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- دادلي رانغل كلارك (بالإنجليزية: Dudley Clarke) (27 أبريل 1899 – 7 مايو 1974) كان ضابطاً في الجيش البريطاني، كما أنه مشهور كرائد في مجال عمليات الخداع العسكري خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، إذ ساعدت أفكاره التي جمعت بين الأوامر الوهمية في المعارك والخداع البصري والعملاء المزدوجين في رسم إستراتيجية الخداع خلال الحرب، لهذا السبب يشار إليه باسم «المخادع البريطاني الأعظم في الحرب العالمية الثانية»، كما ساهم كلارك بشكل كبير في تأسيس 3 فرق عسكرية شهيرة، وهي القوات الخاصة البريطانية (الكوماندوس) والقوة الجوية الخاصة وقوات الصاعقة البرية الأمريكية. ولد كلارك في جوهانسبرغ وعاش طفولته قريباً من لندن، ثم انضم إلى المدفعية الملكية بصفة ضابط في عام 1916، لكنه انتقل إلى الفيلق الجوي الملكي بعد اكتشافه أنه كان صغير السن ليشارك في الحرب في فرنسا، قضى فترة الحرب العالمية الأولى وهو يتعلم الطيران، بداية في ريدنغ ثم في مصر، عاد كلارك إلى المدفعية الملكية في عام 1919 وتابع بمسيرة مهنية متنوعة قائماً بأعمال استخباراتية في الشرق الأوسط. في عام 1936 نُقل إلى فلسطين حيث ساهم في تنظيم القمع البريطاني للثورة الفلسطينية، خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية انضم كلارك إلى فريق العمل التابع للضابط جون ديل واقترح كما ساهم في تنظيم هجمات للقوات الخاصة على فرنسا، والتي كانت شكلاً مبكراً للكوماندوس البريطاني. في عام 1940 استدعي كلارك إلى القاهرة من قبل أرشيبالد ويفل الذي عينه مسؤولاً عن الخداع الاستراتيجي، وكغطاء لهذا الأمر تم تعيينه لتشكيل مركز إقليمي عائد إلى المكتب التاسع للاستخبارات العسكرية، وهو قسم مخصص لفنون الهرب وتفادي الأعداء، في العام التالي تلقى كلارك توظيفاً حربياً ثابتاً وأسس قسم القوة أ المتقدمة المزود بطاقم عمل صغير من أجل تنظيم عمليات الخداع. حالما وصل تجهيز هذا القسم إلى المستوى المناسب، بدأ كلارك بالبحث عن عقود استخباراتية في تركيا وإسبانيا، وفي أواخر عام 1941 تم استدعاؤه إلى لندن، حيث حاز عمله في الخداع العسكري على اهتمام القيادات العليا لقوات الحلفاء، بعد ذلك بفترة وجيزة ألقي القبض على كلارك في مدريد مرتدياً ملابس نسائية في ظروف بقيت غامضة إلى اليوم، أطلق سراحه بعدها وسمح له بالعودة إلى القاهرة بعد أن تم استجوابه من قبل حاكم جبل طارق. خلال فترة غياب كلارك حدث اضطراب في عمل القيادة العليا لقسم الخداع العسكري في الشرق الأوسط، تلقى الكولونيل رالف باغنولد قيادة التخطيط وأوعز بتنحية القوة أ المتقدمة جانباً، أُرسل كلارك إلى العلمين حيث كانت قوات الحلفاء في طور الانسحاب من أجل تطبيق مخططات الخداع العسكري الخاصة به، وعند عودته تمت تنحية باغنولد وإعادة القوة أ مرة أخرى لتصبح القسم الأساسي للخداع العسكري. خلال عام 1942 طبق كلارك عملية خداع عسكرية دعيت باسم عملية الشلال (Operation Cascade) وهي عملية تزييف التنظيم العسكري (أي إظهار الجيش في وضع استعداد زائف) إذ أضاف عدداً كبيراً من الوحدات الوهمية إلى صفوف قوات الحلفاء، حازت هذه العملية على نجاح واضح إذ تخيل العدو أن معظم التشكيلات العسكرية كانت حقيقية، منذ عام 1942 وحتى 1945 تابع كلارك تنظيم عمليات الخداع في شمال أفريقيا وجنوب أوروبا، وبعد الحرب طُلب منه تسجيل تاريخ ونشاطات القوة أن تقاعد كلارك عام 1947 وعاش بقية حياته بعيداً عن الأضواء. إضافة إلى نشاطاته الأدبية التي نتج عنها كتابان تاريخيان ورواية تشويقية، عمل كلارك في الحزب المحافظ واستلم منصب الإدارة في شركة سيكيوريكور، توفي في لندن عام 1974. (ar)
- Brigadier Dudley Wrangel Clarke, CB, CBE (27 April 1899 – 7 May 1974) was an officer in the British Army, known as a pioneer of military deception operations during the Second World War. His ideas for combining fictional orders of battle, visual deception and double agents helped define Allied deception strategy during the war, for which he has been referred to as "the greatest British deceiver of WW2". Clarke was also instrumental in the founding of three famous military units, namely the British Commandos, the Special Air Service and the US Rangers. Born in Johannesburg and brought up near London, Clarke joined the Royal Artillery as an officer in 1916 but transferred to the Royal Flying Corps after finding he was too young to fight in France. He spent the First World War learning to fly, first in Reading and then Egypt. Clarke returned to the Royal Artillery in 1919 and had a varied career doing intelligence work in the Middle East. In 1936 he was posted to Palestine, where he helped organise the British repression of the 1936 Arab uprising. During the Second World War, Clarke joined John Dill's staff, where he proposed and helped to implement an idea for raids into France – an early form of the British Commandos. In 1940, Archibald Wavell called Clarke to Cairo and placed him in charge of strategic deception. As a cover, he was employed to set up a regional organisation for MI9, a British escape and evasion department. The following year Clarke received a war establishment and set up Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force with a small staff to plan deception operations. Once satisfied with the department's structure, he pursued intelligence contacts in Turkey and Spain. In late 1941 Clarke was called to London, where his deception work had come to the attention of Allied high command. Shortly afterward, while in Madrid, he was arrested wearing women's clothing, in circumstances that remain unclear. He was released and after being questioned by the governor of Gibraltar, allowed to return to Cairo. During Clarke's absence, deception hierarchy in Middle East Command had become muddled. Colonel Ralph Bagnold had taken over deception planning, pushing 'A' Force aside. Clarke was sent to El Alamein, where Allied forces were on the retreat, to work on deception plans. Upon his return, Bagnold was sidelined and 'A' Force reinstated as the primary deception department. Throughout 1942 Clarke implemented Operation Cascade, an order of battle deception which added many fictional units to the Allied formations. Cascade was a success; by the end of the war the enemy had accepted most of the formations as real. From 1942 to 1945, Clarke continued to organise deception in North Africa and southern Europe. After the war, he was asked to record the history of 'A' Force. He retired in 1947 and lived the rest of his life in relative obscurity. As well as pursuing a literary career that produced two histories and a thriller, he worked for the Conservative Party and was a director of Securicor. He died in London in 1974. (en)
- Dudley Clarke (Johannesburgo, Sudáfrica; 27 de abril de 1899 - Londres, Reino Unido; 7 de mayo de 1974) fue un oficial en la armada británica. Es conocido por ser un pionero en sus tácticas de desinformación o «decepción militar» durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sus ideas de: órdenes ficticias de Batalla, agentes dobles y decepción visual, ayudaron definitivamente a los aliados. (es)
- Dudley Wrangel Clarke, né le 27 avril 1899 à Johannesburg et mort le 7 mai 1974 dans le quartier de Pimlico à Londres, est un militaire britannique, connu comme un pionnier des opérations militaires de déception (désinformation militaire) au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Clarke a également contribué à la fondation de trois célèbres unités militaires : les Commandos britanniques, le Special Air Service et les United States Army Rangers. (fr)
- Dudley Wrangel Clarke (Johannesburg, 27 aprile 1899 – Londra, 7 maggio 1974) è stato un militare britannico, ufficiale del British Army e pioniere delle operazioni di inganno militare durante la seconda guerra mondiale.Individuo carismatico e teatrale, era in grado di "affascinare gli ufficiali più vecchi e fare anche bene il suo lavoro". Le sue idee per combinare ordini di battaglia fasulli, inganni visivi e agenti doppi aiutarono a configurare la strategia d'inganno degli Alleati durante il conflitto, per cui si parlò di lui come "del più grande ingannatore britannico della seconda guerra mondiale". Clarke fu anche importante nel processo di formazione di tre famose unità militari: i British Commandos, lo Special Air Service e gli United States Army Rangers. Nato a Johannesburg e cresciuto vicino a Londra, Clarke entrò nella Royal Artillery e divenne ufficiale nel 1916, ma si trasferì al Royal Flying Corps quando scoprì che era troppo giovane per essere inviato a combattere in Francia; tornato alla Royal Artillery nel 1919, ebbe una carriera varia, svolgendo lavoro di intelligence nel Medio Oriente e partecipando alla repressione della "Grande rivolta araba" in Palestina nel 1936. Allo scoppio della seconda guerra mondiale propose e contribuì a mettere in atto le prime strategie per la conduzione di raid di forze speciali nei territori europei occupati dai tedeschi, poi sfociate nelle grandi incursioni dei Commandos britannici. Nel 1940 Archibald Wavell chiamò Clarke al Cairo e lo mise a capo delle operazioni d'inganno strategico. Come copertura a questa attività, fu anche incaricato di stabilire in Egitto un nucleo locale del dipartimento MI9 del servizio segreto britannico, dipartimento che aveva il compito di occuparsi delle missioni di fuga ed evasione. L'anno successivo, Clarke, ottenuto il comando di un piccolo staff, organizzò l'“Advanced Headquarters 'A' Force”, quartier generale avanzato della 'A' Force, una nuova unità interamente dedicata alle operazioni diversive. Una volta organizzata la struttura dell'MI9 in Egitto, Clarke cercò di stabilire contatti in Turchia e in Spagna che potessero tornargli utili sia per le azioni d'inganno della 'A' Force sia per le operazioni di fuga ed evasione dell'MI9. Clarke concepì e portò avanti diverse operazioni d'inganno strategico, molte anche di notevole successo, confondendo i piani dell'Asse nel settore del Mediterraneo e mascherando le vere intenzioni degli Alleati, guadagnandosi così l'attenzione e gli elogi dell'alto comando britannico. Ritiratosi dal servizio nel 1947, visse il resto della sua vita in relativa oscurità (le testimonianze delle sue operazioni in tempo di guerra furono tenute segrete fino agli anni settanta). Morì a Londra nel 1974. (it)
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- Pencil portrait of a balding middle-aged man in military uniform, with two rows of medal ribbons. (en)
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- Dudley Wrangel Clarke (en)
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- Johannesburg, South Africa (en)
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- Dudley Clarke, by war artist Patrick Phillips (en)
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- The name SAS came mainly from the fact I was anxious to get the full co-operation of a very ingenious individual called Dudley Clark[e], who was responsible for running a deception operation in Cairo ... Clark[e] was quite an influential chap and promised to give me all the help he could if I would use the name of his bogus brigade of parachutists, which is the Special Air Service, the SAS (en)
- * Induce the enemy to do something, not just to think something.
* Never conduct a deception without any clear objective.
* Any proper deception plan must have time to work. (en)
- Now, I don't think I shall ever return [to Egypt], but in my heart of hearts I still wish it well, for I have found much happiness there. (en)
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- Dudley Clarke (en)
- — David Stirling, 1985 (en)
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- Clarke's Principles of Deception (en)
- Naming of the SAS (en)
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- Dudley Clarke (Johannesburgo, Sudáfrica; 27 de abril de 1899 - Londres, Reino Unido; 7 de mayo de 1974) fue un oficial en la armada británica. Es conocido por ser un pionero en sus tácticas de desinformación o «decepción militar» durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Sus ideas de: órdenes ficticias de Batalla, agentes dobles y decepción visual, ayudaron definitivamente a los aliados. (es)
- Dudley Wrangel Clarke, né le 27 avril 1899 à Johannesburg et mort le 7 mai 1974 dans le quartier de Pimlico à Londres, est un militaire britannique, connu comme un pionnier des opérations militaires de déception (désinformation militaire) au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Clarke a également contribué à la fondation de trois célèbres unités militaires : les Commandos britanniques, le Special Air Service et les United States Army Rangers. (fr)
- دادلي رانغل كلارك (بالإنجليزية: Dudley Clarke) (27 أبريل 1899 – 7 مايو 1974) كان ضابطاً في الجيش البريطاني، كما أنه مشهور كرائد في مجال عمليات الخداع العسكري خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، إذ ساعدت أفكاره التي جمعت بين الأوامر الوهمية في المعارك والخداع البصري والعملاء المزدوجين في رسم إستراتيجية الخداع خلال الحرب، لهذا السبب يشار إليه باسم «المخادع البريطاني الأعظم في الحرب العالمية الثانية»، كما ساهم كلارك بشكل كبير في تأسيس 3 فرق عسكرية شهيرة، وهي القوات الخاصة البريطانية (الكوماندوس) والقوة الجوية الخاصة وقوات الصاعقة البرية الأمريكية. (ar)
- Brigadier Dudley Wrangel Clarke, CB, CBE (27 April 1899 – 7 May 1974) was an officer in the British Army, known as a pioneer of military deception operations during the Second World War. His ideas for combining fictional orders of battle, visual deception and double agents helped define Allied deception strategy during the war, for which he has been referred to as "the greatest British deceiver of WW2". Clarke was also instrumental in the founding of three famous military units, namely the British Commandos, the Special Air Service and the US Rangers. (en)
- Dudley Wrangel Clarke (Johannesburg, 27 aprile 1899 – Londra, 7 maggio 1974) è stato un militare britannico, ufficiale del British Army e pioniere delle operazioni di inganno militare durante la seconda guerra mondiale.Individuo carismatico e teatrale, era in grado di "affascinare gli ufficiali più vecchi e fare anche bene il suo lavoro". Le sue idee per combinare ordini di battaglia fasulli, inganni visivi e agenti doppi aiutarono a configurare la strategia d'inganno degli Alleati durante il conflitto, per cui si parlò di lui come "del più grande ingannatore britannico della seconda guerra mondiale". Clarke fu anche importante nel processo di formazione di tre famose unità militari: i British Commandos, lo Special Air Service e gli United States Army Rangers. (it)
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- دادلي كلارك (ar)
- Dudley Clarke (en)
- Dudley Clarke (es)
- Dudley Clarke (fr)
- Dudley Clarke (it)
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