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The Cockpit-in-Court (also known as the Royal Cockpit) was an early theatre in London, located at the Palace of Whitehall, next to St. James's Park, now the site of 70 Whitehall, in Westminster. The structure was originally built by Henry VIII, after he had acquired Cardinal Wolsey's York Place to the north of the Palace of Westminster, following the Cardinal's downfall in 1529. It was one of a number of new pleasure buildings constructed for King Henry's entertainment, including a real tennis court, a bowling alley, and a tiltyard, and was used as an actual cockpit; that is, an area for staging cockfighting. Thus enlarged, the Palace of Whitehall became the main London residence of the Tudor and Stuart Kings of England, and the Palace of Westminster was relegated to ceremonial and adminis

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  • The Cockpit-in-Court (also known as the Royal Cockpit) was an early theatre in London, located at the Palace of Whitehall, next to St. James's Park, now the site of 70 Whitehall, in Westminster. The structure was originally built by Henry VIII, after he had acquired Cardinal Wolsey's York Place to the north of the Palace of Westminster, following the Cardinal's downfall in 1529. It was one of a number of new pleasure buildings constructed for King Henry's entertainment, including a real tennis court, a bowling alley, and a tiltyard, and was used as an actual cockpit; that is, an area for staging cockfighting. Thus enlarged, the Palace of Whitehall became the main London residence of the Tudor and Stuart Kings of England, and the Palace of Westminster was relegated to ceremonial and administrative purposes only. The Cockpit ceased to be used for cockfighting in Jacobean times, and was used instead as a private theatre and as chambers for members of the Royal Household. It was redesigned in 1629 for Charles I by Inigo Jones as a private venue for staging court masques. It was the second cockpit that Jones had redesigned as a theatre, the other being the Cockpit Theatre in Drury Lane, which was renovated after a fire in 1617. After the London theatre closure of the Interregnum, the Cockpit returned to use under Charles II, and was refitted in 1662. A new dressing room was added for female players, whose presence onstage was a recent theatrical innovation; its walls were decorated with green baize, one possible origin of the theatrical term "green room" for a dressing room. Samuel Pepys records attending several plays at the Cockpit in his diary. In 1680, it was occupied by the Duke of Albemarle in his official capacity as Master of the Great Wardrobe, and later by Ralph, 1st Duke of Montagu in the same capacity. Charles II gave the Cockpit to Princess Anne, daughter of Charles's brother James, Duke of York, in 1683. Anne and her closest friend, Sarah, Lady Churchill were imprisoned here during the Glorious Revolution; both their husbands, Prince George of Denmark and John, Baron Churchill switched their allegiances from James II to William of Orange. Sarah and Anne escaped to Nottingham shortly afterwards. The Palace of Whitehall was almost completely destroyed by fire in 1698. One prominent structure to survive was the Banqueting House, also designed by Inigo in 1619; another, lesser, structure to survive, was the Cockpit. After the fire, William III moved his London residence to nearby St James's Palace, and the site was rebuilt to be used as government offices, and residential and commercial premises. The Cockpit was used to house government officials. It was first occupied by HM Treasury, whose offices elsewhere in the palace had been destroyed, until the Treasury moved to a new building on Horse Guards Road in 1734. When Anne became queen after the death of William in 1702, she gave the residence to her loyal friends John and Sarah, now Duke and Duchess of Marlborough. They vacated the residence during Anne's reign and it became the Treasury. After the Treasury moved, it was used in the late 18th century by the Foreign Office, after that government office had been founded at Cleveland Row, St James's but before it moved to Downing Street. Next, it was used by the Privy Council as a council chamber, for judicial purposes. It continued to be used by the Privy Council after a new chamber was built for them in 1827. The current building on the site, at 70 Whitehall, is used by the Cabinet Office. The reconstructed Cockpit Passage in 70 Whitehall runs along the edge of the old tennis courts and into Kent's Treasury, built on the site of the original cockpit lodgings. The minstrel's gallery on the ground floor is currently decorated with pictures of fighting cocks and a model of the old Whitehall palace. It should not be confused with Cockpit Steps nearby in St James Park, which lead up from Birdcage Walk past the site of a royal cockpit in Old Queen Street. (en)
  • Cockpit-in-Court (connu aussi sous le nom de Royal Cokpit) était l'un des premiers théâtres de Londres. Il était construit derrière le palais de Whitehall, près de St James's Park, maintenant situé au numéro 70 à Whitehall dans le quartier de Westminster. L'édifice fut commandé par Henri VIII au nord du palais de Westminster, après que ce dernier eut acquis York Place, devenu le palais de Whitehall, après la disgrâce de son propriétaire, Thomas Wolsey en 1529. Il faisait partie d'un certain nombre de bâtiments construits pour le divertissement du roi et comprenait un terrain de jeu de paume, une aire de jeu de quille et une carrière et a été utilisé comme cabine (d'où le nom de Cockpit), à savoir une aire où se déroulaient des combats de coqs. Ainsi agrandi, le palais de Whitehall devient la résidence principale des rois Tudor et Stuart. Le palais de Westminster fut utilisé uniquement en tant que bâtiment administratif et pour les cérémonies. Les combats de coqs cessèrent sous les Tudors et le bâtiment servit de théâtre privé avec des chambres destinées aux membres de la famille royale. En 1629, sous Charles Ier, le théâtre est remanié par Inigo Jones pour pouvoir y jouer des masques. C'était la deuxième "cabine" que Jones reconvertissait en théâtre, l'autre étant Cockpit Theatre à Drury Lane, qui fut rénové après un incendie en 1617. Après l'Interregnum, Cockpit servit à Charles II. Un nouveau vestiaire fut construit pour les actrices, leur présence était une innovation théâtrale récente. Ses murs étaient décorés de serge verte (d'où l'origine du terme théâtral "Green room" pour désigner les vestiaires). Samuel Pepys note dans son journal que de nombreuses pièces y étaient jouées. En 1680, les locaux sont occupés par le duc d'Albemarle en tant que , puis par , qui remplissait la même charge. En 1683, Charles II donne Cockpit à sa nièce, Anne, fille de son frère, Jacques. Avec son amie la plus proche, Sarah Churchill, elles y furent emprisonnées durant la Glorieuse Révolution. Avec leurs maris, Georges de Danemark et John Churchill, elles soutiennent Guillaume III d'Angleterre en dépit de leur allégeance à Jacques II. Peu après, elles s'échappent de Cockpit pour trouver refuge à Nottingham. Le Palais de Whitehall est presque complètement détruit par les flammes en 1698. Seule la Maison des banquets, dessinée par Inigo en 1619, et Cockpit échappèrent aux flammes. Après l'accident, Guillaume III déplace sa résidence au palais St. James tout proche. Des bâtiments sont reconstruits sur le site de l'incendie pour abriter des bureaux gouvernementaux et des locaux résidentiels et commerciaux . Cockpit est utilisé pour abriter des fonctionnaires. Il est d'abord occupé par HM Treasury, dont les bureaux au palais avaient été détruits dans l'incendie. En 1734, HM déménagera dans un nouveau bâtiment à Horse Guards Road. Cockpit est ensuite utilisé jusqu'à la fin du 18e par le Bureau des Affaires étrangères et du Commonwealth, après que ce dernier a été fondé à Cleveland Row (il partira plus tard à Downing Street). Plus tard, Cockpit sert au Conseil privé comme salle de conseil, dans un but juridique. Même après la construction d'une nouvelle chambre en 1827, le conseil privé continue de se servir de Cockpit. L'actuel bâtiment, au 70 Whitehall, est utilisé par le Cabinet Office. Le bâtiment reconstruit, "Cockpit passage", se situe le long des anciens courts de tennis et de la trésorerie Kent et se trouve sur l'emplacement de l'ancien bâtiment. La galerie du ménestrel, au rez-de-chaussée, est décorée avec des coqs se battant et une représentation du vieux palais de Whitehall. Cokpit-in-Court ne doit pas être confondu avec "Cockpit Steps" près de St James Park. (fr)
  • Il Cockpit-in-Court (detto anche Royal Cockpit) fu un teatro di Londra, posto nei pressi del Palazzo di Whitehall, vicino al St. James's Park, oggi al n.70 di Whitehall, a Westminster. La struttura originale venne costruita sotto il regno di Enrico VIII d'Inghilterra dopo che questi ebbe acquistò York Palace dal cardinale Thomas Wolsey a nord del Palazzo di Westminster, dopo la caduta in disgrazia dello stesso cardinale nel 1529. Esso faceva parte di una serie di strutture per il divertimento costruite da re Enrico per sé stesso e venne realizzato assieme ad un campo da tennis, un gioco delle bocce e una carriére; l'area su cui insisteva il teatro veniva utilizzata per la lotta dei galli, un gioco molto popolare all'epoca, da cui appunto il nome. Con l'allargamento del palazzo di Whitehall, questo divenne la principale residenzadei Tudor e degli Stuart come re d'Inghilterra, mentre il palazzo di Westminster venne relegato ad un ruolo meramente cerimoniale ed amministrativo. piano di Inigo Jones per il Cockpit-in-Court Il Cockpit cessò di essere utilizzato per la lotta dei galli in epoca giacobinea e venne utilizzato al contrario come teatro privato per i membri della corte reale. La struttura venne ridisegnata nel 1629 per Carlo I da Inigo Jones in forma di teatro, dopo aver già realizzato il a Drury Lane che venne restaurato completamente dopo che un incendio lo distrusse nel 1617. Dopo la chiusura del teatro di Londra durante l'interregno inglese, il Cockpit tornò in uso sotto Carlo II e venne restaurato nel 1662. Vennero aggiunti alla struttura nuovi camerini per la presenza sul palco ora anche delle donne; lo spazio venne decorato alle pareti con panno verde, probabilmente all'origine del moderno sinonimo di "green room" per indicare un camerino o area ristoro a teatro. Samuel Pepys riportò nel suo diario di aver preso parte a diverse rappresentazioni in loco. Una mappa retrospettiva del palazzo di Whitehall come si presentava nel 1680, di Fisher. Il Cockpit è la struttura ottagonale costruita in alto a sinistra. Nel 1680, il teatro venne occupato dal duca di Albemarle nelle sue capacità di Master of the Great Wardrobe, e poi da Ralph Montagu, I duca di Montagu, che gli succedette. Carlo II assegnò il Cockpit alla principessa Anna, figlia di suo fratello Giacomo, duca di York nel 1683. Anne e la sua migliore amica, Sarah, lady Churchill, vennero qui imprigionate durante la Gloriosa Rivoluzione; entrambi i loro mariti, il principe Giorgio di Danimarca e John Churchill cambiarono la loro alleanza passando da Giacomo II a Guglielmo d'Orange. Sarah ed Anna fuggirono a Nottingham poco dopo. Il palazzo di Whitehall venne quasi completamente distrutto da un rovinoso incendio nel 1698. Oltre alla Banqueting House, l'altra struttura di pregio a sopravvivere del complesso fu il Cockpit. Dopo l'incendio, Guglielmo III trasferì la propria residenza londinese al St James's Palace, ed il sito venne ricostruito per essere utilizzato come uffici di governo e con propositi residenziali e commerciali. Esso ospitò la tesoreria reale i cui uffici collocati altrove erano andati distrutti, rimanendovi sino al 1734 quando venne trasferita in . Nel corso del XVIII secolo, lo stabile venne utilizzato dal ministero degli esteri inglese, sino a nuovo trasferimento dapprima a Cleveland Row e poi a Downing Street. La struttura venne quindi utilizzata dal Privy Council come camera di consiglio, con propositi giudiziari. Continuò ad essere utilizzata dal Privy Council sino alla costruzione di una nuova sede nel 1827. L'attuale struttura presente sul sito, al n. 70 di Whitehall, è utilizzata dal . La ricostruzione si è estesa però inglobando altre strutture rispetto a quella originaria. Non deve essere confuso con Cockpit Steps nei pressi di St James Park. (it)
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  • The Cockpit-in-Court (also known as the Royal Cockpit) was an early theatre in London, located at the Palace of Whitehall, next to St. James's Park, now the site of 70 Whitehall, in Westminster. The structure was originally built by Henry VIII, after he had acquired Cardinal Wolsey's York Place to the north of the Palace of Westminster, following the Cardinal's downfall in 1529. It was one of a number of new pleasure buildings constructed for King Henry's entertainment, including a real tennis court, a bowling alley, and a tiltyard, and was used as an actual cockpit; that is, an area for staging cockfighting. Thus enlarged, the Palace of Whitehall became the main London residence of the Tudor and Stuart Kings of England, and the Palace of Westminster was relegated to ceremonial and adminis (en)
  • Cockpit-in-Court (connu aussi sous le nom de Royal Cokpit) était l'un des premiers théâtres de Londres. Il était construit derrière le palais de Whitehall, près de St James's Park, maintenant situé au numéro 70 à Whitehall dans le quartier de Westminster. En 1680, les locaux sont occupés par le duc d'Albemarle en tant que , puis par , qui remplissait la même charge. Cokpit-in-Court ne doit pas être confondu avec "Cockpit Steps" près de St James Park. (fr)
  • Il Cockpit-in-Court (detto anche Royal Cockpit) fu un teatro di Londra, posto nei pressi del Palazzo di Whitehall, vicino al St. James's Park, oggi al n.70 di Whitehall, a Westminster. La struttura originale venne costruita sotto il regno di Enrico VIII d'Inghilterra dopo che questi ebbe acquistò York Palace dal cardinale Thomas Wolsey a nord del Palazzo di Westminster, dopo la caduta in disgrazia dello stesso cardinale nel 1529. Esso faceva parte di una serie di strutture per il divertimento costruite da re Enrico per sé stesso e venne realizzato assieme ad un campo da tennis, un gioco delle bocce e una carriére; l'area su cui insisteva il teatro veniva utilizzata per la lotta dei galli, un gioco molto popolare all'epoca, da cui appunto il nome. Con l'allargamento del palazzo di Whitehall (it)
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  • Cockpit-in-Court (en)
  • Cockpit-in-Court (fr)
  • Cockpit-in-Court (it)
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