Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) MIB
RFC 4624
| Document | Type | RFC - Experimental (October 2006) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Authors | Bill Fenner , Dave Thaler | ||
| Last updated | 2015-10-14 | ||
| RFC stream | Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | ||
| Formats | |||
| Additional resources | Mailing list discussion | ||
| IESG | Responsible AD | Dan Romascanu | |
| Send notices to | (None) |
RFC 4624
Network Working Group B. Fenner
Request for Comments: 4624 AT&T Research
Category: Experimental D. Thaler
Microsoft
October 2006
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) MIB
Status of This Memo
This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
This memo defines an experimental portion of the Management
Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in
the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects
used for managing Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) (RFC
3618) speakers.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. The Internet-Standard Management Framework ......................2
3. Overview ........................................................2
4. Definitions .....................................................3
5. Security Considerations ........................................28
6. IANA Considerations ............................................29
7. Acknowledgements ...............................................30
8. References .....................................................30
8.1. Normative References ......................................30
8.2. Informative References ....................................30
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
1. Introduction
This memo defines an experimental portion of the Management
Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in
the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects
used for managing Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) [1]
speakers.
2. The Internet-Standard Management Framework
For a detailed overview of the documents that describe the current
Internet-Standard Management Framework, please refer to section 7 of
RFC 3410 [7].
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
the Management Information Base or MIB. MIB objects are generally
accessed through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the
Structure of Management Information (SMI). This memo specifies a MIB
module that is compliant to the SMIv2, which is described in STD 58,
RFC 2578 [4], STD 58, RFC 2579 [5] and STD 58, RFC 2580 [6].
3. Overview
This MIB module contains four scalars and four tables, one
deprecated. The tables are:
o The deprecated Requests Table, containing the longest-match table
used to determine the peer to send SA-Requests to for a given
group. This table is deprecated because Requests were removed
from MSDP before it became an RFC.
o The Peer Table, containing information on the system's peers.
o The Source-Active (SA) Cache Table, containing the SA cache
entries.
o The Mesh Group Table, containing the list of MSDP mesh groups to
which this system belongs.
This MIB module uses the IpAddress SYNTAX, making it only suitable
for IPv4 systems. Although the desired direction for MIBs is to use
InetAddressType/InetAddress pairs to allow both IPv4 and IPv6 (and
future formats as well), the MSDP protocol itself is IPv4-only, and
the MSDP working group made an explicit decision not to create an
IPv6 version of the protocol.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
This MIB module is somewhat disorganized, with scalars before and
after tables, holes in the OID space, tables with the RowStatus in
the middle, and so on. This is because objects were added and
removed as necessary as the MSDP protocol evolved, and the plan was
to renumber the whole MIB when moving to the standard mib-2 tree.
The MSDP Working Group then changed direction, publishing the MSDP
protocol as Experimental. Since there were existing implementations
using the strange object order under the experimental OID, the WG
decided not to renumber the MIB and to publish it as experimental,
keeping the experimental OID.
4. Definitions
--
--
MSDP-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, NOTIFICATION-TYPE,
experimental, Counter32, Gauge32, TimeTicks, Integer32,
IpAddress
FROM SNMPv2-SMI
RowStatus, TruthValue, TimeStamp, DisplayString
FROM SNMPv2-TC
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP, NOTIFICATION-GROUP
FROM SNMPv2-CONF;
msdpMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "200608010000Z"
ORGANIZATION "IETF MBONED Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO
"Bill Fenner
75 Willow Road
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Phone: +1 650 867 6073
E-mail: fenner@research.att.com
Dave Thaler
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: +1 425 703 8835
Email: dthaler@microsoft.com
MBONED Working Group: mboned@lists.uoregon.edu"
DESCRIPTION
"An experimental MIB module for MSDP Management and
Monitoring.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
Copyright (C) The Internet Society 2006. This version of
this MIB module is part of RFC 4624; see the RFC itself
for full legal notices."
REVISION "200608010000Z"
DESCRIPTION
"Initial version, published as RFC 4624."
::= { experimental 92 }
msdpMIBobjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { msdpMIB 1 }
msdp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { msdpMIBobjects 1 }
msdpEnabled OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The state of MSDP on this MSDP speaker - globally enabled
or disabled.
Changes to this object should be stored to non-volatile
memory."
::= { msdp 1 }
msdpCacheLifetime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The lifetime given to SA cache entries when created or
refreshed. This is the [SG-State-Period] in the MSDP
spec. A value of 0 means no SA caching is done by this
MSDP speaker.
Changes to this object should be stored to non-volatile
memory.
This object does not measure time per se; instead, it
is the delta from the time at which an SA message is
received at which it should be expired if not refreshed.
(i.e., it is the value of msdpSACacheExpiryTime
immediately after receiving an SA message applying to
that row.) As such, TimeInterval would be a more
appropriate SYNTAX; it remains TimeTicks for backwards
compatibility."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 5.3"
::= { msdp 2 }
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
msdpNumSACacheEntries OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of entries in the SA Cache table."
::= { msdp 3 }
--
-- The spec doesn't define SA-Hold-Down-Period any more.
-- msdpSAHoldDownPeriod OBJECT-TYPE
-- ::= { msdp 9 }
-- This object was introduced in error, with a similar definition
-- to msdpCacheLifetime.
-- msdpSAStatePeriod OBJECT-TYPE
-- ::= { msdp 10 }
msdpRPAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The Rendezvous Point (RP) address used when sourcing
MSDP SA messages. May be 0.0.0.0 on non-RPs.
Changes to this object should be stored to non-volatile
memory."
::= { msdp 11 }
--
-- The MSDP Requests table
-- SA Requests were removed from the MSDP spec, so this entire table
-- is deprecated.
msdpRequestsTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MsdpRequestsEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The (conceptual) table listing group ranges and MSDP peers
used when deciding where to send an SA Request message, when
required. If SA Requests are not enabled, this table may be
empty.
In order to choose a peer to whom to send an SA Request for
a given group, G, the subset of entries in this table whose
(msdpRequestsPeerType, msdpRequestsPeer) tuple represents a
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
peer whose msdpPeerState is established are examined. The
set is further reduced by examining only those entries for
which msdpPeerRequestsGroupAddressType equals the address
type of G. The entries with the highest value of
msdpRequestsGroupPrefix are considered, where the group G
falls within the range described by the combination of
msdpRequestsGroup and msdpRequestsGroupPrefix. (This
sequence is commonly known as a 'longest-match' lookup.)
Finally, if multiple entries remain, the entry with the
lowest value of msdpRequestsPriority is chosen. The SA
Request message is sent to the peer described by this row."
::= { msdp 4 }
msdpRequestsEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MsdpRequestsEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"An entry (conceptual row) representing a group range
used when deciding where to send an SA Request
message."
INDEX { msdpRequestsGroupAddress, msdpRequestsGroupMask }
::= { msdpRequestsTable 1 }
MsdpRequestsEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
msdpRequestsGroupAddress IpAddress,
msdpRequestsGroupMask IpAddress,
msdpRequestsPeer IpAddress,
msdpRequestsStatus RowStatus
}
msdpRequestsGroupAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The group address that, when combined with the mask
in this entry, represents the group range to which
this row applies."
::= { msdpRequestsEntry 1 }
msdpRequestsGroupMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The mask that, when combined with the group address
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
in this entry, represents the group range to which
this row applies."
::= { msdpRequestsEntry 2 }
msdpRequestsPeer OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The peer to which MSDP SA Requests for groups matching
this entry's group range will be sent. This object,
combined with msdpRequestsPeerType, must match the INDEX
of a row in the msdpPeerTable, and to be considered,
this peer's msdpPeerState must be established."
::= { msdpRequestsEntry 3 }
msdpRequestsStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The status of this row, by which new rows may be added
to the table or old rows may be deleted."
::= { msdpRequestsEntry 4 }
--
-- The MSDP Peer table
--
msdpPeerTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MsdpPeerEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The (conceptual) table listing the MSDP speaker's peers."
::= { msdp 5 }
msdpPeerEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MsdpPeerEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry (conceptual row) representing an MSDP peer.
If row creation is supported, dynamically added rows are
added to the system's stable configuration (corresponding
to a StorageType value of nonVolatile). "
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
INDEX { msdpPeerRemoteAddress }
::= { msdpPeerTable 1 }
MsdpPeerEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
msdpPeerRemoteAddress IpAddress,
msdpPeerState INTEGER,
msdpPeerRPFFailures Counter32,
msdpPeerInSAs Counter32,
msdpPeerOutSAs Counter32,
msdpPeerInSARequests Counter32,
msdpPeerOutSARequests Counter32,
msdpPeerInSAResponses Counter32,
msdpPeerOutSAResponses Counter32,
msdpPeerInControlMessages Counter32,
msdpPeerOutControlMessages Counter32,
msdpPeerInDataPackets Counter32,
msdpPeerOutDataPackets Counter32,
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTransitions Counter32,
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTime TimeStamp,
msdpPeerInMessageTime TimeStamp,
msdpPeerLocalAddress IpAddress,
msdpPeerConnectRetryInterval Integer32,
msdpPeerHoldTimeConfigured Integer32,
msdpPeerKeepAliveConfigured Integer32,
msdpPeerDataTtl Integer32,
msdpPeerProcessRequestsFrom TruthValue,
msdpPeerStatus RowStatus,
msdpPeerRemotePort Integer32,
msdpPeerLocalPort Integer32,
msdpPeerEncapsulationType INTEGER,
msdpPeerConnectionAttempts Counter32,
msdpPeerInNotifications Counter32,
msdpPeerOutNotifications Counter32,
msdpPeerLastError OCTET STRING,
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime TimeStamp
}
msdpPeerRemoteAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The address of the remote MSDP peer."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 1 }
-- dunno what happened to 2.
msdpPeerState OBJECT-TYPE
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
SYNTAX INTEGER {
inactive(1),
listen(2),
connecting(3),
established(4),
disabled(5)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The state of the MSDP TCP connection with this peer."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 3 }
msdpPeerRPFFailures OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of SA messages received from this peer that
failed the Peer-RPF check.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 4 }
msdpPeerInSAs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA messages received on this
connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 5 }
msdpPeerOutSAs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA messages transmitted on this
connection.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 6 }
msdpPeerInSARequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA-Request messages received on this
connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 7 }
msdpPeerOutSARequests OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA-Request messages transmitted on
this connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 8 }
msdpPeerInSAResponses OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA-Response messages received on this
connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 9 }
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
msdpPeerOutSAResponses OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA Response messages transmitted on
this TCP connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 10 }
msdpPeerInControlMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of MSDP messages, excluding encapsulated
data packets, received on this TCP connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 11 }
msdpPeerOutControlMessages OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of MSDP messages, excluding encapsulated
data packets, transmitted on this TCP connection.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 12 }
msdpPeerInDataPackets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of encapsulated data packets received
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
from this peer.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 13 }
msdpPeerOutDataPackets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of encapsulated data packets sent to
this peer.
Discontinuities in the value of this counter can occur at
re-initialization of the management system, and at other
times as indicated by the value of
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 14 }
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTransitions OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of times the MSDP FSM transitioned into
the ESTABLISHED state."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 11"
::= { msdpPeerEntry 15 }
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This timestamp is set to the value of sysUpTime when a
peer transitions into or out of the ESTABLISHED state.
It is set to zero when the MSDP speaker is booted."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 11"
::= { msdpPeerEntry 16 }
msdpPeerInMessageTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
"The sysUpTime value when the last MSDP message was
received from the peer. It is set to zero when the MSDP
speaker is booted."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 17 }
msdpPeerLocalAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The local IP address used for this entry's MSDP TCP
connection."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 18 }
-- msdpPeerSAAdvPeriod ([SA-Advertisement-Timer]) has been removed.
-- ::= { msdpPeerEntry 19 }
-- RFC 3618, Section 5.1, says it MUST be 60 seconds.
msdpPeerConnectRetryInterval OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..65535)
UNITS "seconds"
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time interval, in seconds, for the [ConnectRetry-period]
for this peer."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 5.6"
DEFVAL { 30 }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 20 }
msdpPeerHoldTimeConfigured OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0|3..65535)
UNITS "seconds"
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time interval, in seconds, for the [HoldTime-Period]
configured for this MSDP speaker with this peer. If the
value of this object is zero (0), the MSDP connection is
never torn down due to the absence of messages from the
peer."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 5.4"
DEFVAL { 75 }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 21 }
msdpPeerKeepAliveConfigured OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0|1..21845)
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
UNITS "seconds"
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time interval, in seconds, for the [KeepAlive-Period]
configured for this MSDP speaker with this peer. If the
value of this object is zero (0), no periodic KEEPALIVE
messages are sent to the peer after the MSDP connection
has been established."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 5.5"
DEFVAL { 60 }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 22 }
msdpPeerDataTtl OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The minimum TTL a packet is required to have before it
may be forwarded using SA encapsulation to this peer."
DEFVAL { 1 }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 23 }
msdpPeerProcessRequestsFrom OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"This object indicates whether to process MSDP SA
Request messages from this peer. If True(1), MSDP SA
Request messages from this peer are processed and replied
to (if appropriate) with SA Response messages. If
False(2), MSDP SA Request messages from this peer are
silently ignored. It defaults to False when
msdpCacheLifetime is 0 and to True when msdpCacheLifetime
is non-0.
This object is deprecated because MSDP SA Requests were
removed from the MSDP specification."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 24 }
msdpPeerStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The RowStatus object by which peers can be added and
deleted. A transition to 'active' will cause the MSDP
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'Enable MSDP peering with P' Event to be generated. A
transition out of the 'active' state will cause the MSDP
'Disable MSDP peering with P' Event to be generated.
Care should be used in providing write access to this
object without adequate authentication.
msdpPeerRemoteAddress is the only variable that must be
set to a valid value before the row can be activated.
Since this is the table's INDEX, a row can be activated
by simply setting the msdpPeerStatus variable.
It is possible to modify other columns in the same
conceptual row when the status value is active(1)."
REFERENCE "RFC 3618 section 11.1"
::= { msdpPeerEntry 25 }
msdpPeerRemotePort OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..65535)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The remote port for the TCP connection between the MSDP
peers."
DEFVAL { 639 }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 26 }
msdpPeerLocalPort OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..65535)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The local port for the TCP connection between the MSDP
peers."
DEFVAL { 639 }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 27 }
-- msdpPeerEncapsulationState has been removed
-- because there is no longer an encapsulation
-- state machine.
-- ::= { msdpPeerEntry 28 }
msdpPeerEncapsulationType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
none(0),
tcp(1)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
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DESCRIPTION
"The encapsulation in use when encapsulating data in SA
messages to this peer."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 29 }
msdpPeerConnectionAttempts OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of times the state machine has transitioned
from INACTIVE to CONNECTING."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 30 }
msdpPeerInNotifications OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP Notification messages received from
this peer.
This object is deprecated because MSDP Notifications have
been removed from the spec."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 31 }
msdpPeerOutNotifications OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP Notification messages transmitted to
this peer.
This object is deprecated because MSDP Notifications have
been removed from the spec."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 32 }
msdpPeerLastError OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (2))
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The last error code and subcode received via Notification
from this peer. If no error has occurred, this field is
zero. Otherwise, the first byte of this two-byte OCTET
STRING contains the O-bit and error code, and the second
byte contains the subcode.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
This object is deprecated because MSDP Notifications have
been removed from the spec."
DEFVAL { '0000'h }
::= { msdpPeerEntry 33 }
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime on the most recent occasion at
which one or more of this entry's counters suffered a
discontinuity. See the DESCRIPTION of each object to see
if it is expected to have discontinuities. These
discontinuities may occur at peer connection
establishment.
If no such discontinuities have occurred since the last
reinitialization of the local management subsystem, then
this object contains a zero value."
::= { msdpPeerEntry 34 }
--
-- The MSDP Source-Active Cache table
--
msdpSACacheTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MsdpSACacheEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The (conceptual) table listing the MSDP SA advertisements
currently in the MSDP speaker's cache."
::= { msdp 6 }
msdpSACacheEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX MsdpSACacheEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry (conceptual row) representing an MSDP SA
advertisement. The INDEX to this table includes
msdpSACacheOriginRP for diagnosing incorrect MSDP
advertisements; normally, a Group and Source pair would
be unique.
Row creation is not permitted; msdpSACacheStatus may only
be used to delete rows from this table."
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
INDEX { msdpSACacheGroupAddr, msdpSACacheSourceAddr,
msdpSACacheOriginRP }
::= { msdpSACacheTable 1 }
MsdpSACacheEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
msdpSACacheGroupAddr IpAddress,
msdpSACacheSourceAddr IpAddress,
msdpSACacheOriginRP IpAddress,
msdpSACachePeerLearnedFrom IpAddress,
msdpSACacheRPFPeer IpAddress,
msdpSACacheInSAs Counter32,
msdpSACacheInDataPackets Counter32,
msdpSACacheUpTime TimeTicks,
msdpSACacheExpiryTime TimeTicks,
msdpSACacheStatus RowStatus
}
msdpSACacheGroupAddr OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The group address of the SA Cache entry."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 1 }
msdpSACacheSourceAddr OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The source address of the SA Cache entry."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 2 }
msdpSACacheOriginRP OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The RP of the SA Cache entry. This field is in the INDEX
in order to catch multiple RP's advertising the same
source and group."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 3 }
msdpSACachePeerLearnedFrom OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
"The peer from which this SA Cache entry was last
accepted. This address must correspond to the
msdpPeerRemoteAddress value for a row in the MSDP Peer
Table. This should be 0.0.0.0 on the router that
originated the entry."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 4 }
msdpSACacheRPFPeer OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The peer from which an SA message corresponding to this
cache entry would be accepted (i.e., the RPF peer for
msdpSACacheOriginRP). This may be different than
msdpSACachePeerLearnedFrom if this entry was created by
an MSDP SA-Response. This address must correspond to
the msdpPeerRemoteAddress value for a row in the MSDP
Peer Table, or it may be 0.0.0.0 if no RPF peer exists."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 5 }
msdpSACacheInSAs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP SA messages received relevant to this
cache entry. This object must be initialized to zero
when creating a cache entry."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 6 }
msdpSACacheInDataPackets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of MSDP-encapsulated data packets received
relevant to this cache entry. This object must be
initialized to zero when creating a cache entry."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 7 }
msdpSACacheUpTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time since this entry was first placed in the SA
cache.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
The first epoch is the time that the entry was first
placed in the SA cache, and the second epoch is the
current time."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 8 }
msdpSACacheExpiryTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time remaining before this entry will expire from
the SA cache.
The first epoch is now, and the second epoch is the time
that the entry will expire."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 9 }
msdpSACacheStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus { active(1), destroy(6) }
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The status of this row in the table. The only allowable
actions are to retrieve the status, which will be
'active', or to set the status to 'destroy' in order to
remove this entry from the cache.
Row creation is not permitted.
No columnar objects are writable, so there are none that
may be changed while the status value is active(1)."
::= { msdpSACacheEntry 10 }
--
-- MSDP Mesh Group Membership table
--
msdpMeshGroupTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF MsdpMeshGroupEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The (conceptual) table listing MSDP Mesh Group
configuration."
::= { msdp 12 }
msdpMeshGroupEntry OBJECT-TYPE
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
SYNTAX MsdpMeshGroupEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry (conceptual row) representing a peer in an MSDP
Mesh Group.
If row creation is supported, dynamically added rows are
added to the system's stable configuration
(corresponding to a StorageType value of nonVolatile)."
INDEX { msdpMeshGroupName, msdpMeshGroupPeerAddress }
::= { msdpMeshGroupTable 1 }
MsdpMeshGroupEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
msdpMeshGroupName DisplayString,
msdpMeshGroupPeerAddress IpAddress,
msdpMeshGroupStatus RowStatus
}
msdpMeshGroupName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString (SIZE(1..64))
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The name of the mesh group."
::= { msdpMeshGroupEntry 1 }
msdpMeshGroupPeerAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A peer address that is a member of the mesh group with
name msdpMeshGroupName. The msdpMeshGroupPeerAddress
must match a row in the msdpPeerTable."
::= { msdpMeshGroupEntry 2 }
msdpMeshGroupStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This entry's status, by which new entries may be added
to the table and old entries deleted.
msdpMeshGroupName and msdpMeshGroupPeerAddress must be
set to valid values before the row can be activated.
Since these are the table's INDEX, a row can be activated
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
by simply setting the msdpMeshGroupStatus variable.
It is not possible to modify other columns in the same
conceptual row when the status value is active(1),
because the only other objects in the row are part of the
INDEX. Changing one of these changes the row, so an old
row must be deleted and a new one created."
::= { msdpMeshGroupEntry 3 }
-- Traps
msdpTraps OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { msdp 0 }
msdpEstablished NOTIFICATION-TYPE
OBJECTS { msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTransitions }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The MSDP Established event is generated when the MSDP FSM
enters the ESTABLISHED state."
::= { msdpTraps 1 }
msdpBackwardTransition NOTIFICATION-TYPE
OBJECTS { msdpPeerState }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The MSDPBackwardTransition Event is generated when the
MSDP FSM moves from a higher-numbered state to a
lower-numbered state."
::= { msdpTraps 2 }
-- conformance information
msdpMIBConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { msdp 8 }
msdpMIBCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { msdpMIBConformance 1 }
msdpMIBGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { msdpMIBConformance 2 }
-- compliance statements
msdpMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for entities that implement a pre-
RFC version of MSDP. This statement is deprecated because
it includes objects used for managing/monitoring aspects of
MSDP that were removed before it was published as an RFC."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { msdpMIBGlobalsGroup, msdpMIBPeerGroup,
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
msdpMIBNotificationGroup }
GROUP msdpMIBEncapsulationGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if MSDP encapsulation interfaces are
not given their own interface index numbers."
GROUP msdpMIBSACacheGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker has the ability
to cache SA messages."
GROUP msdpMIBRequestsGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker has the ability
to send SA-Request messages and to parse SA-Response
messages."
GROUP msdpMIBRPGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker sources (as
opposed to forwards) MSDP messages."
GROUP msdpMIBMeshGroupGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker can participate
in MSDP Mesh Groups."
::= { msdpMIBCompliances 1 }
msdpMIBFullCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for entities that implement MSDP
(RFC3618)."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { msdpMIBGlobalsGroup, msdpMIBPeerGroup2,
msdpMIBSACacheGroup, msdpMIBEncapsulationGroup }
GROUP msdpMIBRPGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker sources (as
opposed to forwards) MSDP messages."
GROUP msdpMIBMeshGroupGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker can participate
in MSDP Mesh Groups."
::= { msdpMIBCompliances 2 }
msdpMIBReadOnlyCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for entities that implement MSDP
(RFC3618), but do not permit configuration (or only permit
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
partial configuration) via SNMP."
MODULE -- this module
MANDATORY-GROUPS { msdpMIBGlobalsGroup, msdpMIBPeerGroup2,
msdpMIBSACacheGroup, msdpMIBEncapsulationGroup }
GROUP msdpMIBRPGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker sources (as
opposed to forwards) MSDP messages."
GROUP msdpMIBMeshGroupGroup
DESCRIPTION
"This group is mandatory if the MSDP speaker can participate
in MSDP Mesh Groups."
OBJECT msdpEnabled
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpCacheLifetime
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerLocalAddress
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerConnectRetryInterval
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerHoldTimeConfigured
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerKeepAliveConfigured
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerDataTtl
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerStatus
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpPeerEncapsulationType
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
OBJECT msdpSACacheStatus
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpRPAddress
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
OBJECT msdpMeshGroupStatus
MIN-ACCESS read-only
DESCRIPTION
"Write access is not required."
::= { msdpMIBCompliances 3 }
-- units of conformance
msdpMIBGlobalsGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpEnabled }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing information on global MSDP
state."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 1 }
msdpMIBPeerGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpPeerRPFFailures,
msdpPeerState, msdpPeerInSAs, msdpPeerOutSAs,
msdpPeerInSARequests, msdpPeerOutSARequests,
msdpPeerInSAResponses, msdpPeerOutSAResponses,
msdpPeerInNotifications, msdpPeerOutNotifications,
msdpPeerInControlMessages, msdpPeerOutControlMessages,
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTransitions,
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTime,
msdpPeerLocalAddress,
msdpPeerRemotePort, msdpPeerLocalPort,
msdpPeerConnectRetryInterval,
msdpPeerHoldTimeConfigured,
msdpPeerKeepAliveConfigured,
msdpPeerInMessageTime,
msdpPeerProcessRequestsFrom,
msdpPeerConnectionAttempts,
msdpPeerLastError,
msdpPeerStatus,
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime
}
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for managing MSDP peers. This group
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
is deprecated in favor of msdpMIBPeerGroup2 because it
contains objects for managing aspects of MSDP that were
removed before it was published as an RFC."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 2 }
msdpMIBEncapsulationGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpPeerInDataPackets, msdpPeerOutDataPackets,
msdpPeerDataTtl,
msdpPeerEncapsulationType
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for managing encapsulations if the
MSDP encapsulation interfaces are not given interface
indices."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 3 }
msdpMIBSACacheGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpCacheLifetime, msdpNumSACacheEntries,
msdpSACachePeerLearnedFrom,
msdpSACacheRPFPeer, msdpSACacheInSAs,
msdpSACacheInDataPackets,
msdpSACacheUpTime, msdpSACacheExpiryTime,
msdpSACacheStatus }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for managing MSDP SA cache entries."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 4 }
msdpMIBNotificationGroup NOTIFICATION-GROUP
NOTIFICATIONS { msdpEstablished,
msdpBackwardTransition }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of notifications for signaling changes in MSDP
peer relationships."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 5 }
msdpMIBRequestsGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpRequestsPeer, msdpRequestsStatus }
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for managing MSDP Request
transmission. This group is deprecated because Requests
were removed from MSDP before its publication as an RFC."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 6 }
msdpMIBRPGroup OBJECT-GROUP
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
OBJECTS { msdpRPAddress }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for MSDP speakers that source MSDP
messages."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 7 }
msdpMIBMeshGroupGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpMeshGroupStatus }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for MSDP speakers that can
participate in MSDP mesh groups."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 8 }
msdpMIBPeerGroup2 OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS { msdpPeerRPFFailures,
msdpPeerState, msdpPeerInSAs, msdpPeerOutSAs,
msdpPeerInSARequests, msdpPeerOutSARequests,
msdpPeerInControlMessages, msdpPeerOutControlMessages,
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTransitions,
msdpPeerFsmEstablishedTime,
msdpPeerLocalAddress,
msdpPeerRemotePort, msdpPeerLocalPort,
msdpPeerConnectRetryInterval,
msdpPeerHoldTimeConfigured,
msdpPeerKeepAliveConfigured,
msdpPeerInMessageTime,
msdpPeerConnectionAttempts,
msdpPeerStatus,
msdpPeerDiscontinuityTime
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects for managing MSDP peers."
::= { msdpMIBGroups 9 }
END
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
5. Security Considerations
There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB module
with a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such
objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network
environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure
environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on
network operations. These are the tables and objects and their
sensitivity/vulnerability:
msdpEnabled
Obviously, by modifying msdpEnabled, an attacker could simply
disable MSDP processing on the router.
msdpCacheLifetime
If allowed to modify msdpCacheLifetime, an attacker could set the
value to a value lower than a peer's refresh interval, causing all
state to time out and be refreshed.
msdpRequestsPeer, msdpRequestsStatus
If allowed to modify entries in the msdpRequestsTable, an attacker
could cause this system to send MSDP Requests to an unknown
system, or could simply remove the proper configuration. Note
that the msdpRequestsTable is deprecated, and the MSDP Request
functionality is not in the published MSDP spec.
msdpPeerTable objects
The writable objects in the msdpPeerTable are:
msdpPeerLocalAddress, msdpPeerConnectRetryInterval,
msdpPeerHoldTimeConfigured, msdpPeerKeepAliveConfigured,
msdpPeerDataTtl, msdpPeerProcessRequestsFrom, msdpPeerStatus, and
msdpPeerEncapsulationType. Of these, modifying msdpPeerIpAddress
and msdpPeerStatus could cause a changed or deleted peer
configuration. Modifying any of the other values could cause
subtle protocol misbehavior.
msdpSACacheStatus
This writable object can be used to remove valid values from the
router's SA cache.
msdpRPAddress
Changing this object can cause a failure of the Peer-RPF rules for
SA messages sourced by this router.
msdpMeshGroupStatus
This object can be used to change this router's idea of its mesh
group membership and those of its peers. Misconfiguration of mesh
groups can cause subtle protocol misbehavior.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
Some of the readable objects in this MIB module (i.e., objects with a
MAX-ACCESS other than not-accessible) may be considered sensitive or
vulnerable in some network environments. It is thus important to
control even GET and/or NOTIFY access to these objects and possibly
to even encrypt the values of these objects when sending them over
the network via SNMP. These are the tables and objects and their
sensitivity/vulnerability:
o The entire msdpPeerTable. Peer information can result in
discovering internal topology, which many want to keep secret.
o msdpNumSACacheEntries. The size of the SA Cache could reveal
whether this system has MSDP entries for public and/or private
groups.
o The entire msdpSACacheTable. The active sources and groups in a
network could be private.
o The entire msdpMeshGroupTable. This information can also lead to
internal topology information.
SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 did not include adequate security.
Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPsec),
even then, there is no control as to who on the secure network is
allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects
in this MIB module.
It is RECOMMENDED that implementers consider the security features as
provided by the SNMPv3 framework (see [6], Section 8), including full
support for the SNMPv3 cryptographic mechanisms (for authentication
and privacy).
Further, deployment of SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 is NOT
RECOMMENDED. Instead, it is RECOMMENDED to deploy SNMPv3 and to
enable cryptographic security. It is then a customer/operator
responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an
instance of this MIB module is properly configured to give access to
the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate
rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.
6. IANA Considerations
Since this MIB is for an experimental protocol, it uses an
experimental OID.
Decimal Name Description References
------- ---- ----------- ----------
92 MSDP-MIB Multicast Source Discovery MIB RFC 4624
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
7. Acknowledgements
Tom Pusateri and Billy Ng both provided valuable input on early
versions of this document. It was completed with feedback from Mike
Davison and Ketan Talaulikar. Lucy Lynch provided a desperately
needed reminder to finish this document.
8. References
8.1 Normative References
[1] Fenner, B., Ed., and D. Meyer, Ed., "Multicast Source Discovery
Protocol (MSDP)", RFC 3618, October 2003.
[2] Blumenthal, U. and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model (USM)
for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv3)", STD 62, RFC 3414, December 2002.
[3] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access
Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)", STD 62, RFC 3415, December 2002.
[4] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder, "Structure of
Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578,
April 1999.
[5] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder, "Textual
Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.
[6] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., and J. Schoenwaelder, "Conformance
Statements for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999.
8.2. Informative References
[7] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D., and B. Stewart, "Introduction
and Applicability Statements for Internet-Standard Management
Framework", RFC 3410, December 2002.
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
Authors' Addresses
Bill Fenner
1 River Oaks Place
San Jose, CA 95134-1918
Phone: +1 (408 493-8505
EMail: fenner@research.att.com
Dave Thaler
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052-6399
Phone: +1 425 703 8835
EMail: dthaler@microsoft.com
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RFC 4624 MSDP MIB October 2006
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
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Acknowledgement
Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
Administrative Support Activity (IASA).
Fenner & Thaler Experimental [Page 32]