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- Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson (1732–1808) and published under the pseudonym "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the Thirteen Colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts in the run-up to the American Revolution. According to many historians, the impact of the Letters on the colonies was unmatched until the publication of Thomas Paine's Common Sense in 1776. The success of the letters earned Dickinson considerable fame. The twelve letters are written in the voice of a fictional farmer, who is described as modest but learned, an American Cincinnatus, and the text is laid out in a highly organized pattern "along the lines of ancient rhetoric". The letters laid out a clear constitutional argument, that the British Parliament had the authority to regulate colonial trade but not to raise revenue from the colonies. This view became the basis for subsequent colonial opposition to the Townshend Acts, and was influential in the development of colonial thinking about the relationship with Britain. The letters are noted for their mild tone, and urged the colonists to seek redress within the British constitutional system. The character of "the farmer", a persona built on English pastoral writings whose style American writers before Dickinson also adopted, gained a reputation independent of Dickinson, and became a symbol of moral virtue, employed in many subsequent American political writings. (en)
- 宾夕法尼亚农民的来信（英語：Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania） 是由宾夕法尼亚的律师和议员约翰·迪金森(1732-1808)在1767到1768年间所撰写，以“一位农民”署名出版的系列文章。这十二封信在北美十三殖民地广为阅读和重印，并且在联合十三殖民地反抗《汤森法案》发挥了重要作用。这十二封信的成功使得迪金森赢得相当的名望。 虽然承认英议会在殖民地涉及整个英帝国事务的权力，但迪金森却认为殖民地在内务方面享有主权。因此，他认为英议会加诸殖民地的税负是为英国扩大财政收入之需，而非管理贸易，因此是不合宪的做法。 于他笔下的系列书信里，迪金森预见了殖民地和英国将来爆发冲突的可能性，但是 他警告说除非“人民被完全地说服（必须要诉诸暴力保护幸福）”否则不要诉诸暴力。 毋庸置疑，如果最终达成一个恶性的决议来消灭被统治者的自由，那英国的历史就经常提供以武力抵抗的例子。在未来怎样特定情形下可证明这种抵抗是正当的，在这种特殊情形发生之前永远无法确定。也许一般而言，在人们完全确信任何进一步的屈从都会破坏他们幸福之前，（武力反抗）是不合法的。 ——第三封信 在看来，“迪金森的十二封信的方式很适合他们的方式。在形式上，（迪金森的写作）属于英国政治小册子式‘高贵’或‘清醒’的传统——正如《常识》属于'粗糙和即时'但大众化的另一传统 ” 布拉德福德认为，如同《加图来信》源自罗马政治家西塞罗，迪金森的书信写作源自 弥尔顿、斯威夫特、约瑟夫·艾迪生和埃德蒙·伯克的传统。 (zh)
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- First page of the preface to the London edition of the letters. (en)
- John Dickinson's response to the town of Boston. (en)
- Title page of the French edition of the letters. (en)
- Paean written by the town of Boston to the "Farmer". (en)
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- The opening of Benjamin Franklin's preface to the London edition of the Letters, published in June 1768. (en)
- As French was the language of politics in Continental Europe, the French translation published in 1769 allowed the Letters to reach a broad European audience. (en)
- Frontispiece and title page of a 1903 reprint of the letters (en)
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- In March 1768, the town of Boston published a paean to the "farmer" in the Boston Gazette. Dickinson responded in character, signing, "A FARMER". (en)
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- Paean written by the town of Boston to the "Farmer" .png (en)
- John Dickinson's letter to the town of Boston.png (en)
- Lettres d'un fermier de Pensylvanie.jpg (en)
- Benjamin Franklin's Preface to Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania.png (en)
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- Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania, to the inhabitants of the British Colonies (en)
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- December 1767 – April 1768 (en)
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- Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (en)
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- Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (en)
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- Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson (1732–1808) and published under the pseudonym "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the Thirteen Colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts in the run-up to the American Revolution. According to many historians, the impact of the Letters on the colonies was unmatched until the publication of Thomas Paine's Common Sense in 1776. The success of the letters earned Dickinson considerable fame. (en)
- 宾夕法尼亚农民的来信（英語：Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania） 是由宾夕法尼亚的律师和议员约翰·迪金森(1732-1808)在1767到1768年间所撰写，以“一位农民”署名出版的系列文章。这十二封信在北美十三殖民地广为阅读和重印，并且在联合十三殖民地反抗《汤森法案》发挥了重要作用。这十二封信的成功使得迪金森赢得相当的名望。 虽然承认英议会在殖民地涉及整个英帝国事务的权力，但迪金森却认为殖民地在内务方面享有主权。因此，他认为英议会加诸殖民地的税负是为英国扩大财政收入之需，而非管理贸易，因此是不合宪的做法。 于他笔下的系列书信里，迪金森预见了殖民地和英国将来爆发冲突的可能性，但是 他警告说除非“人民被完全地说服（必须要诉诸暴力保护幸福）”否则不要诉诸暴力。 毋庸置疑，如果最终达成一个恶性的决议来消灭被统治者的自由，那英国的历史就经常提供以武力抵抗的例子。在未来怎样特定情形下可证明这种抵抗是正当的，在这种特殊情形发生之前永远无法确定。也许一般而言，在人们完全确信任何进一步的屈从都会破坏他们幸福之前，（武力反抗）是不合法的。 ——第三封信 在看来，“迪金森的十二封信的方式很适合他们的方式。在形式上，（迪金森的写作）属于英国政治小册子式‘高贵’或‘清醒’的传统——正如《常识》属于'粗糙和即时'但大众化的另一传统 ” (zh)
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- Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (en)
- 宾夕法尼亚农民的来信 (zh)
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- Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania, to the inhabitants of the British Colonies (en)
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