improvement was the building of the North Carolina Railroad from Goldsboro by way of Raleigh, Greensboro and Salisbury, to Charlotte.

        Considering the experimental state of railroading at that time, the dread of public or private indebtedness, and the limited resources, the movement was a monumental enterprise--and one in advance of anything attempted by almost any other State in the Union. The success, however, which has crowned the labors and sacrifices of our fathers has established beyond all question that their wisdom was equal to, or superior to, any displayed before or since their day.

        In 1833, the Raleigh and Gaston Railroad Company and the Wilmington and Raleigh, afterwards known as the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad Company, were chartered, and later these roads were built. In 1848 the former was in the hands of the State, and was in a bankrupt condition for the want of patronage. It was necessary to give it some connection, or to extend it. At the session of November, 1848, the western counties urged a charter for a road from Charlotte to Danville, asking no State aid; but the eastern members opposed that project. The finances of the State were in such an impoverished condition that it was generally deemed impracticable for the State to give any considerable aid to any railroad; but William S. Ashe, the Democratic Senator from New Hanover, introduced a bill to construct a road from Goldsboro to Charlotte, under the name of the North Carolina Railroad, and appropriating two millions of dollars for that purpose, on condition, however, that private parties could subscribe one million, and to secure the payment of the State bonds when issued, a lien was given on the State's stock.

        When the western men brought up the Charlotte and Danville bill in the House, Stanley and other eastern men opposed it so bitterly that it could not pass, and then in a dramatic scene, the friends of internal improvement agreed to send to the Senate and take the Ashe bill from the files and offer it as a substitute. After a great and

prolonged struggle the bill passed the House of Commons. In the Senate it failed by an adverse majority of one; but the Senator from Cumberland was led to support it by passing the bill for the State to build the plank road from Fayetteville to Salem; and then the vote in the Senate was a tie. Speaker Graves, who had up to that moment maintained an impenetrable silence as to the measure, broke the tie in favor of building the road by State aid; and the measure was passed. Speaker Graves was never again elected to any office by the vote of his people.

        To secure the needed one million of private stock, Speaker Graves, Governor Morehead, and Mr. William Boylan made great exertions, and by their efforts, aided by Joseph Caldwell, Governor W. A. Graham, Paul C. Cameron, and others, the necessary stock was eventually raised. On January 29, 1856, the railroad was ready for passage of trains from Goldsboro to Charlotte, and charters had been granted for two other roads--from Goldsboro to Morehead City, and from Salisbury to the Tennessee line.

        By act, ratified 14th of February, 1855, the General Assembly increased the capital stock to $4,000,000, and subscribed for the State the whole of the added capital. From that time till now the State has owned three-fourths, and individuals one-fourth of this road.

        The first president of the company was Governor John M. Morehead, to whom so much was due for securing the subscription of the private stock, and under his direction the road was constructed. His successors were Charles F. Fisher, of Rowan; Paul C. Cameron, Josiah Turner, Jr., of Orange, and William A. Smith, of Johnston. During the administration of Mr. Smith the road was, on the 11th day of September, 1871, leased to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company for thirty years, at a rental of 6 per cent per annum. The subsequent presidents of the company have been: Thomas M. Holt, Lee S. Overman, S. B. Alexander, J. F. Kornegay, R. M. Norment, J. L. Armstrong, H. G. Chatham, Charles M. Stedman, and Bennehan Cameron.

        On the 16th day of August, 1895, in view of the approaching termination of the lease, the property was leased to the Southern Railway Company for a term of ninety-nine years, at an annual rental of 6½ per cent for six years and 7 per cent for the remaining ninety-three years, and the stock of the company was selling at $186 per share until the panic of 1907.

        On the readjustment of the debt of the State, the State renewed the bonds issued for the purchase of the North Carolina Railroad stock, pledging the original lien on the stock for the payment of the debt.

        Col. Peter B. Ruffin, for more than thirty years, was the faithful and efficient secretary and treasurer of the company.

        The secretaries of the company in the order of their election and service are as follows: Cyrus P. Mendenhall, Julius B. Ramsey, R. M. Mills, F. A. Stagg, J. A. McCauley, W. F. Thornburg, P. B. Ruffin, H. B. Worth, Spencer B. Adams, D. H. McLean, and A. H. Eller.

        The State, as is well known, has continued to own its $3,000,000 of the original capital stock, and has acquired two (2) additional shares, thus giving it 30,002 shares at par value, amounting to $3,000,200, which, however, at the recent market value aggregates $5,580,372. And it is confidently believed that if the State desired to part with a controlling interest in the company, its stock would command a much greater price, and those who have watched the constant advance in the price of this stock expect it to go to $200 per share at an early day.

        Under the lease of 1871 to the Richmond and Danville Railroad Company, the company could not have claimed the betterments made by the lessee; but under the present lease the company is not only amply secured by bond for the prompt payment of its lease money and organization expenses, to wit, $143,000 on the first day of January and July of each year, but upon the termination of said lease for any cause, the company acquires the betterments made thereon.

        In addition to the railroad and rolling stock leased to the Southern Railway Company, the company still owns valuable lands in and about Company Shops, now known as the city of Burlington.

        When the Board of Directors, appointed by Governor Aycock, took charge of the company's affairs, there was a floating indebtedness of $10,000. The May balance, 1912, of the present secretary and treasurer shows that said indebtedness has been paid and a special dividend of ½ of 1 per cent, amounting to $20,000, and the company has to its credit in the bank the sum of $21,128.64, all of which, except a small balance, is drawing 4 per cent interest. Again on August 1, 1912, an extra ½ of 1 per cent dividend, amounting to $20,000 was paid. Promptly upon the payment of the lease money on the first of January

and July in each year, the directors declare a dividend and the secretary and treasurer pays to the State Treasurer immediately $105,000, and like dividend is paid to the private stockholders on the first day of February and August of each year. The present Board of Directors, as appointed by Governor Kitchin on the part of the State, are given below. The State's proxy is Jo. M. Reese; the expert is John W. Thompson, and the company's attorney is Frank R. McNinch.

        A true sketch of this company would be incomplete without calling attention to the long and invaluable services of Gen. R. F. Hoke as director. His experience and great knowledge of affairs, and lifelong devotion to the best interest of the company, entitle him to the gratitude of the State, as well as the private stockholders. His death on July 3, 1912, was deeply and universally lamented.

        The question is sometimes asked why the organization of the North Carolina Railroad Company is kept up, and what particular functions it performs.

        This company, as some people think, does not belong to the State of North Carolina. It is a quasi-public corporation like all other railroad companies, in which the State owns three-fourths of the stock. It is managed practically as any private corporation would be managed, the principal difference being that the Governor has the appointment of eight of the directors, while the private stockholders have the election of four of the directors.

        The organization is maintained for the purpose of enforcing the terms of the lease to the Southern Railway Company, and, in case of the termination of that lease for any cause, to resume the operation of the road.

        It is required to see that the bonds given for the prompt payment of the rent, and also the bond to maintain the rolling stock in good condition, are kept in force. It receives the rent money of $280,000 per year, payable semiannually, and declares a dividend and pays the same to the stockholders of record. It transfers stock like other corporations.

        In leasing its property to the Southern Railway Company it reserved its office building, which is the residence of the secretary and treasurer, containing its vault and records, at Burlington, N. C. It owns certain real estate in and about the city of Burlington, which is sold by its land committee from time to time.

        The secretary and treasurer is required to give a bond in the sum of

$50,000 and his books and accounts are audited by a finance committee at stated times. It is required to file a report annually with the State Corporation Commission and one with the Interstate Commerce Commission as other railroad companies must do. It also reports its income for Federal taxation like other corporations. Its stock is the most valuable holding that the State of North Carolina has amongst its assets, and whether it will be the policy of the State to hold its stock perpetually or to dispose of the same, is a matter for the legislatures of the future.