Elizabeth Blackwell

Elizabeth Blackwell
Vida
Nacimientu	Bristol, 3 de febreru de 1821
Nacionalidá	Estaos Xuníos ; Reinu Xuníu de Gran Bretaña ya Irlanda
Muerte	Hastings, 31 de mayu de 1910 (89 años)
Sepultura	Kilmun (es)
Familia
Padre	Samuel Blackwell
Madre	Hannah Blackwell
Hermanos/es	Emily Blackwell; Henry Browne Blackwell; Anna Blackwell
Pueblu	Familia Blackwell (es)
Estudios
Estudios	Bedford College (es) ; Geneva Medical College (en) ; State University of New York Upstate Medical University (en)
Llingües falaes	inglés
Oficiu	médica, escritora sobre medicina, ensayista, activista polos derechos de les muyeres, activista polos derechos humanos, escritora
Premios	ver Salón Nacional de la Fama de Mujeres (1973) ; Salón de la Fama de las mujeres de Ohio (1986) ;

Elizabeth Blackwell (3 de febreru de 1821, Bristol – 31 de mayu de 1910, Hastings) foi la primer muyer que llogró exercer l'oficiu como médicu nos Estaos Xuníos y en tol mundu."^[6]

Nació en Bristol (Inglaterra), siendo la tercera de los nueve fíos de Samuel Blackwell, un refinador d'azucre y de Hannah Lane, criándose asina nuna familia con abonda capacidá económica como pa pagar la educación a tolos sos fíos.^[7] En 1831 emigró cola so familia a Cincinnati, Estaos Xuníos, abriendo'l so padre una refinería en Nueva York.^[8] Blackwell, en finando'l so padre, empezaría a estudiar medicina, col deséu de dedicase a la práctica médica.^[9]

El suyu sería un papel activu nel movimientu abolicionista estauxunidense.^[7]

Diez universidaes refugaron la so solicitú hasta que foi almitida en Ginera (Nueva York). El 11 de xineru de 1849 convertir na primer muyer en recibir el títulu de doctora en medicina, n'Estaos Xuníos.^[10]

Recibió'l conseyu de realizar cursos de homeopatía y dedicase a la práctica de la medicina non oficial.

Coló a onde exerció en maternidá. Nuna de les cures, una secreción angüeñosa chiscó-y el güeyu esquierdu dexándola ciega. Aquello atayaría la so carrera de ciruxana. Poco dempués, marcha a Inglaterra onde conoz a Florence Nightingale y al tornar a Estaos Xuníos, funda, xunto a la so hermana Emily, una escuela d'Enfermería pa muyeres. L'españíu de la Guerra de Secesión va dar a conocer a elles y a les sos primeres discípules. Escribió amás, trataos pa espublizar ente la población femenina, conseyos y encamientos p'ameyorar la so hixene y salú.^[11]

Terminada la guerra, en 1868 funda una Universidá de Medicina pa muyeres y al añu siguiente marcha a Inglaterra onde exerz la cátedra de xinecoloxía hasta la so xubilación en 1907.^[12]

Obra

1849 The Causes and Treatment of Typhus, or Shipfever (tesis)

1852 The Laws of Life with Special Reference to the Physical Education of Girls (brochure, compilation of lecture series) pub. × George Haven Putnam.

1856 An appeal in behalf of the medical education of women^[13]

1860 Medicine as a Profession for Women (lecture published by the trustees of the New York Infirmary for Women)

1864 Address on the Medical Education of Women^[14]

1878 Counsel to Parents on the Moral Education of their Children in Relation to Sex (ocho ediciones, republicado The Moral Education of the Young in Relation to Sex)

1881 "Medicine and Morality" (publicáu en Modern Review)

1887 Purchase of Women: the Great Economic Blunder.

1871 The Religion of Health (compilación de series de conferencies, tres ediciones)

1883 Wrong and Right Methods of Dealing with Social Evil, as shown by English Parliamentary Evidence^[15]

1888 On the Decay of Municipal Representative Government – A Chapter of Personal Experience (Moral Reform League)

1890 The Influence of Women in the Profession of Medicine^[16]

1891 Erroneous Method in Medical Education etc. (Women's Printing Society)

1892 Why Hygienic Congresses Fail

1895 Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women – Autobiographical Sketches (Longmans, reprinted New York: Schocken Books, 1977)

1898 Scientific Method in Biology.

1902 Essays in Medical Sociology, 2 v. (Ernest Bell)

Ver tamién

Referencies

↑ «A Woman of the Century : Fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life».
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 Afirmao en: The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science. Tomu: 1. Páxina: 136-137. Editorial: Routledge. Llingua de la obra o nome: inglés. Data d'espublización: 16 avientu 2003. Autor: Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie.
↑ Identificador SNAC Ark: w6gp35br.
↑ URL de la referencia: https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/elizabeth-blackwell/.
↑ URL de la referencia: https://www.ohiohistory.org/research/archives-library/state-archives/ohio-womens-hall-of-fame/.
↑ Blackwell, Elizabeth (1895) Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women: Autobiographical Sketches. Londres, New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.. Consultáu'l 17 de xunetu de 2016.
↑ ^7,0 ^7,1 Sahli, Nancy Ann (1982). Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D., (1871–1910): a biography. New York: Arno Press. ISBN 0-405-14106-8.
↑ Blackwell, Elizabeth, and Millicent Garrett Fawcett. Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1914.
↑ Kline, Nancy (1997). Elizabeth Blackwell: First Woman M.D.. Conari Press, páx. 1772. ISBN 9781609254780.
↑ Regina Morantz, "Feminism, Professionalism and Germs: The Thought of Mary Putnam Jacobi and Elizabeth Blackwell," American Quarterly (1982) 34: 461–478. in JSTOR
↑ Curtis, Robert H. (1993). Great Lives: Medicine. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers.
↑ Smith, Stephen. Letter. The Medical Co-education of the Sexes. New York Church Union. 1892.
↑ Collins, Stacy B.; Haydock, Robert; Blackwell, Elizabeth; Blackwell, Emily; Zakrzewska, Maria Y. An appeal in behalf of the medical education of women. New York: New York Infirmary for Women.
↑ Blackwell, Elizabeth; Blackwell, Emily (1864) Address on the Medical Education of Women. New York: Baptist & Taylor.
↑ Blackwell, Elizabeth (1883). Wrong and right methods of dealing with social evil, as shown by English parliamentary evidence. New York: A. Brentano.
↑ Blackwell, Elizabeth (1890). The influence of women in the profession of medicine. Baltimore: Unknown.

Enllaces esternos

Women in Science
Biografía nel National Institute of Health
Elizabeth Blackwell en winningthevote.org
Ye obligatoriu indicar l'idioma de Wikisource.
Thompson Cooper (1884) "Blackwell, Elizabeth," Men of the Time (9ª ed).

[11eec912d14f1d5ebf367d9ec9d331a2acbe3efd-1] «A Woman of the Century : Fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life».

[62001e0baa404957a7d046ab06414ba5d48ce424-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 Afirmao en: The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science. Tomu: 1. Páxina: 136-137. Editorial: Routledge. Llingua de la obra o nome: inglés. Data d'espublización: 16 avientu 2003. Autor: Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie.

[dd02c103b72d228a0f0116bb8a4ec9b395aa35e2-3] Identificador SNAC Ark: w6gp35br.

[114da23dde59c6a802be94e789f91288722ffef6-4] URL de la referencia: https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/elizabeth-blackwell/.

[617233024464afaeb06fc71101a6ea7cb1394aca-5] URL de la referencia: https://www.ohiohistory.org/research/archives-library/state-archives/ohio-womens-hall-of-fame/.

[Biography-6] Blackwell, Elizabeth (1895) Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women: Autobiographical Sketches. Londres, New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.. Consultáu'l 17 de xunetu de 2016.

[Sahli-7] 7,0 ^7,1 Sahli, Nancy Ann (1982). Elizabeth Blackwell, M.D., (1871–1910): a biography. New York: Arno Press. ISBN 0-405-14106-8.

[Pioneer-8] Blackwell, Elizabeth, and Millicent Garrett Fawcett. Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women. London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1914.

[9] Kline, Nancy (1997). Elizabeth Blackwell: First Woman M.D.. Conari Press, páx. 1772. ISBN 9781609254780.

[10] Regina Morantz, "Feminism, Professionalism and Germs: The Thought of Mary Putnam Jacobi and Elizabeth Blackwell," American Quarterly (1982) 34: 461–478. in JSTOR

[Curtis_1993-11] Curtis, Robert H. (1993). Great Lives: Medicine. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers.

[Letter-12] Smith, Stephen. Letter. The Medical Co-education of the Sexes. New York Church Union. 1892.

[13] Collins, Stacy B.; Haydock, Robert; Blackwell, Elizabeth; Blackwell, Emily; Zakrzewska, Maria Y. An appeal in behalf of the medical education of women. New York: New York Infirmary for Women.

[14] Blackwell, Elizabeth; Blackwell, Emily (1864) Address on the Medical Education of Women. New York: Baptist & Taylor.

[15] Blackwell, Elizabeth (1883). Wrong and right methods of dealing with social evil, as shown by English parliamentary evidence. New York: A. Brentano.

[16] Blackwell, Elizabeth (1890). The influence of women in the profession of medicine. Baltimore: Unknown.

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