Part IS Licensing—General Provisions

1 Application of Parts I and II of this Act.S

This Part of this Act shall have effect with respect to the licensing of the activities for which licences are required under Part II of this Act.

2 Licensing authorities.S

(1)For the administration of licensing in relation to the activities in connection with which licences are required under Part II of this Act there shall be a licensing authority for each district and islands area.

(2)The licensing authority shall be the district or islands council within whose area the activity is, or is to be, carried on.

(3)Notwithstanding subsection (2) above, a district or islands council shall not be exempt from any requirement to have a licence or any other obligation under this Part or Part II of this Act and a licensing authority shall have power to entertain and dispose of an application by a district or islands council for a licence or in respect of a licence held by them.

3 Discharge of functions of licensing authorities.S

(1)For the purpose of the discharge of their functions under this Part of this Act, every licensing authority shall consider, within 3 months of its having been made to them under paragraph 1 of Schedule 1 to this Act, each application so made and, subject to the following provisions of this section, reach a final decision on it within 6 months.

(2)On summary application by the licensing authority within the 6 month period referred to in subsection (1) above, the sheriff may, if it appears to him that there is good reason to do so, extend that period as he thinks fit.

(3)The applicant shall be entitled to be a party to a summary application under subsection (2) above.

(4)Where the licensing authority have failed to reach a final decision on the application before the expiry of—

(a)the 6 month period referred to in subsection (1) above, or

(b)such further period as the sheriff may have specified on application under subsection (2) above,

the licence applied for shall be deemed to have been granted or, as the case may be, renewed unconditionally on the date of such expiry and shall remain in force for one year, but this subsection is without prejudice to the powers of revocation under section 7(6)(a) of this Act, of variation under paragraph 10 of Schedule 1 to this Act and of suspension under paragraphs 11 and 12 of that Schedule and to the provisions of paragraph 8(5) of that Schedule.

(5)The licensing authority shall make out and deliver the licence to the applicant to whom it has been deemed to have been granted under subsection (4) above.

4 Further provisions as to licensing.S

Schedule 1 to this Act (which contains further provisions as to licensing and regulation in relation to the activities in connection with which licences are required under Part II of this Act) shall have effect.

5 Rights of entry and inspection.S

(1)Without prejudice to any other provision of this Act, an authorised officer of the licensing authority or the fire authority or a constable may, for the purposes specified in subsection (2) below, at any reasonable time—

(a)enter and inspect any premises, vehicle or vessel used or to be used for an activity in relation to which a licence is in force or has been applied for under this Act;

(b)require production of and inspect any equipment, plant, apparatus or stock-in-trade which is or is to be kept or used in connection with any such activity;

(c)require production of and inspect any records or other documents required by or under this Part or Part II of this Act to be kept by the holder of the licence and take copies of or extracts from any such record or document.

(2)The purposes referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)where a licence is in force—

(i)seeing whether the terms of the licence are being complied with and, if they are not, obtaining information in respect of such non-compliance;

(ii)obtaining information relevant to the question whether the terms of the licence should be varied under paragraph 10 of Schedule 1 to this Act or whether the licence should be renewed or, under paragraph 11 or 12 of that Schedule, suspended; or

(b)where the grant of a licence has been applied for, obtaining information relevant to the question whether the application should be granted.

(3)Any person who—

(a)being a person for the time being in charge of any premises, vehicle or vessel, fails without reasonable excuse to permit a constable or an authorised officer of a licensing authority or a fire authority who, in pursuance of subsection (1) above, demands to do so to enter or inspect the premises, vehicle or vessel or obstructs the entry thereto of a constable or such an officer, in pursuance of that subsection;

(b)being a person in respect of whom powers are exercised under subsection (1) above, on being required under that subsection to do so by a constable or an authorised officer of the licensing authority or the fire authority, fails without reasonable excuse to produce any equipment, plant, apparatus or stock-in-trade or to permit a constable or such an officer, in pursuance of that subsection, to inspect any equipment, plant, apparatus or stock-in-trade;

(c)being a holder of a licence, on being required by a constable or an authorised officer of the licensing authority or the fire authority, in pursuance of subsection (1) above, to produce any records or other document required by or under this Part or Part II of this Act to be kept by the holder of a licence, fails without reasonable excuse to produce them;

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F1level 3 on the standard scale].

(4)An authorised officer of a licensing authority or a constable may require any person who the officer or constable has reasonable ground to believe is carrying on an activity which requires to be licensed to produce his licence within 5 days of being required to do so.

(5)Any person who, having been required under subsection (4) above to produce a licence, fails without reasonable excuse to do so within the period of 5 days specified in that subsection shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F1level 1 on the standard scale].

(6)An authorised officer of a licensing authority or the fire authority shall not be entitled to exercise the powers which he may exercise under subsection (1) or (4) above until he has produced his authorisation—

(a)in relation to the exercise of powers under subsection (1)(a) above, to the person for the time being in charge of the premises, vehicle or vessel; and

(b)in any other case, to the person in respect of whom the powers are to be exercised.

(7)A constable who is not in uniform shall not be entitled to exercise the powers which he may exercise under subsection (1) or (4) above until he has produced his identification—

(a)in relation to the exercise of powers under subsection (1)(a) above, to the person for the time being in charge of the premises, vehicle or vessel; and

(b)in any other case, to the person in respect of whom the powers are to be exercised.

6 Powers of entry to and search of unlicensed premises.S

(1)If a justice of the peace or sheriff is satisfied by evidence on oath that there is reasonable ground for suspecting that—

(a)an activity in respect to which a licence under this Act is required is being carried on in any premises, vehicle, or vessel; and

(b)no such licence is in force,

he may grant a warrant authorising any constable to enter and search the premises, vehicle or vessel specified in the warrant.

(2)A constable may use reasonable force in executing a warrant granted under subsection (1) above.

(3)A constable who is not in uniform shall produce his identification if required to do so by any person in or upon any premises, vehicle or vessel which the constable is about to enter, is entering or has entered under the powers conferred under subsection (1) above, and if he has been so required to produce his identification, he shall not be entitled to enter or search the premises, vehicle or vessel or, as the case may be, remain there or continue to search the premises, vehicle or vessel until he has produced it.

(4)Any person who fails without reasonable excuse to permit a constable in pursuance of a warrant granted under this section to enter and search any premises, vehicle or vessel or who obstructs the entry thereto or search thereof by a constable shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F2level 3 on the standard scale].

7 Offences, etc.S

(1)Any person who without reasonable excuse does anything for which a licence is required under Part II of this Act without having such a licence shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction

[F3(a)in a case where the licence so required is a public entertainment licence, to a fine not exceeding £20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or to both; and

(b)in any other case,], to a fine not exceeding [F4level 4 on the standard scale].

(2)If a condition attached to a licence is not complied with, the holder of the licence shall, subject to subsection (3) below, be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction

[F5(a)in a case where the licence is a public entertainment licence and the condition is attached under section 41(3)(b) of this Act, to such fine or imprisonment as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above (or to both); and

(b)in any other case,], to a fine not exceeding [F4level 3 on the standard scale].

(3)It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (2) above to prove that he used all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.

(4)Any person who, in making an application under this Part of this Act to the licensing authority, makes any statement which he knows to be false or recklessly makes any statement which is false in a material particular shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F4level 4 on the standard scale].

(5)Any person who, being the holder of a licence—

(a)fails without reasonable excuse to notify the licensing authority of a material change of circumstances in accordance with paragraph 9(1) of Schedule 1 to this Act;

(b)without reasonable excuse makes or causes or permits to be made any material change in any premises, vehicle or vessel in contravention of paragraph 9(2) of Schedule 1 to this Act;

(c)fails without reasonable excuse to deliver his licence to the licensing authority in accordance with paragraph 13(2) of Schedule 1 to this Act,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding, in the case of an offence under paragraph (a) or (b) above, [F4level 3 on the standard scale], and in the case of an offence under paragraph (c) above, [F4level 1 on the standard scale].

(6)Where a holder of a licence is convicted of an offence under section 5 (other than subsection (5) thereof), 6 or this section, the court by which he is convicted may, in addition to any other penalty which the court may impose, make an order in accordance with one or both of the following paragraphs—

(a)that the licence shall be revoked;

(b)that the holder of the licence shall be disqualified from holding a licence for a period not exceeding 5 years.

(7)Where the holder of a licence is convicted of an offence under this section, an extract of such conviction and sentence (if any) shall, within 6 days after the date of the conviction, be transmitted by the clerk of the court to the licensing authority which granted the licence.

(8)A person may appeal against an order under subsection (6) above in the same manner as against sentence and the court which made the order may, pending the appeal, suspend the effect of the order.

(9)A person may, at any time after the expiry of the first year of his disqualification under subsection (6) above, apply to the court which ordered the disqualification to remove it, and, on such application, the court may by order remove the disqualification as from such date as may be specified in the order or refuse the application, and, in either case, may order the applicant to pay the whole or any part of the expenses of such application.

(10)Where an offence is alleged to have been committed under subsection (2) above by an employee or agent named in a licence, proceedings in respect of that offence may be instituted against the joint licence holder who is the employer of the employee or principal of the agent, whether or not proceedings have been instituted against the employee or agent.

8 Interpretation of Parts I and II.S

In this Part and in Part II of this Act except where the context otherwise requires—

• “chief constable” means, in relation to a licensing authority’s area, the chief constable for the area which includes the area of the licensing authority;

• “fire authority” means, in relation to a licensing authority’s area, the authority discharging in that area the functions of fire authority under the Fire Services Acts 1947 to 1959;

• “licence” means a licence granted under this Part and Part II of this Act, and cognate expressions shall be construed accordingly;

• “premises” includes land.

Part IIE+W+S Licensing and Regulation—Particular Activities

9 Application of sections 10 to 27 and 38 to 44.S

(1)Sections 10 to 27 (except section 20), any regulations made under the said section 20, and sections 38 to 43 [F6(except section 41A)] of this Act and any order made under section 44(1)(a) of this Act (which sections regulations and order are in this section called the “optional provisions”) shall have effect in the area of a licensing authority only if and insofar as the authority have so resolved in accordance with subsections (2) to (8) below.

(2)A licensing authority may, in accordance with this section, resolve that, as from a day specified in the resolution (which must not be before the expiration of the period of nine months beginning with the day on which the resolution was made) any activity provision for the licensing and regulation of which is made by the optional provisions shall require to be licensed in accordance with the provisions of this Act relating to that activity and shall be regulated by those provisions.

(3)Subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, a resolution under this section may be made—

(a)in relation to all or any of the activities referred to in subsection (2) above;

(b)in relation to the whole or any part of the area of the licensing authority;

(c)in relation to—

(i)all classes of an activity referred to in any of the optional provisions; or

(ii)all such classes subject to exceptions; or

(iii)any particular such class or classes.

(4)A licensing authority may not make a resolution under this section relating to any of the activities provision for the licensing and regulation of which is made in sections 10 to 23 of this Act (that is to say the operation of a vehicle as a taxi, the operation of a vehicle as a hire car, the driving of a taxi and the driving of a hire car) unless it relates to all these activities.

(5)A resolution made under this section by the licensing authority relating to—

(a)the activity provision for the licensing and regulation of which is made in sections 24 to 27 of this Act (that is to say the carrying on of business as a second-hand dealer) shall specify the particular class or classes of that activity which shall thereby fall to be licensed and regulated;

(b)the activity provision for the licensing of which is made in section 41 of this Act (that is to say the use of premises as a place of public entertainment) shall specify the place or places, or class or classes thereof, which shall thereby fall to be licensed.

(6)A licensing authority shall not make a resolution under this section unless they have—

(a)published in a newspaper or newspapers circulating in their area the terms of the proposed resolution together with a notice stating—

(i)that they intend to make the resolution; and

(ii)that representations about the resolution may be made in writing to the authority within 28 days of the first publication of the notice; and

(b)considered any representations so made.

(7)A licensing authority, before proceeding to make a resolution under this section, may make such modifications to the proposed resolution as they think fit in the light of representations made to them about it provided such modifications do not extend its scope.

(8)The licensing authority shall, as soon as they have made a resolution under subsection (2) above, publish in a newspaper or newspapers circulating in their area—

(a)the terms of the resolution so made; together with

(b)a notice stating—

(i)that with effect from the date specified as that on which the resolution comes into effect it will be an offence under section 7(1) of this Act to do without a licence whatever the resolution specifies as being an activity requiring to be licensed; and

(ii)that applications for licences in respect of the activity will be considered by the authority after the expiry of one month after the date of the making of the resolution.

(9)A resolution under this section may be varied or rescinded by a subsequent resolution made in like manner except that, in relation to the time when it takes effect, a resolution under this subsection—

(a)varying a resolution under this section so as to reduce its scope; or

(b)rescinding a resolution under this section

shall take effect on such date as may be specified in it being any date subsequent to the making of the resolution.

(10)Anything which must or may be done under or by virtue of Part I or this Part of this Act may, at any time after the making by the licensing authority of the resolution, be done so far as may be necessary or expedient for the purpose of giving full effect to the resolution at or after the time it takes effect but no application for a licence in respect of an activity requiring to be licensed in consequence of the resolution shall be considered by the authority until the expiry of one month after the making of the resolution.

Licensing and regulation of taxis and private hire carsE+W+S

10 Taxi and private hire car licences.S

(1)A licence, to be known as a “taxi licence” or, as the case may be, a “private hire car licence”, shall be required for the operation of a vehicle as—

(a)a taxi; or

(b)a private hire car.

(2)A licensing authority shall not grant or renew a taxi licence or private hire car licence unless they are satisfied that the vehicle to which the licence is to relate is suitable in type, size and design for use as a taxi or private hire car, as the case may be, and is safe for that use, and that there is in force in relation to the vehicle such a policy of insurance or such security as complies with Part VI of the M1Road Traffic Act 1972.

[F7(3)Without prejudice to paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 to this Act, the grant of a taxi licence may be refused by a licensing authority for the purpose of limiting the number of taxis in respect of which licences are granted by them if, but only if, they are satisfied that there is no significant demand for the services of taxis in their area which is unmet.]

(4)A vehicle shall, for the purposes of subsection (2) above, be treated by a licensing authority as being suitable in type, size and design if it complies with regulations in that regard made by the Secretary of State under section 20(2) of this Act in respect of their area.

(5)A taxi licence or private hire car licence shall extend to the operation of a vehicle substituted for the vehicle in respect of which the licence was granted or, as the case may be, last renewed if the licensing authority are as respects the substitute vehicle satisfied as to the matters specified in subsection (2) above, and where a taxi licence or private hire car licence extends under this subsection to a substitute vehicle, subsection (6) below shall not apply in respect of the vehicle replaced by the substitute vehicle.

(6)Subject to subsection (5) above, the holder of a taxi or private hire car licence shall within 28 days of his selling or otherwise disposing of the vehicle to which the licence relates deliver to the licensing authority his licence and any licence plate or other thing which has been issued by the licensing authority for the purpose of indicating that the vehicle is a taxi or, as the case may be, private hire car, and if without reasonable excuse he fails to do so he shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F8level 2 on the standard scale].

11 Inspection and testing of vehicles.S

(1)The holder of a taxi or private hire car licence shall present the taxi or private hire car for inspection and testing by or on behalf of the licensing authority within such period and at such place as they may by notice reasonably require.

(2)An authorised officer of a licensing authority (as respects a taxi or private hire car licensed for the area of the authority) or a constable shall have power at any reasonable time to inspect and test, for the purpose of ascertaining its fitness, a licensed taxi or private hire car or, for the purpose of testing its fitness or accuracy, any taximeter and if he is not satisfied as to the safety of the taxi or private hire car for the carriage of passengers or as to the fitness or accuracy of the taximeter he may by notice in writing—

(a)require the holder of the taxi or private hire car licence to make the taxi, private hire car or taximeter, as the case may be, available for further inspection at such reasonable time and place as may be specified in the notice;

(b)suspend the licence until such time as an authorised officer of the licensing authority or a constable is so satisfied:

12 Fees for taxi and private hire car licences.S

A licensing authority shall charge such fees in respect of taxi and private hire car licences and applications for such licences as may be resolved by them from time to time and shall seek to ensure that the total amount of such fees is sufficient to meet the expenses incurred by them in carrying out their functions under sections 10 to 23 (other than section 19) of this Act in relation to such licences.

13 Taxi and private hire car driving licences.S

(1)A licence, to be known as a “taxi driver’s licence” or, as the case may be, a “private hire car driver’s licence”, shall, subject to subsection (2) below, be required for driving or otherwise having charge of a taxi or private hire car.

(2)A private hire car driver’s licence shall not be required by the holder of a taxi driver’s licence for driving or otherwise having charge of a private hire car whilst in operation as such.

(3)A licensing authority shall not grant a licence to any person under this section unless that person has held, during any continuous period of 12 months prior to the date of his application, a licence authorising him to drive a motor car issued under Part III of the M2Road Traffic Act 1972 or a licence which would at the time of his application entitle him to such a licence without taking a test, not being a provisional licence.

(4)A licensing authority may, at any time, for the purposes of satisfying themselves that he is physically fit to drive a taxi or, as the case may be, private hire car, require an applicant for or holder of a taxi driver’s licence or private hire car driver’s licence to submit to medical examination, at their expense, by a medical practitioner nominated by them.

(5)A licensing authority may require an applicant for a taxi driver’s licence to take a test of his knowledge of the area to which the licence is to relate, of the layout of roads in that area and such other matters relating to the operation of a taxi as the authority consider desirable, and the authority may refuse to grant a licence to a person who does not satisfy them that he has adequate knowledge of any of these matters.

(6)If a person holding a licence under this section ceases for any reason to be authorised by law to drive on a road . . . F9 the vehicle to which the licence relates, the licence shall cease to have effect.

14 Signs on vehicles other than taxis.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, there shall not be displayed on or in a private hire car any word, sign, notice, mark, illumination or other feature which may suggest that the vehicle is available for hire as a taxi.

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply in relation to any licence plate or other thing issued by the licensing authority for the purpose of indicating that the vehicle to which it relates is a private hire car or in relation to any sign required by virtue of section 21 of the M3Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971.

(3)Any person who—

(a)drives a vehicle in respect of which subsection (1) is contravened; or

(b)causes or knowingly permits that subsection to be contravened in respect of any vehicle,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F10level 3 on the standard scale].

15 Operation of taxis outside licensing areas.S

(1)A licensing authority, with the agreement of another licensing authority, may name destinations or classes of destinations in the area of the other authority and, with the agreement aforesaid, fix scales under section 17 of this Act for journeys from their area by taxis licensed by them to such destinations or classes thereof.

(2)The conditions to which a taxi or taxi driver’s licence are subject shall continue to apply while the taxi or its driver is engaged in such a journey.

(3)Nothing in this section or in Part I of this Act enables a condition to be imposed in a taxi driver’s licence requiring him to make any journey to a destination outside the area in respect of which he is licensed.

16 Journeys in England and Wales by vehicles and drivers licensed under this Act. E+W+S

In section 75 of the M4 Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (saving for certain vehicles from requirements of Part II of that Act as to private hire vehicles), after subsection (2) there shall be inserted—

“(2A)Where a vehicle is being used as a taxi or private hire car, paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of section 46(1) of this Act shall not apply to the use or driving of the vehicle or the employment of a person to drive it if—

(a)a licence issued under section 10 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 for its use as a taxi or, as the case may be, private hire car is then in force, and

(b)the driver holds a licence issued under section 13 of that Act for the driving of taxis or, as the case may be, private hire cars.

In this subsection, “private hire car” and “taxi” have the same meaning as in sections 10 to 22 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982”

17 Taxi fares.S

(1)The fares for the hire of taxis in any area and all other charges in connection with the hire of a taxi or with the arrangements for its hire shall be not greater than those fixed for that area under this section and section 18 of this Act.

(2)It shall be the duty of the licensing authority to fix from time to time scales for the fares and other charges mentioned in subsection (1) above and to review these scales at intervals not exceeding 18 months from the date on which the scales came into effect (whether proceeding upon a review under this section or not).

(3)Before fixing any scales or carrying out any review under this section the licensing authority shall—

(a)consult with persons or organisations appearing to them to be, or be representative of, the operators of taxis operating within their area; and

(b)give notice of their intention by advertisement in a newspaper circulating in their area stating—

(i)the general effect of the proposals and the date when they propose that their decision will take effect; and

(ii)that any person may lodge representations in writing with respect to the proposals within a period of one month after the date of the first publication of the notice; and

(c)consider any such representations duly lodged with them.

(4)Where, under this section, the licensing authority fix any scale or carry out any review they shall forthwith give notice in writing of their decision (including, in the case of a review, a decision to do nothing) to such persons and organisations as they have consulted under subsection (3)(a) above and inform them of the general effect of section 18(1) of this Act.

(5)Notice shall be given for the purposes of subsection (4) above by—

(a)its being sent by recorded delivery letter to the last known addresses of the persons and organisations referred to in subsection (4) above so as to arrive there, in the normal course of post, not later than five days after the decision referred to in subsection (4) above; or

(b)personal service of the notice upon those persons within that time.

18 Appeals in respect of taxi fares.S

(1)Any person who operates a taxi in an area for which scales have been fixed or in respect of which a review has been carried out under section 17 of this Act may, within 14 days after the decision upon the scales or, as the case may be, upon the review, appeal against these scales to the traffic [F11commissioner] for the Scottish Traffic Area as constituted for the purpose of the M5Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981.

(2)The traffic [F11commissioner] may hear an appeal under this section notwithstanding that it was not lodged with [F12him] within the time mentioned in subsection (1) above.

(3)On an appeal to them under subsection (1) above, the traffic [F11commissioner] may—

(a)confirm or alter the scales; or

(b)may decline to proceed—

(i)at any stage in the appeal, on the grounds that [F13he considers] the case for the appellant is not representative of the view of a substantial proportion of the operators of taxis operating in the area of the licensing authority;

(ii)if less than two years have elapsed since [F13he decided] an appeal against a decision of the same authority in respect of the same scale, and [F13he considers] it inappropriate that [F13he should consider] the matter again.

(4)An appeal under this section shall have the effect of suspending the decision referred to in subsection (1) above until the date when the appeal is abandoned or, as the case may be, when notice is given to the appellant advising him of its disposal.

(5)Where [F14he alters] scales under subsection (3)(a) above, the traffic [F11commissioner] may substitute a different date for the coming into effect of these scales.

(6)The Secretary of State may [F15by order made by statutory instrument] make rules as to procedure in relation to appeals under this section.

(7)The decision of the traffic [F11commissioner] on an appeal under this section shall be final.

(8)The traffic [F11commissioner] shall give notice of [F16his] decision in writing to the appellant and to the licensing authority and notice shall be given to the appellant by—

(a)its being sent by recorded delivery letter to his last known address or, as the case may be, to them so as to arrive, in the normal course of post, not later than five days after [F16his] decision; or

(b)personal service of the notice on the appellant within that time.

(9)As soon as practicable after the expiration of the period of 14 days referred to in subsection (1) above or, where an appeal has been lodged, on the date when it is abandoned or when notice is given to the appellant of its disposal, the licensing authority shall, by advertisement in a newspaper circulating in their area, give public notice of the scales which have been determined under section 17 of this Act and this section and the date when they come into effect which shall be not earlier than seven days after the date of the advertisement.

(10)A licensing authority shall pay the expenses incurred under this section by the traffic commissioners in relation to appeals under this section.

F17(11). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 Taxi stances.S

(1)A licensing authority may, after consultation with persons or organisations appearing to them to be, or be representative of, the operators of taxis operating in their area, appoint stances for taxis for the whole or any part of a day in any road within their area or on any land owned by the authority, or, with the consent of the owner, on any land owned by him.

(2)A licensing authority may—

(a)erect and illuminate signs;

(b)cause lines or marks to be made on roads;

indicating the limits of taxi stances.

(3)A licensing authority may from time to time, after consultation as mentioned in subsection (1) above, vary the number of taxis permitted to be at each stance and alter the position of such stances or revoke the appointment thereof.

(4)Before appointing any stance for taxis or varying the number of taxis permitted to be at each stance, the licensing authority shall give notice to the chief constable of the area in which the stance is situated and shall also give public notice of the proposal by advertisement in at least one newspaper circulating in their area and shall take into consideration any objections or representations in respect of such proposal which may be made to them in writing within 28 days of the first publication of such notice.

(5)Nothing in this section shall empower a licensing authority to appoint any taxi stance so as unreasonably to prevent access to any premises or, without the consent of the [F18roads authority], to appoint any taxi stance on any [F19road] or erect or illuminate any sign there or cause any line or mark to be made on any road . . . F20

20 Regulations relating to taxis and private hire cars and their drivers.S

(1)Notwithstanding paragraph 5(2) of Schedule 1 to this Act, the Secretary of State may by regulations provide that licensing authorities shall, in relation to taxi, private hire car, taxi drivers’ or private hire car drivers’ licences, impose such conditions or classes of conditions as may be prescribed in the regulations and shall not impose such other conditions or classes of conditions as may be so prescribed [F21and may provide that such conditions shall be imposed or, as the case may be, shall not be imposed for different areas or classes of areas; and different conditions or classes of conditions may be prescribed in relation to different categories of taxi or private hire car.]

(2)The Secretary of State may by regulations made by statutory instrument prescribe types, sizes and designs of vehicles for the purposes of section 10(4) of this Act and, in doing so, may prescribe different types, sizes or designs of vehicles in respect of different areas.

(3)Regulations under subsection (1) above shall be made by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

21 Offences.S

(1)If any person—

(a)operates, or permits the operation of, a taxi within an area in respect of which its operation requires to be but is not licensed or the driver requires to be but is not licensed, or

(b)picks up passengers in, or permits passengers to be picked up by, a private hire car within an area in respect of which its operation requires to be but is not licensed or the driver requires to be but is not licensed,

that person shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F22level 4 on the standard scale].

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply to the operation of a taxi or private hire car within an area in respect of which its operation or its driver is not licensed if the request for its hiring was received by its driver [F23(otherwise than in a public place from the person to be conveyed in it, or a person acting on his behalf, for a journey beginning there and then)] whilst—

(a)in the area or in that part thereof in respect of which its operation and its driver are licensed;

(b)engaged on hire on a journey which began in that area or part or will end there; or

(c)returning to that area or part immediately following completion of a journey on hire.

(3)Subsection (1)(b) above does not apply to the operation of a vehicle within an area in respect of which its operation or its driver is not licensed if there are in force—

(i)in respect of the vehicle, a licence under section 37 of the M6Town Police Clauses Act 1847 (licensing of hackney carriages) or section 48 of the M7Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1976 (licensing of private hire vehicles); and

(ii)in respect of its driver, a licence under section 46 of the said Act of 1847 (licensing of hackney carriage drivers) or, as the case may be, section 51 of the said Act of 1976 (licensing of drivers of private hire vehicles).

(4)If any person, being the holder of a taxi licence or private hire car licence in respect of a vehicle, permits another person who does not have a current taxi driver’s licence or private hire car driver’s licence, as the case may be, to operate the vehicle as a taxi or, as the case may be, a private hire car he shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F22level 4 on the standard scale].

(5)If any person demands fares or other charges in respect of the hire of a taxi or for the hire of a private hire car which is fitted with a taximeter in excess of the scales established under sections 17 and 18 of this Act, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F22level 4 on the standard scale].

(6)If any person without good cause breaks the seal on a taximeter or operates or drives a taxi or private hire car knowing that the seal on its meter has been broken, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F22level 4 on the standard scale] or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 60 days or to both.

(7)If any person, without reasonable excuse, causes or permits any vehicle other than a taxi to wait on any stance for taxis during any period for which that stance has been appointed by a licensing authority under section 19 of this Act, he shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F22level 2 on the standard scale].

(8)Notice of the effect of subsection (7) above shall be indicated by such traffic signs as may be prescribed as authorised for the purpose by the Secretary of State in pursuance of his powers under section 54 of the M8Road Traffic Regulation Act 1967.

22 Saving for certain vehicles etc.S

Nothing in sections 10 to 21 (with the exception of subsection (7) of section 21) of this Act shall—

(a)apply to a vehicle used for bringing passengers or goods within and taking them out of an area in respect of which the vehicle is not licensed as a taxi or a private hire car in pursuance of a contract for the hire of the vehicle made outside the area if the vehicle is not made available for hire within the area;

(b)apply to a vehicle while it is being used in connection with a funeral or wedding;

(c)apply to any vehicle while it is being used for carrying passengers under a contract for its exclusive hire for a period of not less than 24 hours.

23 Interpretation of sections 10 to 22.S

(1)In sections 10 to 22 of this Act—

• “taxi” means a hire car which is engaged, by arrangements made in a public place between the person to be conveyed in it (or a person acting on his behalf) and its driver for a journey beginning there and then; and

• “private hire car” means a hire car other than a taxi within the meaning of this subsection.

(2)In subsection (1) above, “hire car” means a motor vehicle with a driver (other than a vehicle being a public service vehicle within the meaning of section 1(1)(a) of the M9Public Passenger Vehicles Act 1981) which is, with a view to profit, available for hire by the public for personal conveyance.

(3)Notwithstanding that a vehicle in respect of which there is a licence for its operation as a taxi is, on any occasion, engaged as a hire car otherwise than in the manner referred to in subsection (1) above, the enactments relating to its operation as a taxi, and to the driving of it as such (including any such enactments in this Act) shall nonetheless apply in relation to it; and that other manner of engagement on that occasion shall not of itself cause the operation or driving of the licensed taxi to be regarded for the purposes of this Act as the operation or driving of a private hire car within the meaning of subsection (1) above.

Licensing and regulation of second-hand dealersS

24 Second-hand dealers’ licences.S

(1)Subject to subsection (3) below, a licence, to be known as a “second-hand dealer’s licence”, shall be required for carrying on business as a second-hand dealer.

(2)In this section and in sections 25 to 27 and 36 of this Act “second-hand dealer” means a person carrying on a business as a dealer in second-hand goods or articles of any description.

(3)A second-hand dealer’s licence shall not be required for carrying on—

(a)the business of a pawnbroker (that is to say, a person who, under a regulated agreement under the M10Consumer Credit Act 1974, takes an article in pawn);

(b)a business as a wholesale dealer purchasing exclusively from second-hand dealers licensed under this Act;

(c)a business which is charitable for the purposes of the Income Tax Acts;

(d)a business as a dealer in second-hand goods or articles incidentally to another business not being that of a dealer in such goods or articles;

(e)a business either of financing the acquisition of goods by means of hire-purchase agreements, conditional sale agreements or credit sale agreements (as defined in section 189(1) of the M11Consumer Credit Act 1974) or of financing the use of goods by means of hiring agreements.

(4)Without prejudice to paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 to this Act, a licensing authority may, after consultation with the chief constable, attach conditions to a second-hand dealer’s licence requiring the keeping of records in relation to the dealer’s stock-in-trade; and conditions so attached may, without prejudice to the authority’s power under this subsection, include provision as to—

(a)the information to be included in these records;

(b)their form;

(c)the premises where they are to be kept; and

(d)the period for which they are to be kept.

(5)A second-hand dealer acquiring a second-hand motor vehicle for the purpose of its re-sale in the course of his business shall keep a record of the mileage reading on the vehicle’s odometer when he acquired it.

(6)Any person who contravenes subsection (5) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F24level 3 on the standard scale].

(7)It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (6) above to prove that he used all due diligence to prevent the commission of the offence.

25 Disposal of stock-in-trade.S

(1)Subject to subsections (2) and (3) below and section 27 of this Act, a second-hand dealer shall not dispose of any item of his stock-in-trade until the expiry of 48 hours (excluding any time on Saturdays or Sundays) after he acquired it.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall not apply to any article acquired by the dealer in a public roup and disposed of by him without being brought to his place of business.

(3)A licensing authority may, on granting a second-hand dealer’s licence or at any time thereafter, on application by the dealer and after consultation with the chief constable, order that subsection (1) above shall not apply to the disposal by the dealer of any item, or any specified item or class of items, of his stock-in-trade or any specified part of it.

(4)An order under subsection (3) above may—

(a)be made subject to such conditions as the authority think fit;

(b)relate to stock-in-trade or items thereof still to be acquired by the dealer to whom the order relates; or

(c)be varied or revoked at any time by the licensing authority.

(5)In subsection (3) above, “specified” means specified in an order under that subsection.

(6)A holder of a second-hand dealer’s licence may appeal to the sheriff against a decision of the licensing authority under this section and paragraph 24(3) to (9) and (11) and (12) of Schedule 1 to this Act shall, with any necessary modifications, apply to an appeal under this subsection.

(7)Any person who contravenes subsection (1) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F25level 3 on the standard scale].

26 Sellers of second-hand goods: offences etc.S

(1)Any person who, when selling anything to a second-hand dealer, gives the dealer a false name or address shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F26level 3 on the standard scale].

(2)If anything is offered to a second-hand dealer in the course of his business and he has reason to believe that it has been stolen or otherwise unlawfully obtained he may, subject to subsection (3) below, detain the person offering it and a constable may arrest that person and take possession of it.

(3)Nothing in subsection (2) above authorises a second-hand dealer to detain a person longer than is reasonably necessary for obtaining the attendance of a constable.

(4)No civil liability shall arise as a result only of the detention in good faith of a person under subsection (2) above.

27 Functions of the court in relation to second-hand dealers convicted of offences.S

(1)Where a second-hand dealer is convicted of an offence relating to second-hand dealing, the court by which he is convicted may make any order which it is competent to make under section 7(6) of this Act and an extract of such conviction and sentence (if any) shall, within 6 days after the date of the conviction, be transmitted by the clerk of the court to the licensing authority which granted the licence.

(2)Where a second-hand dealer is convicted—

(a)of an offence relating to second-hand dealing; or

(b)of an offence which in the opinion of the court is an offence involving dishonesty,

the court may, in addition to any other order which it is competent to make, order that he shall not dispose of any second-hand goods acquired by him until the expiry of a period of 7 days after their acquisition.

(3)In making an order under subsection (2) above, the court shall specify a period not exceeding 2 years for which it is to remain in force, but the court may revoke such an order at any time on the application of the person to whom it relates.

(4)Any person who fails to comply with an order made in relation to him under subsection (2) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F27level 4 on the standard scale] or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 60 days or to both.

Licensing and regulation of metal dealersS

28 Metal dealers: licensing and regulation.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a licence, to be known as a “metal dealer’s licence”, shall be required for carrying on business as a metal dealer.

(2)A metal dealer’s licence shall not be required by a person in relation to whom there is in force a warrant under section 29(1) or (4) of this Act (referred to in subsection (3) below and in sections 30 to 37 of this Act respectively as “an exemption warrant” and “a temporary exemption warrant”).

(3)Sections 30 to 36 of this Act shall not apply to a person in relation to whom an exemption warrant or temporary exemption warrant is in force.

(4)A metal dealer’s licence shall, in addition to specifying the activity which he engages in, specify the premises in or from which the activity is to be carried on.

29 Metal dealers’ exemption warrants.S

(1)A licensing authority shall, on application by a metal dealer, issue an exemption warrant in relation to him if there is produced to them a certificate by the auditor of the metal dealer’s business stating that, in a financial year ending in the period of 18 months immediately preceding the production to them of the certificate, the total amount received by the dealer as a principal in the ordinary course of his business in respect of metal sold or supplied by him, without any deduction being made, exceeded £100,000 or such other sum as may be substituted for that sum by order made by the Secretary of State.

(2)An order made for the purposes of subsection (1) above shall be made by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(3)An exemption warrant shall remain in force for 3 years from the date of its issue.

(4)A licensing authority may, on application by a metal dealer, issue a temporary exemption warrant in relation to him if they are satisfied that he has not been carrying on business as a metal dealer.

(5)A temporary exemption warrant in relation to a metal dealer shall remain in force from the date of its issue or such later date as the licensing authority may specify—

(a)for a period of 18 months; or

(b)until (if earlier that the expiry of that period) the date of the grant to that dealer of an exemption warrant; or

(c)if a metal dealer’s licence has been applied for by him within that period, until the date when it is granted or is deemed to have been granted or, if it is refused, until the expiry of the time within which he may lodge an appeal under paragraph 18 of Schedule 1 to this Act against that refusal or, where he has lodged such an appeal, until it has been abandoned or determined against him.

(6)It shall be a condition of a temporary exemption warrant that the dealer to whom it relates shall acquire metal only from persons selling or otherwise disposing of it in the course of trade or business.

(7)A licensing authority may revoke a temporary exemption warrant on the grounds that the metal dealer to whom it relates has contravened the condition specified in subsection (6) above.

(8)An authorised officer of a licensing authority or a constable may require any person who the officer or constable has reasonable ground to believe is carrying on business as a metal dealer without having a metal dealer’s licence to produce his exemption warrant or temporary exemption warrant within a reasonable time of being required to do so; and any person who does not have a metal dealer’s licence and who, having been so required to produce his exemption warrant or temporary exemption warrant within that time, fails, without reasonable excuse, to do so shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F28level 1 on the standard scale].

(9)An officer of a licensing authority or a constable who is not in uniform shall not be entitled to exercise the powers which he may exercise under subsection (8) above until he has produced his authorisation or, as the case may be, identification to the person in respect of whom they are to be exercised.

(10)In this section—

• “auditor” means a person who is qualified under section 161 of the M12Companies Act 1948 for appointment as auditor of a company within the meaning of that Act; and

• “financial year”, in relation to a metal dealer, means the financial year of his business or, if it has no financial year, the year beginning on 6th April.

30 Keeping of records.S

(1)This section applies to metal acquired by or disposed of by the holder of a metal dealer’s licence in the course of his business as a metal dealer.

(2)A metal dealer shall keep the following records, containing the particulars required by this section—

(a)in relation to each place occupied by him for the purposes of his business as a metal dealer—

(i)records of all metal to which this section applies received at that place;

(ii)records of all such metal processed at or despatched or otherwise disposed of from that place;

(b)records of all metal to which this section applies received or processed at or despatched or otherwise disposed of from any place other than a place occupied by him for the purposes of his business as a metal dealer,

and separate records shall be kept of the particulars with respect to metal received and metal despatched, processed or otherwise disposed of, respectively.

(3)A metal dealer shall keep records for the purposes of this section either by—

(a)keeping, at each place occupied by him for the purposes of his business as a metal dealer, books with serially numbered pages recording all metal to which this section applies received or processed at or despatched or otherwise disposed of from that place; or

(b)the use of a device for storing and processing information,

but—

(i)where he keeps books under paragraph (a) above, he shall not have in use at any one place and at any one time more than one book for recording particulars with respect to metal received at that place and more than one book for recording particulars with respect to metal processed at, or despatched or otherwise disposed of from, that place; and

(ii)where he uses a device for storing and processing information under paragraph (b) above, he shall, by means of that device or otherwise, keep particulars of all modifications made in the records kept by the device.

(4)Records kept under subsection (3) above shall be retained by the dealer for a period of two years from the day on which the last entry was made in it.

(5)The said particulars, in the case of metal received or acquired, are—

(a)the description and weight of the metal;

(b)the date and time of the receipt of the metal;

(c)if the metal is received or acquired from another person, the name and address of that person;

(d)the price, if any, payable in respect of the receipt or acquisition of the metal, if that price has been ascertained at the time when the entry in the record relating to that metal is to be made;

(e)where paragraph (d) above does not apply, the value of the metal at the time when the entry is to be made as estimated by the dealer;

(f)in the case of metal delivered at the place in question by means of a mechanically propelled vehicle bearing a registration mark (whether the vehicle belongs to the dealer or not), the registration mark borne by the vehicle.

(6)The said particulars, in the case of metal despatched, processed or otherwise disposed of are—

(a)the description and weight of the metal immediately before its despatch, processing or other disposal;

(b)the date of despatch, processing or other disposal of the metal and, in the case of processing, the process applied;

(c)in the case of metal disposed of on sale or exchange, the name and address of the person to whom the metal is sold or with whom it is exchanged, and the consideration for which it is sold or exchanged;

(d)in the case of metal disposed of otherwise than on sale or exchange, its value immediately before its disposal as estimated by the dealer.

(7)Particulars required under this section to be recorded in respect of metal received or otherwise acquired shall be so recorded immediately after the receipt or acquisition; and particulars so required to be recorded in respect of metal disposed of shall be so recorded immediately after the disposal.

(8)Any person who fails to comply with any requirement imposed upon him by this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F29level 3 on the standard scale].

31 Retention of metal.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below and section 35 of this Act, no metal dealer shall dispose of or process any metal acquired by him in the course of business until the expiry of a period of 48 hours (excluding any time on Saturdays or Sundays) after its acquisition.

(2)A licensing authority may, on granting a metal dealer’s licence or at any time thereafter, on application by the dealer and after consultation with the chief constable, order that subsection (1) above shall not apply to such metal or classes of metal as may be specified in the order.

(3)An order under subsection (2) above may—

(a)be made subject to such conditions as the licensing authority think fit;

(b)relate to metal still to be acquired by the metal dealer to whom the order relates;

(c)be varied or revoked by the licensing authority.

(4)The holder of a metal dealer’s licence may appeal to the sheriff against a decision of the licensing authority under this section and paragraphs 18(3) to (9) and (11) and (12) of Schedule 1 to this Act shall, with any necessary modifications, apply to an appeal under this subsection.

(5)Any person who fails to comply with subsection (1) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F30level 3 on the standard scale].

32 Itinerant metal dealers.S

(1)A licence, to be known as an “itinerant metal dealer’s licence” shall be required for carrying on business as an itinerant metal dealer.

(2)An itinerant metal dealer’s licence shall have effect so as to permit the licence holder to carry on business as an itinerant metal dealer anywhere in Scotland.

33 Receipts and invoices: itinerant metal dealers.S

(1)An itinerant metal dealer shall obtain from each person who buys metal from him a receipt showing the weight and description of the metal, the name and address of the buyer and the price paid for the metal.

(2)Any such receipt shall be kept by the dealer for a period of 6 months from its date of issue.

(3)An itinerant metal dealer shall keep a record in respect of each sale to him of metal showing the weight and description of the metal, the name and address of the seller and the price paid for the metal.

(4)Any such record shall be kept by the dealer for a period of 6 months from the date of the sale to which it relates.

(5)Any person who fails to comply with any provision of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F31level 3 on the standard scale].

34 Offences relating to metal dealing.S

(1)Any metal dealer or itinerant metal dealer who disposes of metal to a person apparently under the age of 16 or who acquires metal from such a person, whether that person is acting on his own behalf or on behalf of another person, shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F32level 3 on the standard scale].

(2)In any proceedings for an offence under subsection (1) above, it shall be a defence to prove that the person to whom it is alleged the metal was disposed of or from whom it is alleged it was acquired was 16 years of age or over at the time.

(3)Any metal dealer or itinerant metal dealer who knowingly or recklessly furnishes false particulars under section 30 of this Act or, as the case may be, false information on any record or receipt which he is required by section 33 of this Act to keep shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F32level 4 on the standard scale].

(4)Any person who, when selling metal to or purchasing metal from a metal dealer or itinerant metal dealer, gives the dealer a false name or address shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F32level 3 on the standard scale].

35 Functions of the court in relation to metal dealers convicted of offences.S

(1)Where a metal dealer or itinerant metal dealer is convicted of an offence relating to his business as such, the court by which he is convicted may make any order which it is competent to make under section 7(6) of this Act and an extract of such conviction and sentence (if any) shall, within 6 days after the date of the conviction, be transmitted by the clerk of the court to the licensing authority which granted the licence.

(2)Where a metal dealer is convicted—

(a)of an offence relating to his business as such; or

(b)of any offence which in the opinion of the court is an offence involving dishonesty,

the court may, in addition to any other order which it is competent to make, order that he shall not dispose of or process any metal acquired by him until the expiry of a period of 7 days after its acquisition.

(3)In making an order under subsection (2) above, the court shall specify a period not exceeding 2 years for which it is to remain in force, but the court may revoke such an order at any time on the application of the person to whom it relates.

(4)Any person who fails to comply with an order made in relation to him under subsection (2) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F33level 4 on the standard scale] or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 60 days or to both.

(5)A licensing authority receiving, by virtue of subsection (1) above, an extract of conviction and sentence (if any) of an itinerant metal dealer shall notify all other licensing authorities of the particulars of the conviction.

36 Appropriate licence required.S

Where a person carries on business as a second-hand dealer and as a metal dealer and as an itinerant metal dealer or as any two of these kinds of dealer he shall require the appropriate licence in respect of each activity.

37 Interpretation of sections 28 to 36.S

(1)In sections 28 to 36 of this Act—

• “itinerant metal dealer” means a person who carries on a business which consists wholly or partly of buying and selling for scrap waste materials and old, broken, worn out, defaced or partly manufactured articles made wholly or partly of metal which he collects by means of visits from place to place and which he disposes of without causing them to be kept in a metal store or other premises (either by so keeping them himself, or by disposing of them or giving custody of them to a person who keeps a metal store);

• “metal” means any metal (including any precious metal) and any alloy of any metals, whether old or new and includes manufactured articles, whether old or new, made wholly or partly of metal, of any of the materials commonly known as hard metal or of cemented or sintered metallic carbides;

• “metal dealer” means a person carrying on business in terms of subsection (2) below but does not include an itinerant metal dealer within the meaning of this subsection;

• “metal store” means a place where metal is received or kept in the course of a metal dealer’s business;

• “processing”, in relation to metal, includes melting down and any process whereby the composition or form of the metal or of any article which is made of the metal is altered so as to make it substantially less identifiable than before the process, and “process” and “processed” shall be construed accordingly.

(2)For the purposes of sections 28 to 36 of this Act a person carries on business as a metal dealer if he carries on a business which consists wholly or partly of buying and selling for scrap old, broken, worn out, defaced or partly manufactured articles made wholly or partly of metal (whether the metal sold is in the form in which it was bought or otherwise), other than a business in the course of which metal is not bought except as materials for the manufacture of other articles and is not sold except as a by-product of such manufacture or as surplus materials bought but not required for such manufacture.

Miscellaneous licencesS

38 Boat hire licences.S

(1)Subject to the provisions of this section, a licence under this Act, to be known as a “boat hire licence”, shall be required for the use of a vessel, in the course of a trade or business carried on in or from any place within the area of a licensing authority, for the purpose of—

(a)letting it on hire; or

(b)carrying for reward 12 or fewer passengers,

for pleasure, recreational, educational or sporting purposes.

(2)A boat hire licence may relate to one or more vessels or classes of vessel and shall specify—

(a)the vessels or the classes of vessels to which it relates; and

(b)the maximum number of vessels or of each class of vessel which may be used under the licence.

(3)A boat hire licence shall extend to the use of any vessel added to or substituted for a vessel to which the licence relates if—

(a)the additional or substitute vessel is of identical type to a vessel of a class to which the licence relates; and

(b)the maximum number referred to in subsection (2)(b) above is not exceeded.

(4)A boat hire licence shall not be required in respect of the use—

(a)of any vessel in respect of which there is in force a passenger certificate, load line certificate or load line exemption certificate under the Merchant Shipping Acts 1894 to 1981;

(b)for a continuous period of over 24 hours, of any vessel having overnight sleeping accommodation;

(c)of any vessel for the purpose of instruction or training in seamanship;

(d)of any vessel exclusively for fishing in non-tidal waters;

(e)of any vessel—

(i)on any inland waterway; or

(ii)at any harbour

owned or managed by the British Waterways Board; or

(f)of any vessel with the consent of the harbour authority (within the meaning of the M13Harbours Act 1964) in any harbour owned or managed by them.

(5)Before granting an application to grant or renew a boat hire licence a licensing authority may require the applicant to produce a certificate in respect of each vessel to which the application relates issued by a person appearing to the authority to be suitably qualified for the purpose of issuing such a certificate stating that the vessel is suitably designed, constructed, maintained and equipped and in a safe condition for the purpose for which, and the place or waters in which, it is to be used.

(6)Without prejudice to paragraphs 5(3), 11 and 12 of Schedule 1 to this Act a licensing authority shall—

(a)refuse an application to grant or renew a boat hire licence;

(b)suspend a boat hire licence in accordance with the said paragraph 12,

to the extent that it relates to any vessel which is in their opinion not in a safe condition for the purpose for which, and the place or waters in which, it is to be or, as the case may be, is being used.

(7)Without prejudice to paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 to this Act, a licensing authority, on granting an application for the grant or renewal of a boat hire licence, shall attach conditions—

(a)fixing the maximum number of persons which may be carried in the vessel;

(b)specifying inland waters in their area, the inland waters adjacent to inland waters in their area and the tidal waters within which each vessel or class of vessel to which the application relates may be used.

(8)The holder of a boat hire licence shall effect and maintain in force in relation to every vessel to which the licence relates a policy of insurance to the satisfaction of the licensing authority and complying with subsection (9) below, and shall not reduce the amount or extent of the cover specified in the policy without the prior approval of the authority.

(9)A policy of insurance complies with this subsection if it insures such person, persons, or classes of persons as may be specified in the policy in respect of any liability which may be incurred by him or them in respect of the death of or bodily injury to any person caused by, or arising out of, the use of the vessel.

(10)Any person who, being the holder of a boat hire licence, uses or causes or permits any other person to use a vessel to which the licence relates without having in force in relation to that vessel a policy of insurance in accordance with subsection (8) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F34level 4 on the standard scale].

(11)Where—

(a)a vessel in respect of which a boat hire licence is in force is used—

(i)within the territorial waters of the United Kingdom adjacent to Scotland; and

(ii)within any inland waters or waters specified in the licence under subsection (7)(b) above; but

(iii)outwith the area of the licensing authority which granted or last renewed the licence; and

(b)all persons carried in the vessel embark initially from places within the area of the authority,

it shall not be necessary to have in force in respect of that use of the vessel a boat hire licence granted by any other licensing authority and the conditions subject to which the licence is held shall continue to apply to such use.

39 Street traders’ licences.S

(1)Subject to subsection (3) below, a licence, to be known as a “street trader’s licence”, shall be required for street trading by a person, whether on his own account or as an employee.

(2)In this section “street trading” means doing any of the following things in a public place—

(a)hawking, selling or offering or exposing for sale any article;

(b)offering to carry out or carrying out for money or money’s worth any service,

to any person in the public place and includes doing any of these things there in or from a vehicle or in or from a kiosk or moveable stall not entered in the valuation roll except where it is done in conjunction with or as part of a retail business being carried on in premises abutting the public place.

(3)A street trader’s licence shall not be required for—

(a)the sale of newspapers only;

(b)the sale of milk by or on behalf of a person registered under [F35regulations made under section 19 of the Food Safety Act 1990];

(c)the sale of coal, coke or any solid fuel derived from coal or of which coal or coke is a constituent;

(d)any activity in respect of which a certificate under the M14Pedlars Act 1871 has been granted;

(e)any activity in respect of which a licence is required under this Act apart from this section; or

(f)organising or participating in a public charitable collection within the meaning of subsection (16) of section 119 of this Act in accordance with permission granted under that section.

(4)Where an application for a street trader’s licence is made in respect of an activity which—

(a)consists of or includes food business within the meaning of [F36sections 1(3) of the Food Safety Act 1990]; and

(b)involves the use of a vehicle, kiosk or moveable stall,

the licensing authority shall, without prejudice to paragraph 5(3) of Schedule 1 to this Act, refuse the application unless there is produced to them a certificate by the [F37food authority (for the purposes of section 5 of the Food Safety Act 1990)] stating that the vehicle, kiosk or moveable stall complies with the requirements of any relevant regulations made under [F38section 16 of the Food Safety Act 1990].

40 Market operators’ licences.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a licence, to be known as a “market operator’s licence”, shall be required for carrying on a private market.

(2)A market operator’s licence shall not be required for carrying ; on either of the following—

(a)functions held by charitable, religious, youth, recreational, community, political or similar organisations;

(b)markets held only for the sale of livestock, fodder or grain.

(3)In addition to any other condition which may be included, a licence in respect of a private market shall include conditions as to—

(a)the regulation of days and hours of opening;

(b)the provision of adequate toilet facilities;

(c)the layout of the site or premises on which the market is to be held;

(d)the maintenance of order and public safety.

(4)In this section, “private market” means a market, whether covered or not, carried on by any person other than a local or public authority at which goods are offered by more than one seller for sale by retail to the public.

41 Public entertainment licences.S

(1)A licence, to be known as a “public entertainment licence”, shall be required for the use of premises as a place of public entertainment.

(2)In this section, “place of public entertainment” means any place where, on payment of money or money’s worth, members of the public are admitted or may use any facilities for the purposes of entertainment or recreation but does not include—

(a)an athletic or sports ground while being used as such;

[F39(aa)premises in respect of which a licence is required under section 41A of this Act while such premises are being used for the purposes mentioned in that section;]

(b)an educational establishment while being used as such;

(c)premises belonging to or occupied by any religious body while being used wholly or mainly for purposes connected with that body;

(d)premises licensed under the M15Theatres Act 1968, [F40section 1 of the Cinemas Act 1985] or Part II of the M16Gaming Act 1968;

(e)premises in respect of which there is a permit under section 16 of the M17Lotteries and Amusements Act 1976 while being used in pursuance of the permit;

(f)licensed premises within the meaning of the M18Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976 in which public entertainment is being provided during the permitted hours within the meaning of that Act; or

(g)premises in which machines for entertainment or amusement are being provided incidentally to the main purpose or use of the premises where that main purpose or use is not as a place of public entertainment.

(3)Without prejudice to paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 to this Act, a licensing authority may attach conditions to a public entertainment licence—

(a)restricting the use of the premises to a specified kind or specified kinds of entertainment or recreation;

(b)limiting the number of persons to be admitted to the premises;

(c)fixing the days and times when the premises may be open for the purposes of the entertainment or recreation.

(4)In this section, “educational establishment” has the meaning given by paragraphs (i) and (ii) of the definition of that expression in section 135(1) of the M19Education (Scotland) Act 1980 but includes a university and a theological college.

[F4141A Indoor sports entertainment licences.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a licence to be known as an “indoor sports entertainment licence” shall be required for the use of premises as a place of public sports entertainment.

(2)Subsection (1) above shall not apply to any occasion on which the entertainment of the public by the sport is not the principal purpose for which the premises are used but this provision does not apply in relation to a sports complex.

(3)Without prejudice to paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 to this Act, a licensing authority may attach conditions to an indoor sports entertainment licence—

(a)restricting the use of the premises to a specified kind or specified kinds of public sports entertainment;

(b)limiting the number of persons to be admitted to the premises;

(c)fixing the days and times when the premises may be open for the purposes of public sports entertainment.

(4)In this section—

• “premises” means any permanent or temporary building and any tent or inflatable structure and includes a part of a building where the building is a sports complex but does not include a part of any other building;

• “public sports entertainment” means any sporting event to which the public are invited as spectators;

• “sporting event” means any contest, exhibition or display of any sport;

• “sports complex” means a building—

(a)which provides accommodation and facilities for both those engaging in sport and spectators; and

(b)the parts of which are so arranged that one or more sports can be engaged in simultaneously in different parts of the building; and

42 Late hours catering licences.S

(1)A licence, to be known as a “late hours catering licence”, shall be required for the use of premises between the hours of eleven o’clock in the evening and five o’clock the following morning for the sale to or consumption by the public of meals or refreshment.

(2)The reference in subsection (1) above to the sale of meals or refreshment is a reference to the sale of meals or refreshment for consumption on as well as off the premises in which they are sold.

(3)Without prejudice to paragraph 5 of Schedule 1 to this Act, a licensing authority may attach conditions to a late hours catering licence fixing the days and hours during which the premises may be open for business, and different days and hours may be fixed for the sale of meals or refreshments for consumption on the premises from those fixed for the sale of meals or refreshments for consumption off the premises.

(4)A late hours catering licence shall not be required in respect of—

(a)the use as such of licensed premises within the meaning of the M20Licensing (Scotland) Act 1976; or

(b)premises being used in accordance with a public entertainment licence.

(5)A licensing authority may, on application made to them, exempt the use of premises requiring a late hours catering licence from the requirement to have such a licence—

(a)in respect of any particular occasion; or

(b)during a specified period not exceeding 2 months in any period of 12 months.

(6)The licensing authority may attach conditions to an exemption granted under subsection (5) above, and the provisions of Part I of this Act relating to the attaching of conditions to licences and subsection (3) above shall apply to the attaching of conditions to exemptions under this subsection.

43 Window cleaners’ licences.S

A licence, to be known as a “window cleaner’s licence” shall be required for carrying on the trade of, or being employed as, a window cleaner.

44 Additional activities.S

(1)The Secretary of State may, by order made by statutory instrument, designate any activity other than one of those specified in this Part of this Act—

(a)as an activity for which, subject to a resolution of the licensing authority in relation to it under section 9 of this Act, a licence shall be required and which, subject to such a resolution, shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions specified in the order; or

(b)as an activity for which a licence shall be required and which shall be regulated in accordance with the provisions specified in the order.

(2)An order made under this section may provide—

(a)that Part I of this Act, with such modifications if any as may be specified in the order, shall have effect for the purposes of the licensing of the activity designated by the order;

(b)for the regulation of the activity designated by the order;

(c)for the repeal or modification of any enactment which provides (whether consistently or not) for the same matter as the order;

(d)without prejudice to any provision of Part I of this Act which has effect, with or without modification, by virtue of paragraph (a) above, for the creation of offences and for making offenders liable, on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 60 days or such lesser maximum period as may be specified in the order or to a fine not exceeding [F42level 3 on the standard scale] or such lesser maximum fine as may be so specified or to both such fine and such imprisonment.

(3)No order shall be made under this section unless a draft of it has been laid before and approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

Part IIIS Control of Sex Shops

45 Control of sex shops.S

(1)A district or islands council may resolve that Schedule 2 to this Act shall have effect in their area; and if they do so resolve that Schedule shall have such effect as from the day specified in that behalf in the resolution (which must not be before the expiration of the period of one month beginning with the day on which the resolution is passed).

(2)A district or islands council shall, not later than 28 days before the day specified in the resolution for the coming into effect of Schedule 2 to this Act in the council’s area, publish notice that they have passed a resolution under this section in a newspaper circulating in their area.

(3)The notice shall state the general effect of that Schedule.

Part IVS Offences, Powers of Constables, etc.

Offences of annoying, offensive, obstructive or dangerous behaviourS

46 Soliciting and importuning by prostitutes.S

(1)A prostitute (whether male or female) who for the purposes of prostitution—

(a)loiters in a public place;

(b)solicits in a public place or in any other place so as to be seen from a public place; or

(c)importunes any person who is in a public place,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F43level 2 on the standard scale].

(2)In subsection (1) above, “public place” has the same meaning as in section 133 of this Act but includes—

(a)any place to which at the material time the public are permitted to have access, whether on payment or otherwise; and

(b)any public conveyance other than a taxi or hire car within the meaning of section 23 of this Act.

47 Urinating etc.S

Any person who urinates or defecates in such circumstances as to cause, or to be likely to cause, annoyance to any other person shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F44level 2 on the standard scale].

48 Dogs: fouling of pavements.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) and (3) below, any person in charge of a dog who allows it to deposit its excrement upon—

(a)a footpath or footway;

(b)a grass verge maintained by a local authority and situated adjacent to a footpath or footway;

(c)a pedestrian precinct maintained by a local authority;

(d)any place maintained by a local authority and used exclusively as a children’s play area; or

(e)any place maintained by a local authority and used for recreational or sporting purposes being a place in relation to which this section applies by virtue of subsection (2) below,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F45level 2 on the standard scale].

(2)This section applies in relation to a place, being a place referred to in subsection (1)(e) above, only if a notice stating that this section applies to it and the effect of such application is displayed at the entrance to that place or elsewhere so that it may be seen by members of the public intending to have access to the place.

(3)This section shall not apply to a blind person in charge of a dog kept and used solely for his guidance or to a stockperson in charge of a working dog being used for droving livestock.

(4)In this section “footpath” and “footway” have the [F46same meanings as in the Roads (Scotland) Act 1984].

49 Dangerous and annoying creatures.S

(1)Any person who suffers or permits any creature in his charge to cause danger or injury to any other person who is in a public place or to give such person reasonable cause for alarm or annoyance shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F47level 2 on the standard scale].

(2)A district court may, if satisfied that any creature kept in the vicinity of any place where a person resides is giving that person, while in that place, reasonable cause for annoyance, make an order requiring the person keeping the creature to take, within such period as may be specified in the order, such steps (short of destruction of the creature) to prevent the continuance of the annoyance as may be so specified.

(3)An application to a district court for an order under subsection (2) above may be made by any person.

(4)Any person who fails to comply with an order under subsection (2) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F47level 3 on the standard scale].

(5)The fact that there is a licence under the M21Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976 in respect of a creature shall not of itself afford a defence in proceedings under this section relating to that creature.

(6)Where a court convicts a person of an offence under this section or discharges him absolutely or makes a probation order in relation to him, it may, whether or not (in the case of conviction) it imposes a penalty under subsection (1) or (4) above—

(a)subject to subsection (8) below, make such order as it sees fit as to the disposal of the creature to which the proceedings relate;

(b)authorise a constable, in pursuance of such an order, to take possession of the creature.

(7)An order under subsection (6) above may, subject to any enactment relating to the protection or conservation of living things, be for the destruction of the creature to which it relates.

(8)No creature disposed of under an order under subsection (6) above shall be given or sold for the purposes of vivisection.

50 Drunkenness.S

(1)Any person who, while not in the care or protection of a suitable person, is, in a public place, drunk and incapable of taking care of himself shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F48level 2 on the standard scale].

(2)Any person who is drunk in a public place while in charge of a child under the age of 10 shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F48level 2 on the standard scale].

(3)For the purposes of subsection (2) above, if a child appears to the court to be under the age of 10, the child shall be deemed to be under that age unless the contrary is proved.

(4)A constable may arrest a person for contravening subsection (2) above if he has reasonable cause to believe that the child in the charge of that person is under the age of 10.

(5)Any person who is drunk in a public place while in possession of a firearm (including a crossbow, airgun, air rifle or air pistol) shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F48level 2 on the standard scale].

(6)In this section, “public place” has the same meaning as in section 133 of this Act but includes—

(a)any place to which at the material time the public are permitted to have access, whether on payment or otherwise; and

(b)any public conveyance other than a taxi or hire car within the meaning of section 23 of this Act.

51 Obscene material.S

(1)Subject to subsection (4) below, any person who displays any obscene material in any public place or in any other place where it can be seen by the public shall be guilty of an offence under this section.

(2)Subject to subsection (4) below, any person who publishes, sells or distributes or, with a view to its eventual sale or distribution, makes, prints, has or keeps any obscene material shall be guilty of an offence under this section.

[F49(2A)Subject to subsection (4) below, any person who—

(a)is responsible for the inclusion of any obscene material in a programme included in a programme service; or

(b)with a view to its eventual inclusion in a programme so included, makes, prints, has or keeps any obscene material,

shall be guilty of an offence under this section.]

(3)A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months or to both or, on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to both.

(4)A person shall not be convicted of an offence under this section if he proves that he had used all due diligence to avoid committing the offence.

(5)Under an indictment for or on a complaint of a breach of subsection (1) above, the court may, if satisfied that the person accused is guilty of an offence under section 1(1) of the M22Indecent Displays (Control) Act 1981 (offence of public display of indecent matter), convict him of a breach of the said section 1(1).

(6)Nothing in this section applies in relation to any matter—

(a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F50

(b)included in a performance of a play (within the meaning of the M23Theatres Act 1968).

(7)For section 5(4)(b) of the Indecent Displays (Control) Act 1981 (saving) there shall be substituted the following—

“(b)section 51 of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982.”

(8)In this section—

• “material” includes any book, magazine, bill, paper, print, film, tape, disc or other kind of recording (whether of sound or visual images or both), photograph, drawing, painting, representation, model or figure . . . F51;

• “photograph” includes the negative as well as the positive version;

• “public place” has the same meaning as in section 133 of this Act except that it includes any place to which at the material time the public are permitted to have access, whether on payment or otherwise;

• “prescribed sum” has the same meaning as in section 289B of the M24Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975;

• [F52 “programme” and “programme service” have the same meaning as in the Broadcasting Act 1990;]

and the reference to publishing includes a reference to . . . F53 playing, projecting or otherwise reproducing.

52 Indecent photographs etc. of children.S

(1)Any person who—

(a)takes, or permits to be taken, any indecent photograph of a child (meaning, in this section a person under the age of 16);

(b)distributes or shows such an indecent photograph;

(c)has in his possession such an indecent photograph with a view to its being distributed or shown by himself or others: or

(d)publishes or causes to be published any advertisement likely to be understood as conveying that the advertiser distributes or shows such an indecent photograph, or intends to do so

shall be guilty of an offence under this section.

(2)In proceedings under this section a person is to be taken as having been a child at any material time if it appears from the evidence as a whole that he was then under the age of 16.

(3)A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—

(a)on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months or to a fine not exceeding the prescribed sum within the meaning of section 289B of the M25Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 (at the passing of this Act £1,000) or to both;

(b)on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a period not exceeding two years or to a fine or to both.

(4)For the purposes of this section, a person is to be regarded as distributing an indecent photograph if he parts with possession of it to, or exposes or offers it for acquisition by, another person.

(5)Where a person is charged with an offfence under subsection (1)(b) or (c) above, it shall be a defence for him to prove—

(a)that he had a legitimate reason for distributing or showing the photograph or (as the case may be) having it in his possession; or

(b)that he had not himself seen the photograph and did not know, nor had any cause to suspect, it to be indecent.

(6)In paragraph 2 of the Schedule to the M26 Visiting Forces Act 1952 (offences against the person in the case of which a member of a visiting force is in certain circumstances not liable to be tried by a United Kingdom court) the word “ and” immediately preceding sub-paragraph (b)(iii) shall be omitted and after the said sub-paragraph (b)(iii) there shall be added—

“(iv)section 52(1)(a) of the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982.”

(7)References in the M27Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1975 (except in sections 171 and 368 thereof) [F54and in Part III of the Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968 (children in need of compulsory measures of care)] to the offences mentioned in Schedule 1 to that Act shall include an offence under subsection (1)(a) above.

(8)In this section—

(a)references to an indecent photograph include an indecent film, a copy of an indecent photograph or film and an indecent photograph comprised in a film;

(b)a photograph (including one comprised in a film) shall, if it shows a child and is indecent, be treated for all purposes of this section as an indecent photograph of a child;

(c)references to a photograph include the negative as well as the positive version;

(d)“film” includes any form of video-recording.

[F5552A Possession of indecent photographs of children.S

(1)It is an offence for a person to have any indecent photograph of a child (meaning in this section a person under the age of 16) in his possession.

(2)Where a person is charged with an offence under subsection (1), it shall be a defence for him to prove—

(a)that he had a legitimate reason for having the photograph in his possession; or

(b)that he had not himself seen the photograph and did not know, nor had any cause to suspect, it to be indecent; or

(c)that the photograph was sent to him without any prior request made by him or on his behalf and that he did not keep it for an unreasonable time.

(3)A person shall be liable on summary conviction of an offence under this section to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.

(4)Subsections (2) and (8) of section 52 of this Act shall have effect for the purposes of this section as they have for the purposes of that section.]

53 Obstruction by pedestrians.S

Any person who, being on foot in any public place—

(a)obstructs, along with another or others, the lawful passage of any other person and fails to desist on being required to do so by a constable in uniform, or

(b)wilfully obstructs the lawful passage of any other person

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F56level 2 on the standard scale].

54 Playing instruments, singing, playing radios, etc.S

(1)Any person who—

(a)sounds or plays any musical instrument;

(b)sings or performs; or

(c)operates any radio or television receiver, record player, tape-recorder or other sound producing device

so as to give any other person reasonable cause for annoyance and fails to desist on being required to do so by a constable in uniform, shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £50.

(2)This section is without prejudice to any offence under section 62 of the M28Control of Pollution Act 1974 (operation of loudspeakers in streets).

(3)Subsection (1) above shall not apply to the operation of a loudspeaker—

(a)for police, fire brigade or ambulance purposes, by a water authority in the exercise of any of its functions, or by a local authority within its area;

(b)for communicating with persons on a vessel for the purpose of directing the movement of that or any other vessel;

(c)if the loudspeaker forms part of a public telephone system;

(d)if the loudspeaker—

(i)is in or fixed to a vehicle, and

(ii)is operated solely for the entertainment of or for communicating with the driver or a passenger of the vehicle or, where the loudspeaker is or forms part of the horn or similar warning instrument of the vehicle, solely for giving warning to other traffic, and

(iii)is so operated as not to give reasonable cause for annoyance to persons in the vicinity;

(e)otherwise than on a [F57road], by persons employed in connection with a transport undertaking used by the public in a case where the loudspeaker is operated solely for making announcements to passengers or prospective passengers or to other persons so employed;

(f)by a travelling showman on land which is being used for the purposes of a pleasure fair;

(g)in case of emergency.

In this subsection, “water authority” has the meaning assigned by section 3 of the M29Water (Scotland) Act 1980.

55 Touting.S

(1)Any person who—

(a)in a public place—

(i)touts for the purpose of selling or advertising anything or otherwise obtaining custom so as to give any other person reasonable cause for annoyance; or

(ii)importunes any other person for that purpose so as to give that, or any other, person reasonable cause for annoyance; and

(b)fails to desist when required to do so by a constable in uniform,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F58level 2 on the standard scale].

56 Fires.S

Any person who lays or lights a fire in a public place so as to endanger any other person or give him reasonable cause for alarm or annoyance or so as to endanger any property shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F59level 3 on the standard scale].

Preventive offencesS

57 Being in or on building etc. with intent to commit theft.S

(1)Any person who, without lawful authority to be there, is found in or on a building or other premises, whether enclosed or not, or in its curtilage or in a vehicle or vessel so that, in all the circumstances, it may reasonably be inferred that he intended to commit theft there shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F60level 4 on the standard scale] or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months or to both.

(2)In this section “theft” includes any aggravation of theft including robbery.

58 Convicted thief in possession.S

(1)Any person who, being a person to whom this section applies—

(a)has or has recently had in his possession any tool or other object from the possession of which it may reasonably be inferred that he intended to commit theft or has committed theft; and

(b)is unable to demonstrate satisfactorily that his possession of such tool or other object is or was not for the purposes of committing theft

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F61level 4 on the standard scale] or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months or to both.

(2)For the purposes of subsection (1) above, a person shall have recently had possession of a tool or other object if he had possession of it within 14 days before the date of—

(a)his arrest without warrant for the offence of having so possessed it in contravention of subsection (1) above; or

(b)the issue of a warrant for his arrest for that offence; or

(c)if earlier, the service upon him of the first complaint alleging that he has committed that offence.

(3)Where a court convicts a person of an offence under this section or discharges him absolutely or makes a probation order in relation to him in respect of such an offence it may order the forfeiture of any tool or other object in respect of the possession of which he was convicted or discharged absolutely, or, as the case may be, the probation order was made.

(4)This section applies to a person who has two or more convictions for theft which are not, for the purposes of the M30Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974, spent convictions.

(5)In this section “theft” includes any aggravation of theft including robbery.

Powers of constables etc.S

59 Powers of arrest and apprehension.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, a constable may, where it is necessary in the interests of justice to do so, arrest without warrant a person whom he finds committing an offence to which this section applies or a person who is delivered into his custody in pursuance of subsection (3) below.

(2)A constable who is not in uniform shall produce his identification if required to do so by any person whom he is arresting under subsection (1) above.

(3)The owner, tenant or occupier of any property in, upon, or in respect of, which an offence to which this section applies is being committed or any person authorised by him may apprehend any person whom the owner or, as the case may be, the tenant, occupier or authorised person finds committing that offence and detain the apprehended person until he can be delivered into the custody of a constable.

In this subsection “property” means heritable or moveable property.

(4)This section applies to offences under sections 50, 57 and 58 of this Act.

(5)This section shall not prejudice any power of arrest conferred by law apart from this section.

60 Powers of search and seizure.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) and (3) below, if a constable has reasonable grounds to suspect that a person is in possession of any stolen property, the constable may without warrant—

(a)search that person or anything in his possession, and detain him for as long as is necessary for the purpose of that search;

(b)enter and search any vehicle or vessel in which the constable suspects that that thing may be found, and for that purpose require the person in control of the vehicle or vessel to stop it and keep it stopped;

(c)enter and search any premises occupied by a second-hand dealer or a metal dealer for the purposes of his business;

(d)seize and detain anything found in the course of any such search which appears to the constable to have been stolen or to be evidence of the commission of the crime of theft

and may, in doing so, use reasonable force.

In this subsection “second-hand dealer” and “metal dealer” have the meanings respectively assigned to them by sections 24(2) and 37(1) of this Act.

(2)The power under subsection (1)(b) above to require the person in charge of a vehicle or vessel to stop it shall be exercisable only by a constable in uniform.

(3)A constable who is not in uniform shall not be entitled to exercise the powers which he may exercise under subsection (1)(a) to (c) above until he has produced his identification—

(a)in relation to the exercise of powers under subsection (1)(a) above, to the person in respect of whom the powers are exercised;

(b)in relation to the exercise of powers under subsections (1)(b) or (c) above, to the person for the time being in charge of the vehicle, vessel or premises and to any other person in or on the vehicle, vessel or premises who, having reasonable cause to do so, requests to see it.

(4)In subsection (1) above “theft” includes any aggravation of theft including robbery.

(5)Nothing in this section prejudices any power of entry or search or any power to seize or detain property or any power to require any vehicle or vessel to be stopped which is exercisable by a constable apart from this section.

(6)Any person who, without reasonable excuse—

(a)fails to allow a constable in pursuance of subsection (1) above to enter and search any premises, vehicle or vessel, or seize and detain anything found in the course of such search;

(b)when required by a constable in pursuance of subsection (1) above to stop a vehicle or vessel and keep it stopped, fails to do so; or

(c)obstructs a constable in the exercise of his powers under subsection (1) above;

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F62level 3 on the standard scale].

61 Protection of insecure premises.S

(1)Where—

(a)any premises have been left open, unlocked or otherwise insecure; and

(b)in the opinion of a constable, the insecurity of the premises is likely to conduce to the commission of an offence,

the constable may take such reasonable steps as he may consider necessary to make the premises secure.

(2)Any reasonable expense incurred by a constable in making any premises secure under subsection (1) above may be recovered by the police authority from the occupier (or, where there is no occupier, from the tenant or, where there is no occupier or tenant, from the owner) of the premises.

Part VS Public Processions

62 Notification of processions.S

(1)A person proposing to hold a procession in public shall give written notice of that proposal in accordance with subsections (2) and (3) below

[F63(a)]to the regional or islands council in whose area the procession is to be held, or if it is to be held in the areas of more than one such council, to each such council [F64; and

(b)to the chief constable.]

(2)Notice shall be given for the purposes of subsection (1) above by—

(a)its being posted to the main office of the regional or islands council [F65and to the office of the chief constable] so that in the normal course of post it might be expected to arrive not later than 7 days before the date when the procession is to be held; or

(b)its being delivered by hand to [F66those offices] not later than 7 days before that date.

(3)The notice to be given under subsection (1) above shall specify—

(a)the date and time when the procession is to be held;

(b)its route;

(c)the number of persons likely to take part in it;

(d)the arrangements for its control being made by the person proposing to hold it; and

(e)the name and address of that person.

(4)A regional or islands council may, on application in accordance with subsection (5) below by a person proposing to hold a procession in public in their area

[F67(a)] made to them [F68; and

(b)intimated to the chief constable,] within the period of 7 days before the date when the procession is to be held, make an order dispensing with the requirements of subsection (2) above in relation to the time limits for the giving of notice of that proposal.

(5)An application under subsection (4) above shall specify the matters mentioned in subsection (3) above and, where an order has been made under the said subsection (4), the application for it shall be treated as notice duly given for the purposes of subsection (1) above.

(6)A regional or islands council may (whether upon application made to them or not) make an order exempting any person proposing to hold any procession in public being a procession specified in the order or one of a class of processions so specified from the requirement under this section to give notice to the council of the proposal to hold that procession.

(7)This section does not apply in relation to processions commonly or customarily held; but a regional or islands council may, as respects their area, order that it shall apply to any such procession so held or any such class of processions so held as is specified in the order.

(8)An order under subsection (6) or (7) above may—

(a)provide that its application in any case or class of cases is subject to such conditions as may be specified in the order;

(b)classify processions by reference to any factor or factors whatsoever;

(c)be varied or revoked by subsequent order made in like manner.

(9)The regional or islands council shall, before making an order under subsection (4) above or making, varying or revoking an order under subsection (6) or (7) above, consult the chief constable.

(10). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F69

(11)The regional or islands council shall, as soon as possible after they make, vary or revoke an order under subsection (6) or (7) above, give public notice of that fact in a newspaper or newspapers circulating in their area.

(12)In this section and in sections 63 to 65 of this Act—

• “procession in public” means a procession in a public place;

• “chief constable” means, in relation to a regional or islands council, the chief constable of the police force for the area which comprises or includes the area of the council; and

• “public place” has the same meaning as in [F70Part II of the Public Order Act 1986].

63 Functions of regional and islands councils in relation to processions.S

(1)The regional or islands council may, after consulting the chief constable in respect of a procession notice of which has been given or falls to be treated as having been given in accordance with section 62(1) of this Act, make an order—

(i)prohibiting the holding of the procession; or

(ii)imposing conditions on the holding of it.

[F71(1A)Where notice of a proposal to hold a procession has been given or falls to be treated as having been given in accordance with section 62(1) of this Act—

(a)if a regional or islands council have made an order under subsection (1) above they may at any time thereafter, after consulting the chief constable, vary or revoke the order and, where they revoke it, make any order which they were empowered to make under that subsection;

(b)if they have decided not to make an order they may at any time thereafter, after consulting the chief constable, make any order which they were empowered to make under that subsection.]

(2)The conditions which may be imposed under subsection (1) [F72or (1A)] above on the holding of a procession may include conditions—

(a)as to the date, time and duration of the procession;

(b)as to the route to be taken by it;

(c)prohibiting its entry into any public place specified in the order.

(3)A regional or islands council shall—

(a)where notice of a proposal to hold a procession has been given or falls to be treated as having been given in accordance with section 62(1) of this Act, deliver at least 2 days before the date when, in terms of the notice, the procession is to be held, to the person who gave the notice—

(i)where they have made an order under subsection (1) [F73or (1A)] above, a copy of it and a written statement of the reasons for it; . . . F74

(ii)where they decide not to make [F75an order under subsection (1) above or to revoke an order already made under subsection (1) or (1A) above], notification of that fact;

[F76(iii)where they have, under subsection (1A) above, varied such an order, a copy of the order as varied and a written statement of the reasons for the variation; and]

(b)where they have made an order under subsection (1) [F77or (1A)] above in relation to a proposal to hold a procession, make such arrangements as will ensure that persons who might take or are taking part in that procession are made aware of the fact that the order has been made [F77and, if the order has been varied under subsection (1A) above, that it has been so varied] and of its effect [F78; and

(c)where they have revoked an order made under subsection (1) or (1A) above in relation to a proposal to hold a procession, make such arrangements as will ensure that persons who might take or are taking part in that procession are made aware of the fact that the order has been revoked.]

(4)The regional or islands council shall comply with subsection (3) above—

(a)as early as possible;

(b)only insofar as it is reasonably practicable for them to do so.

64 Appeals against orders under section 63.S

(1)An appeal to the sheriff shall lie at the instance of a person who, in accordance with section 62 of this Act, has or falls to be treated as having given notice of a proposal to hold a procession in public [F79against

(a)an order made under section 63(1) or (1A) of this Act; or

(b)a variation under section 63(1A) of this Act of an order made under section 63(1) or (1A),

in relation to the procession.]

(2)An appeal under this section shall be made by way of summary application and shall be lodged with the sheriff clerk within 14 days from the date on which the copy of the order and statement of reasons were received by the appellant.

(3)On good cause being shown, the sheriff may hear an appeal under this section notwithstanding that it was not lodged within the time mentioned in subsection (2) above.

(4)The sheriff may uphold an appeal under this section only if he considers that the regional or islands council in arriving at their decision to make [F80or, as the case may be, to vary] the order—

(a)erred in law;

(b)based their decision on any incorrect material fact;

(c)exercised their discretion in an unreasonable manner; or

(d)otherwise acted beyond their powers.

(5)In considering an appeal under this section the sheriff may hear evidence by or on behalf of any party to the appeal.

(6)Subject to subsection (7) below, on an appeal under this section, the sheriff may

(a)uphold the appeal and—

(i)remit the case, with the reasons for his decision, to the regional or islands council for reconsideration of their decision, or

(ii)if he considers that there is insufficient time for the case to be remitted under sub-paragraph (i) above vary the order which is the subject of the appeal or make any such order as the council were empowered to make under section 63(1) of this Act; or

(b)dismiss the appeal,

and on remitting a case under paragraph (a)(ii) above, the sheriff may—

(i)specify a date by which the reconsideration by the council must take place;

(ii)modify any procedural steps which otherwise would be required to be taken in relation to the matter by or under any enactment (including this Act).

(7)The sheriff shall not exercise any of his powers under subsection (6) above unless he is satisfied that all steps which in the circumstances were reasonable have been taken with a view to securing that notice of the appeal and an opportunity of being heard with respect to it have been given to the council whose order [F81or, as the case may be, the variation of whose order] under section 63 of this Act is the subject of the appeal.

(8)The sheriff may include in his decision on an appeal under this section such order as to the expenses of the appeal as he thinks proper.

(9)Any party to an appeal to the sheriff under this section may appeal on a point of law from the decision of the sheriff to the Court of Session within 28 days from the date of that decision.

65 Offences and enforcement.S

(1)Subject to subsection (3) below, a person who holds a procession in public—

(a)without—

(i)having given or being a person who is treated as having given notice in accordance with section 62 of this Act of his proposal to do so; and

(ii)there being in force in relation to the procession an exempting order under section 62(6) of this Act;

(b)in contravention of an order under section 63(1) [F82or (1A)] or 64(6)(a)(ii) of this Act prohibiting the holding of it;

(c)otherwise than in accordance with a condition imposed by an order under section 63(1) [F82or (1A)] or 64(6)(a)(ii) of this Act in relation to the procession; or

(d)otherwise than in accordance with the particulars of its date, time and route specified—

(i)in the notice given under section 62(1) to (3) of this Act; or

(ii)where an order has been made under subsection (4) of that section, in the application for the order

except to the extent that a condition referred to in paragraph (c) above relates to its date, time or route,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F83level 4 on the standard scale] or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding 3 months or to both.

(2)Subject to subsection (3) below, a person who takes part in a procession in public—

(a)in respect of which—

(i)notice has not been or is not treated as having been given in accordance with section 62 of this Act; and

(ii)there is not in force an exempting order under section 62(6) of this Act in relation to the procession;

(b)in relation to which an order has been made under section 63(1) [F84or (1A)] or 64(6)(a)(ii) of this Act prohibiting the holding of it;

(c)which is held otherwise than in accordance with a condition imposed by an order under section 63(1) [F84or (1A)] or 64(6)(a)(ii) of this Act in relation to the procession; or

(d)which is held otherwise than in accordance with the particulars of its date, time and route specified—

(i)in the notice given under section 62(1) to (3) of this Act; or

(ii)where an order has been made under subsection (4) of that section, in the application for the order

except to the extent that a condition referred to in paragraph (c) above relates to its date, time or route

and refuses to desist when required to do so by a constable in uniform shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F83level 3 on the standard scale].

(3)This section does not apply to processions commonly or customarily held except that it applies to a procession so held if there is in force in relation to it an order under section 62(7) of this Act.

(4)Subject to subsection (5) below, a constable may arrest without warrant a person whom he reasonably suspects of committing or having committed an offence under this section.

(5)A constable who is not in uniform shall produce his identification if required to do so by any person whom he is arresting under subsection (4) above.

66 Relationship of sections 62 to 65 with [F85F85Public Order Act 1986].S

Sections 62 to 65 of this Act are subject to the [F85Public Order Act 1986]; and, without prejudice to that generality—

(a)an order under those sections, so far as relating to the same matters as those to which any directions given [F86under section 12] of that Act relate, shall be subject to those directions . . . F87; and

(b)anything done in conformity with any such directions . . . F88 or omitted, in conformity therewith, to be done shall not be an offence under section 65 of this Act.

Part VIS Lost and Abandoned Property

67 Duty of finder.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, any person taking possession of any property without the authority of the owner in circumstances which make it reasonable to infer that the property has been lost or abandoned (“a finder”) shall take reasonable care of it and shall without unreasonable delay deliver the property or report the fact that he has taken possession of it to a constable or to any of the persons mentioned in subsection (3) below, giving a description of the property and information as to where it was found.

(2)Subsection (1) above does not apply to—

(a)property found on the premises of, or used by, an undertaking which provides a transport service for the public, being premises such as omnibus stations, ports, airports or other similar places, or on any vehicle, vessel or aircraft used by the undertaking for such a service, if provision is made in relation to such lost or abandoned property by or under any enactment other than this Act;

(b)property found on the premises of, or used by, the British Railways Board or on any vehicle, train, or vessel used by the Board;

(c)motor vehicles which appear to be abandoned, whose removal is provided for by or under any enactment other than this Act; or

(d)any dog in relation to which provision is made under sections 3 and 4 of the M31Dogs Act 1906 (which relate to stray dogs).

(3)The persons referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a)the owner of the property;

(b)the person having right to possession of it;

(c)if the property has been found on land or premises, the owner or occupier thereof;

(d)any person apparently having the authority to act on behalf of any of those persons.

(4)Where a person who takes possession of property or receives a report about its finding is—

(a)a person referred to in paragraph (c) of subsection (3) above, he shall deliver the property or report the fact that he has taken possession of it to a constable or to any of the persons referred to in paragraphs (a), (b) or (d) of that subsection;

(b)a person referred to in paragraph (d) of subsection (3) above, he shall deliver the property or report the fact that he has taken possession of it to a constable or to any of the persons referred to in paragraphs (a), (b) or (c) of that subsection.

(5)Any person who reports the fact that he has taken possession of any property to a constable under this section shall, on being required to do so by the chief constable, deliver the property to such person at such time as the chief constable may direct.

(6)Any person who fails without reasonable excuse to comply with the provisions of this section shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding £50.

68 Functions of chief constable.S

(1)This section applies to any property which has been delivered or the finding of which has been reported to a constable under section 67 of this Act, or which has been found by a constable.

(2)The chief constable shall make such arrangements as he considers appropriate for the care and custody of the property.

(3)The chief constable shall take reasonable steps to ascertain the identity of the owner or person having right to the possession of the property and to notify him where it can be collected.

(4)The chief constable may, after the expiry of a period of 2 months from the date on which the property was delivered or its finding reported to a constable under section 67 of this Act, having regard to the whole circumstances including the nature and value of the property and the actings of the finder, offer it to the finder under section 70(1)(b) of this Act or, if in his opinion so to offer it would be inappropriate, may sell it or, if in his opinion it would be both inappropriate so to offer it and impracticable to sell it, may dispose of it or make arrangements for its disposal otherwise as he thinks fit; but he shall not do any of these things before the expiry of that period other than by returning it to the claimant under section 69 of this Act or by disposing of it under subsection (5) below.

(5)If the property cannot, in the opinion of the chief constable, be safely or conveniently kept for the period mentioned in subsection (4) above he may dispose of it or arrange for its disposal within that period in such manner as he thinks fit.

(6)The chief constable shall keep a record of particulars connected with the property and shall retain the record so kept for a period of one year from the date on which the property is disposed of under the provisions of this Part of this Act.

69 Claims by owner etc. prior to disposal.S

(1)The owner or person having right to possession of any property in the possession of the chief constable by virtue of section 67 of this Act, or of another person under arrangements made by the chief constable, may at any time prior to its disposal under section 68 of this Act claim that property from the chief constable in accordance with such procedure as the chief constable may direct.

(2)The chief constable shall consider any claims to property made under subsection (1) above, and, on being satisfied that the claimant is the owner of that property or has a right to possession of it, shall deliver or arrange for the delivery of the property to the claimant on such conditions (if any) as he thinks fit, including payment of such reasonable charges (including any reasonable expenses incurred by him or on his behalf) as the chief constable may determine and payment of such sum as the claimant may be ordered to pay under section 70 of this Act.

(3)Nothing in this section affects any right to or interest in the property arising otherwise than by virtue of this section.

70 Powers of chief constable regarding rewards.S

(1)The chief constable may—

(a)in the event of a claim to property being made under section 69 of this Act by a person appearing to him to be the owner of it or having right to possession of it, order the claimant to pay to the chief constable such sum as he may determine as a reward to the finder; or

(b)in the event of any such property not being claimed by such a person, give that property or any part of it to the finder, or pay him such sum as he may determine as a reward.

(2)In determining whether to make any reward under subsection (1) above and in determining the amount of any such reward the chief constable shall have regard to the whole circumstances including—

(a)the nature and value of the property;

(b)where there is a claimant to the property, the ability of the claimant to pay; and

(c)the actings of the finder.

71 Right arising on disposal of property.S

(1)Any disposal of property under sections 68 or 70 of this Act to a person taking in good faith shall, subject to subsection (2) below, vest the ownership of the property in that person.

(2)In the case of any such disposal of property made otherwise than for value, any person who was immediately before the disposal the owner of the property (“the previous owner”) shall be entitled within the period of one year after the date of the disposal to recover possession of the property as owner.

72 Rights to compensation.S

(1)Subject to the provisions of this section, the previous owner of any property disposed of for value under section 68 of this Act shall be entitled to compensation.

(2)A claim for compensation under subsection (1) above in respect of any property may be made within a period of one year after the date of its disposal under section 68 of this Act in such manner as the chief constable may direct.

(3)The amount of compensation payable under subsection (1) above shall be the net proceeds of the sale of the property, but no compensation shall be payable where the net proceeds of the sale of the property are less than £100 or such other amount as the Secretary of State may, by order made by statutory instrument, specify, and any such statutory instrument shall be subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(4)In this section, “net proceeds of sale” means the sum received for any property on its disposal for value under section 68 of this Act after deduction of—

(a)any expenses incurred in connection with the disposal of the property;

(b)any amount paid as a reward by the chief constable under section 70 of this Act; and

(c)such reasonable charges (including any reasonable expenses incurred by him or on his behalf) as the chief constable may determine.

73 No right of ownership conferred by finding.S

No person who—

(a)finds any property appearing to have been lost or abandoned;

(b)is the employer of a finder of such property; or

(c)owns or occupies the land or premises on which such property is found,

shall by reason only of the finding of that property have any right to claim ownership of it.

74 Living creatures.S

Where any person who has found any living creature, other than a stray dog or livestock (which expression shall have in this section the same meaning as it has for the purposes of section 129 of this Act), has been permitted to have, at his request, care and custody of that creature under arrangements made by the chief constable under section 68(2) of this Act and the creature—

(a)has continued to be in his care and custody for a period of 2 months, and

(b)has not been claimed during that period,

that person shall at the end of that period become the owner of that creature.

75 Stray dogs. S

In the M32 Dogs Act 1906—

(a)in section 3 (seizure and disposal of stray dogs) there shall be inserted after subsection (7) the following subsection—

“(7A)Where a dog is disposed of under this section to a purchaser in good faith, the sale shall vest the ownership of the dog in the purchaser.” ; and

(b)in section 4 (duty of finder of stray dog)—

(i)in subsection (3) after the word “ of” , where secondly occurring, there shall be inserted the words “ subsections (1) and (2)” and for the words “ forty shillings” there shall be substituted the words “ £50” ;and

(ii)after subsection (3) there shall be inserted the following subsection—

“(4)Where a person has taken possession of a stray dog, and kept it in accordance with subsection (2)(a) above for a period of two months without its having been claimed by the person having right to it, the person who has taken possession of it shall, at the end of that period, become the owner of the dog.”

76 Appeal to sheriff.S

(1)Any person mentioned in subsection (2) below may appeal to the sheriff against any decision of the chief constable made under the sections specified in relation to that person in that subsection.

(2)The persons referred to in subsection (1) are—

(a)a claimant under section 69 of this Act;

(b)a finder or claimant mentioned in section 70 of this Act;

(c)a previous owner mentioned in section 72 of this Act.

(3)An appeal under this section shall be made by way of summary application and shall be lodged with the sheriff clerk within 21 days from the date of the decision appealed against.

(4)On good cause being shown, the sheriff may hear an appeal under this section notwithstanding that it was not lodged within the time mentioned in subsection (3) above.

(5)In upholding an appeal under this section the sheriff may—

(a)remit the case with the reasons for his decision to the chief constable for reconsideration of his decision; or

(b)reverse or alter the decision of the chief constable.

77 Financial provisions.S

(1)Any moneys received by the chief constable as the proceeds of the disposal of lost or abandoned property under the provisions of this Part of this Act shall be paid by him to the police authority, and shall be treated as part of the income of the police authority for the purposes of the M33Police (Scotland) Act 1967.

(2)The expenses incurred by the chief constable in performing his functions under this Part of this Act shall be defrayed by the police authority, and shall be treated as part of the expenses of the police authority for the purposes of section 32 of the M34Police (Scotland) Act 1967.

78 Crown application of Part VI.S

(1)Subject to subsection (3) below, this Part of this Act binds the Crown.

(2)Accordingly, rights which the Crown has in lost or abandoned property shall be capable of being extinguished in accordance with the provisions of sections 71 and 74 of this Act.

(3)Subject to subsection (2) above, nothing in this Part of this Act affects the Crown’s right of ownership in lost or abandoned property.

79 Interpretation of Part VI.S

In this Part of this Act—

• “chief constable”, in relation to lost or abandoned property, means the chief constable for the police area in which the lost or abandoned property is found and includes a constable acting under his direction for the purpose of this Part of this Act;

• “finder” has the meaning given by section 67 of this Act;

• “previous owner” has the meaning given by section 71(2) of this Act.

Part VIIS Property in Possession of Persons Taken into Police Custody

80 Application of Part VII to property.S

(1)Subject to subsection (2) below, this Part of this Act applies to all the property which is found in the possession of a person, or in his charge, at the time when he is taken into police custody, that is to say, when he is arrested and taken into custody by a constable or when he is detained under section 2 of the M35Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 1980.

(2)This Part of this Act does not apply to—

(a)property which is, or is reasonably suspected by a constable to be, in the unlawful possession of a person taken into police custody;

(b)property which is or may be required as a production in criminal proceedings or which is or may be required by the police for any other purpose relating to criminal proceedings; or

(c)property consisting of the personal clothing and effects of a person taken into police custody.

81 Chief constable to take charge of property.S

(1)The chief constable may take charge of any property to which this Part of this Act applies and shall make such arrangements as he considers appropriate for the care and custody of the property.

(2)The chief constable shall keep a record of particulars connected with property of which he takes charge under subsection (1) above and shall retain the record so kept for a period of one year from the date on which the property is disposed of under the provisions of this Part of this Act.

82 Provision as to property where the person in custody is the owner etc.S

(1)If the chief constable is satisfied that the person taken into police custody is the owner or has right to the possession of the property—

(a)he shall require that person to make suitable arrangements for the collection, care and custody of the property; and

(b)if that person fails to make such arrangements as are referred to in paragraph (a) above within a reasonable time of having been required under that paragraph to do so, the chief constable—

(i)may make such arrangements as he thinks fit for the care and custody of the property;

(ii)if the property cannot in his opinion be safely or conveniently kept, may dispose of it, or arrange for its disposal, as he thinks fit.

(2)When a person in relation to whose property the chief constable has made arrangements under subsection (1)(b)(i) above ceases to be in police custody, the chief constable shall make the property available to him or to any person authorised by him to act on his behalf for the purposes of this subsection on such conditions as the chief constable thinks fit, including payment of any reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with the custody of the property.

(3)Any disposal of property under subsection (1)(b)(ii) above to a person taking in good faith shall vest the ownership of the property in that person.

(4)Any right which the Crown might have in property by virtue of its abandonment by its owner shall be capable of being extinguished in accordance with subsection (3) above.

(5)Any proceeds from the disposal of the property under subsection (1)(b)(ii) above shall, after deduction of any reasonable expenses incurred by the chief constable in connection with the custody and disposal of the property, be kept by the chief constable on behalf of the person in police custody and shall be paid to that person when he ceases to be in such custody or to another person authorised on his behalf.

(6)Where the proceeds mentioned in subsection (5) above do not cover the reasonable expenses of the chief constable in connection with the custody or disposal of the property, the chief constable may recover those expenses from the person who was taken into police custody.

83 Provision as to property where the person in custody is not the owner etc.S

If the chief constable has reason to believe that the person taken into police custody is not the owner or the person having right to possession of the property, the provisions of Part VI of this Act shall apply to the property as they apply to property to which section 67 of this Act applies.

84 Appeal to sheriff.S

Any person taken into police custody may appeal to the sheriff against the decision of the chief constable under this Part of this Act in relation to property found in that person’s possession or in his charge when taken into custody, and subsections (3) to (5) of section 76 of this Act shall apply to an appeal under this section as they apply to an appeal under that section.

85 Financial provisions: property of persons in custody.S

(1)Any moneys received by the chief constable as the proceeds of the disposal of property to which this Part of this Act applies shall, pending their payment under section 82(5) of this Act, be paid by him to the police authority, and shall be treated as part of the income of the police authority for the purposes of the M36Police (Scotland) Act 1967.

(2)The expenses incurred by the chief constable in performing his functions under this Part of this Act shall be defrayed by the police authority, and shall be treated as part of the expenses of the police authority for the purposes of section 32 of the M37Police (Scotland) Act 1967.

86 Interpretation and Crown application of this Part.S

(1)In this Part of this Act, “chief constable” means the chief constable for the police area in which the person taken into custody, within the meaning of section 80 of this Act, is so taken and includes a constable acting under the direction of the chief constable for the purposes of this Part of this Act.

(2)This Part of this Act binds the Crown.

Part VIIIS Buildings, etc.

87 Local authorities’ powers in relation to buildings in need of repair.S

(1)A local authority may, by notice in writing, require the owner of any building in their area to rectify such defects in the building as are specified in the notice being defects which require rectification in order to bring the building into a reasonable state of repair, regard being had to its age, type and location.

(2)For the purposes of this section, any object or structure fixed to a building or forming part of the land and comprised within the curtilage of a building shall be treated as part of the building.

(3)Where it appears to a local authority to be necessary in the interests of health or safety or to prevent damage to any property that they should repair immediately a building in their area, they may without prior notice rectify such defects in the building as could have been specified in a notice under subsection (1) above had such a notice been served and any person authorised by them may, on their behalf, for these purposes, enter the building and the land pertaining thereto.

(4)The local authority may recover from the owner of the building the expense of anything done by them under subsection (3) above or, where there is more than one owner, apportion such expense among them and recover from each the appropriate sum, but may remit any sum or any part of any sum due to them under this subsection as they think fit.

(5)A person who, in compliance with a notice served under subsection (1) above or under section 20 of the M41Public Health (Scotland) Act 1897, carries out work on a building which is, for the purposes of [F99Part V of the Housing (Scotland) Act 1987], a house shall have the same entitlement to loans and grants as he would have had if the notice had been served and to the extent that it could have been served under section [F99108 of that Act].

(6)In this section, “local authority” means the district or islands council except that in the case of districts situated within the Highland, Borders or Dumfries and Galloway region it means the council of that region.

88 Installation of pipes through neighbouring property.S

(1)The sheriff may, on summary application by an owner of a part of a building who requires, but has been refused or otherwise has been unable to obtain, the consent of any other person for—

(a)the installation—

(i)on the outside surface of any external wall or roof of the building;

(ii)in, through or under any part of the building which is held in common by the owner and the other person or any land pertaining to the building which is so held;

(iii)in, through or under any part of the building owned by the other person or any land pertaining to the building which is so owned

of such pipes or drains as are necessary for the purpose of water supply to, or the soil, waste or rainwater drainage or the ventilation in connection with such drainage of, the owner’s part of the building;

(b)the making of connections with common water supply pipes, or soil, waste or rainwater drains or drain ventilating pipes; or

(c)access to the pipes or drains referred to in paragraph (a) above for the purpose of their maintenance and repair,

subject to subsection (2) below, grant warrant authorising such installation, making of connections or access.

(2)The sheriff shall not grant warrant under—

(a)subsection (1) above unless it appears to him that it is reasonable that the installation be carried out, the connections be made or, as the case may be, the maintenance or repair for which access is applied for under that subsection, be done;

(b)under paragraph (a) or (b) of that subsection or, except for repair in an emergency, paragraph (c) of that subsection to an owner who has been otherwise unable to obtain consent unless it appears to him that the owner’s request for consent was made in writing to the other person at least 28 days before the application under that subsection.

(3)The sheriff may—

(a)make a warrant granted by him under this section subject to such conditions as he thinks fit;

(b)make such award of expenses as he sees fit in relation to an application under this section.

(4)An appeal shall lie to the Court of Session from the decision of the sheriff under this section.

(5)This section is without prejudice to any requirement to obtain approval under or any other obligation imposed by or by virtue of the Building (Scotland) Acts 1959 and 1970, the M42Sewerage (Scotland) Act 1968, the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Acts 1972 to 1974, the M43Water (Scotland) Act 1980 or any other enactment relating to building, the provision of public sewerage services, planning or the public supply of water.

89 Safety of platforms etc. S

(1)No person shall use or permit the use of a raised structure for the purpose of providing for himself or others raised seated or standing accommodation, unless such use has been approved by the local authority in whose area the raised structure is situated.

(2)In this section a “raised structure” means a platform, stand, staging or other similar structure.

(3)The local authority shall grant their approval of the use of a raised structure under subsection (1) above if they are satisfied that it—

(a)has been safely constructed and secured; and

(b)has sufficient means of entrance and exit including means of escape in case of fire or other emergency

in relation to the circumstances in which it is to be used; but not otherwise.

(4)If the local authority are not the fire authority (being the authority discharging in the area of the local authority the functions of fire authority under the Fire Services Acts 1947 to 1959), they shall consult the fire authority before reaching their decision under subsection (3)(b) above.

(5)The local authority may, when granting their approval of the use of a raised structure under this section or at any other time thereafter, impose by notice served on the person to whom approval is being or, as the case may be, has been granted such conditions as they think necessary relating to such use, and the conditions may include a condition as to the maximum number of persons permitted to use the raised structure and a prohibition on its use for so long as the conditions contained in the notice have not been complied with.

(6)Any person who—

(a)uses or permits the use of a raised structure for the purpose of providing for himself or others raised seated or standing accommodation without the approval of the local authority under subsections (1) and (3) above; or

(b)contravenes a condition contained in a notice served on him under subsection (5) above

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F100level 4 on the standard scale].

(7)This section shall not apply to—

(a)any structure in respect of which a building warrant has been granted;

(b)any structure in respect of which such a warrant, by reason only of the date when it was built, was not required; or

(c)scaffolding or similar equipment used in connection with work on a building or other structure.

In this subsection, “building warrant” means a warrant for the construction or the change of use of a building granted under section 6 of the M44Building (Scotland) Act 1959 (application of building standards regulations and building operations regulations to construction or demolition, and to change of use, of buildings).

(8)Nothing in this section affects any requirement to obtain approval or any other obligation imposed by or by virtue of any other enactment.

(9)The local authority shall charge such fees in respect of the discharge of their functions under this section as may be resolved by them from time to time and shall seek to ensure that the total amount of such fees is sufficient to meet the expenses incurred by them in that respect.

(10)In this section, “local authority” means a district or islands council except that, in the case of a district situated within the Highland, Borders or Dumfries and Galloway region, it means the council of that region.

90 Lighting of common stairs etc.S

(1)In this section—

• “common property” means common stairs or passages or private courts;

• “owner”, in relation to common property, means the owner or owners of lands or premises having a right of access by the common property;

• “private court” means any area which—

(a)is maintained or liable to be maintained by a person other than a local authority; and

(b)forms a common access to lands or premises separately occupied.

(2)A district or islands council may—

(a)provide and maintain lighting in common property; and

(b)light and extinguish the lights in the common property or arrange for that to be done.

(3)A district or islands council may continue to provide and maintain lighting in any place where they provided and maintained it immediately before the commencement of subsection (2) above notwithstanding that the place is not common property.

(4)Where, and to the extent that, the district or islands council for the area in which any common property is situated has not exercised the powers conferred upon them by subsection (2) above, it shall be the duty of the owner—

(a)to provide and maintain lighting in the common property to the satisfaction of the district or islands council; and

(b)to light and extinguish the lights in the common property at such times as the district or islands council may require by order published in accordance with subsection (6) below.

(5)A district or islands council may by notice in writing require the owner to comply with subsection (4)(a) above within 14 days of the date of service of the notice on the owner.

(6)An order made under subsection (4)(b) above shall be published once weekly for at least two weeks in a newspaper circulating in the area of the district or islands council.

(7)In the event of the owner’s failing to comply with subsection (4) above, the district or islands council may provide and maintain lighting or, as the case may be, light and extinguish the lights in the common property.

(8)An authorised officer of the district or islands council shall be entitled at any reasonable time to enter common property for the purpose of determining whether subsection (4) above is being complied with and a person authorised to do so by such a council shall be entitled at any reasonable time to enter such property and to do there anything which the district or islands council are entitled to do under subsection (2), (3) or (7) above.

[F101(9)A district or islands council who have, under subsection (2), (3) or (7) above, provided or maintained lighting or lit or extinguished lights shall be entitled to recover—

(a)from the owner of the lands or premises the expense incurred by the council; or

(b)where there is more than one owner of the lands or premises, that is, where the lands or premises are common property, from each owner such proportion of the expense thereby incurred by the council as the council may determine,

but the council may remit any sum or part of any sum due to them under this subsection.]

91 Installation of lights in private property.S

(1)A district or islands council or an owner of common property may, where it is necessary to do so for the purpose of performing their or, as the case may be, his functions under section 90 of this Act, provide and maintain lights in or on any land or building in or on which they have no right (apart from this section) to do so, and any person authorised by such council or by such owner may, at any reasonable time, enter that land or building in order to do so on their behalf.

(2)A district or islands council who provide and maintain or an owner of common property who provides and maintains lights under this section shall, in doing so, cause as little inconvenience and damage as possible and pay compensation for any damage done; and, in case of dispute, the amount of such compensation shall be determined summarily by the sheriff, whose decision in the matter shall be final.

(3)The person having right to any land or building in or on which lights have been provided and maintained under subsection (1) above may, on giving 14 days written notice to that effect, require the district or islands council or, as the case may be, the owner of the common property to remove them temporarily during any reconstruction, repair or similar works relating to the land or building, and if the council or, as the case may be, the owner fails to do so, the person having right as aforesaid may do so and recover the expense thereof from the council or, as the case may be, the owner, with interest thereon at such reasonable rate as that person may determine from the date on which a demand for the expenses is served until payment.

92 Cleaning and painting of common stairs, etc.S

(1)In this section—

• “common property” means common stairs, passages, water-closets, backgreens or basements or other similar areas or private courts;

• “occupier”, in relation to common property, means the occupier or occupiers of lands or premises having a right of access by, or a right in common to, the common property.

(2)It shall be the duty of the occupier to keep the common property clean to the satisfaction of the district or islands council within whose area the common property is situated.

(3)A district or islands council may make byelaws for the regulation of the cleaning of common property by the occupier in accordance with this section and such byelaws may provide that persons contravening such provisions of the byelaws as may be specified as provisions contravention of which is an offence shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F102level 2 on the standard scale] or such lesser sum as the byelaws may specify.

(4)A district or islands council may by notice in writing require the occupier to comply with subsection (2) above or with byelaws made under subsection (3) above within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice.

(5)Sections 99(4) and 106 of this Act shall not apply to a notice served under subsection (4) above.

(6)A district or islands council may by notice in writing require the owner or owners of lands or premises having a right of access by common stairs or passages to paint or otherwise suitably decorate the common stairs or passages within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice.

(7)A district or islands council may remove litter from a backgreen or private court.

(8)An authorised officer of a district or islands council shall be entitled at any reasonable time to enter common property for the purpose of—

(a)determining whether subsection (2) above and any byelaws made under subsection (3) above are being complied with;

(b)determining whether any common stairs or passages referred to in subsection (6) above require to be painted or otherwise suitably decorated.

and a person authorised to do so by such a council shall be entitled at any reasonable time to enter such property and to do there anything which the council may do under subsection (7) above.

(9)A person who throws down, drops or otherwise deposits, and leaves, litter in any common property shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F102level 3 on the standard scale].

93 Fire precautions in common stairs etc.S

(1)In this section—

• “common property” and “occupier” have respectively the same meanings as in section 92 of this Act;

• “combustible substance” means anything which is dangerously combustible in normal conditions and includes any container holding the combustible substance including any such container forming part of a motor vehicle but does not include anything forming part of any common property.

(2)It shall be the duty of the occupier to keep the common property free of—

(a)any combustible substances;

(b)anything which might obstruct egress from and access to the property in the event of fire.

(3)An authorised officer of the fire authority shall be entitled—

(a)to enter common property for the purpose of determining whether subsection (2) above is being complied with; and

(b)if it is not, and there is thereby an immediate risk of fire likely to endanger life, to enter the property and to do there anything he may consider necessary to remove that risk including seizing and arranging as he sees fit for the retention of any substance or other thing until claimed by a person having a right of possession to it.

(4)The fire authority may by notice in writing require the occupier to comply with subsection (2) above within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice by removing or rendering safe the substance or other thing (if any) there specified.

(5)Any person who fails without reasonable excuse to comply with a notice served under subsection (4) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F103level 3 on the standard scale].

(6)Section 105 of this Act shall apply to a notice served by a fire authority under subsection (4) above, as it applies to notices served by local authorities.

(7)The fire authority shall be entitled to recover the expense of doing anything under subsection (3)(b) above from the occupier or person having a right of possession to such substances or articles as are referred to in the said subsection (3)(b) but may remit any sum or any part of any sum due to them under this subsection as they think fit.

(8)This section is without prejudice to any other enactment relating to fire precautions.

(9)In this section, “fire authority” means the authority discharging in the area in which the common property is situated the functions of fire authority under the Fire Services Acts 1947 to 1959.

94 Disused petrol containers.S

(1)Where a fixed tank or other fixed container which has been used for the storage of petroleum spirit and is no longer used for that purpose (in this section referred to as a “disused petrol container”) is kept in any lands or premises, the occupier of the lands or premises (or, where the lands or premises are unoccupied, the owner) shall take all such steps as may be reasonably necessary to prevent danger from the container.

(2)The regional or islands council for the area in which are situated the lands or premises in which there is a disused petrol container may by notice in writing require the occupier (or, as the case may be, the owner) of the lands or premises to comply with subsection (1) above within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice.

(3)An authorised officer of a regional or islands council shall be entitled, at any reasonable time, on producing his authorisation to any person for the time being in charge of any lands or premises in the area of the council in which there is a disused petrol container to enter the lands or premises for the purpose of determining whether subsection (1) above is being complied with.

(4)This section shall not apply to lands or premises situated within the jurisdiction of a harbour authority (as defined in section 23 of the M45Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928).

(5)In this section “petroleum spirit” has the same meaning as in the Petroleum (Consolidation) Act 1928.

95 Private open spaces.S

(1)It shall be the duty of the owner of every open space which is—

(a)in a populous place; and

(b)set apart for use by the owners or occupiers of two or more separate properties,

to maintain the open space and any boundary walls or fences so as to prevent danger or nuisance to the public.

(2)A district or islands council may by notice in writing require the owner of an open space referred to in subsection (1) above to comply with that subsection within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice.

(3)An owner of an open space referred to in subsection (1) above shall be entitled to recover from each person entitled to use the open space an equal proportion of—

(a)the expense incurred by the owner in complying with that subsection; and

(b)any amount paid by the owner to the district or islands council under section 99(4) of this Act.

96 Statues and monuments.S

(1)A district or island council may—

(a)erect, maintain, or permit the erection or maintenance of, any statue or monument in any public place;

(b)demolish or remove to another site any statue or monument maintained by them;

(c)by notice in writing require the owner of any statue or monument not maintained by them which is in a public place owned by them, within such reasonable time as may be specified in the notice, to put it in good order and repair, or demolish it or remove it to another site:

(2)Sections 99 to 109 of this Act shall apply in relation to a statue or monument in respect of which a notice is served under paragraph (c) of subsection (1) above with the following modifications—

(a)any reference in these sections to the land or premises shall be construed as a reference to the statue or monument; and

(b)any reference to a tenant or other occupier of land or premises shall be construed as a reference to the tenant or other occupier of the land or premises in or on which the statue or monument is situated.

(3)This section is without prejudice to section 53 of the M46Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1972 (control of works for demolition, alteration or extension of listed building) or section 2 of the M47Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (control of works affecting scheduled monuments).

97 Street names and house numbers.S

A district or islands council may, in relation to any . . . F105 road . . . F105 in their area—

(a)give such name to it as they think fit;

(b)after advertising in a newspaper circulating in their area any proposal to alter its name and taking into account any representations thereupon made to them within 28 days after the date of the first publication of the advertisement, alter any such name;

(c)affix, paint or mark its name on any premises, fence, lamp post, pole or other structure in it so as to be readily legible to members of the public there, and erect poles or other structures there for that purpose;

(d)give each of the premises in it such distinguishing number as they think fit; alter that number when necessary; and require the owner of each of the premises, by notice served on him, to affix or paint that number on his premises so that it is readily legible from the nearest part of the public place giving access to the premises.

98 Luminous tube signs.S

(1)The Secretary of State may make regulations for ensuring the safe operation of electrical luminous tube signs, and without prejudice to that generality such regulations may include provisions—

(a)requiring the provision of switches to cut off the supply of electricity to such signs to the satisfaction of the fire authority;

(b)requiring the giving of notice to the fire authority by any person proposing to install such a sign;

(c)empowering the fire authority to serve a counter-notice prohibiting the use of such a sign if they are not satisfied that it is safe in the event of its being affected by fire or steps taken to put fire out;

(d)giving a right of appeal against a counter-notice to the sheriff by the person upon whom it has been served;

(e)making it an offence to fail without reasonable excuse to comply with any obligation imposed by the regulations which is specified in the regulations as an obligation breach of which is an offence and providing that any person guilty of such an offence shall be liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F106level 3 on the standard scale] or such lesser sum as may be specified in the regulations.

(2)In subsection (1) above—

• “electrical luminous tube sign” means—

(a)any luminous tube sign designed to work on a voltage [F107of such description as may be specified in regulations made under subsection (1) above], or ancillary equipment so designed; and

(b)any transformer required to raise the voltage of the sign or equipment; and

(3)The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

Powers of entry, execution of works, etc.S

99 Power to enter, execute works and recover expense.S

(1)Where, under any notice served by a local authority under this Part of this Act, anything is required to be done by the owner or occupier of land or premises in relation to the land or premises an authorised officer of the local authority may, on the expiration of any period of time specified in the notice as that in which the thing has to be done, enter the land or premises to see if whatever is required to be done under the notice has been done.

(2)Where—

(a)under any notice served by a local authority under this Part of this Act, anything is required to be done by the owner or occupier of land or premises in relation to the land or premises and the owner, or as the case may be, the occupier fails to do it in accordance with the notice; and

(b)there is no express provision in this Act, apart from this section, authorising the local authority to do whatever is required by the notice to be done,

any person authorised by the local authority may enter the land or premises and do or cause to be done whatever is required by the notice to be done.

(3)A person shall not be entitled to exercise the powers which he may exercise under subsections (1) or (2) above until he has produced his authorisation to do so to the person for the time being in charge of the land or premises.

(4)Subject to subsection (7) below, a local authority shall be entitled to recover the expense of doing anything in relation to any land or premises under subsection (2) above from the owner or, as the case may be, the occupier of the land or premises but may remit any sum or any part of any sum due to them under this subsection as they think fit.

(5)Where such expense as is mentioned in subsection (4) above is recoverable under that subsection from more than one person, the local authority may apportion such expense among them.

(6)Where a local authority claim to recover any expense as is mentioned in subsection (4) above from a person and he proves that he—

(a)is receiving the rent of the land or premises merely as trustee, tutor, curator, factor or agent for some other person; and

(b)has not, and since the date of service on him of the demand for payment has not had, in his hands on behalf of that other person sufficient money to discharge the whole demand of the authority,

his liability shall be limited to the total amount of money which he has or has had in his hands as aforesaid.

(7)Subsection (4) above does not apply in relation to any cleaning of common property done under subsection (2) above.

(8)In this section and in sections 100 to 109 of this Act references to the occupier of land or premises include references to the occupier of common property within the meaning given to those expressions by section 92 of this Act.

100 Interest on expenses.S

Where under any provision of this Part of this Act a local authority is entitled to recover expenses, they shall also be entitled to interest thereon at such reasonable rate as they may determine from the date on which a demand for the expenses is served until payment but they may remit any sum or any part of any sum due to them as interest as they think fit.

101 Offences relating to powers of entry and carrying out of works.S

Any person who—

(a)fails without reasonable excuse to permit—

(i)an authorised officer of a local authority who, in pursuance of sections 90(8), 91(1), 92(8) or 99(1) of this Act, demands to do so, to enter any land or premises; or

(ii)a person authorised by a local authority under section 87(3), 90(8), 91(1), 92(8) or 99(2) of this Act to enter any land or premises and do or cause anything to be done there who demands to do so or an owner of land, building or other premises or his contractors or workmen who having been authorised under section 88 or 104 or being entitled under section 91(1) of this Act to enter the land, building or other premises and execute work there demands or demand to do so, to enter the land, building or other premises and do there whatever is to be done; or

(b)obstructs the entry in pursuance of this Act to any land or premises of, or the doing there in accordance with this Act of anything by, any such authorised officer or other person who has demanded so to enter or so to do that thing,

shall be guilty of an offence and liable, on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [F108level 3 on the standard scale].

102 Entry warrants.S

(1)If a justice of the peace or sheriff is satisfied by evidence on oath that—

(a)entry to any land or premises which a person is entitled to enter in pursuance of this Part of this Act has been refused to that person or he has been prevented from doing there anything which he is entitled to do in pursuance of this Part of this Act or such refusal or prevention is apprehended or that the land or premises are unoccupied or that the occupier is temporarily absent or that the case is one of emergency; and

(b)there is reasonable ground for entry to the land or premises for the purposes for which entry is required

he may grant a warrant to the person to enter the land or premises specified in the warrant if need be by force and to do whatever is to be done.

(2)A warrant issued in pursuance of this section shall continue in force for a period of one month beginning with the day on which it was granted or until the purpose for which entry is required has been satisfied, whichever is the shorter.

(3)A person who has been granted a warrant under this section to enter any unoccupied land or premises or land or premises the occupier of which is temporarily absent shall leave the land or premises as effectively secured against trespassers as he found it or them.

103 Execution of owner’s works by occupier.S

(1)If, in relation to any land or premises, the owner of the land or premises fails to do anything which he is required to do by notice served under this Part of this Act, the tenant or other occupier of the land or premises may, with the consent of the local authority which served the notice, do whatever the notice requires to be done, and may, subject to subsection (2) below, deduct the expense of doing so (with interest thereon from the date on which the expense was incurred at such reasonable rate as the local authority may determine) from any rent due or to be due by the tenant or occupier to the owner in respect of the land or premises.

(2)Nothing in subsection (1) above authorises the deduction of any expenses from any rent where the deduction would be at variance with any right or obligation arising apart from that subsection between the owner of the land or premises and the tenant or occupier thereof.

104 Powers of entry: occupier and owner.S

If the tenant or other occupier of any land or premises prevents the owner of them from executing any work which he is required to execute in pursuance of any notice served by a local authority under this Part of this Act, the sheriff may, on the application of the owner, authorise the owner and his contractors and workmen to enter the land or premises for the purpose of executing such work.

105 Contents of notices.S

Except where otherwise expressly provided under this Part of this Act, any notice issued or served by a local authority under this said Part regarding the doing of any thing in relation to land or premises shall, so far as necessary and reasonably practicable, specify—

(a)details, including the location, of the land or premises;

(b)the nature of any works which have to be carried out and of any requirements which have to be met; and

(c)the period within which the notice has to be complied with.

106 Appeals.S

(1)A person may, in accordance with subsection (3) below, appeal to the sheriff—

(a)against any requirement in any notice served on him under this Part of this Act by a local authority; or

(b)in respect of the amount of any expenses or interest claimed from him or the rate at which interest is charged against him under this Part of this Act.

(2)The owner of any land or premises may, in accordance with subsection (3) below, appeal to the sheriff in respect of any expenses or interest (including the rate at which interest is charged) claimed or deducted under section 103 of this Act.

(3)An appeal under subsection (1) or (2) above shall be made by way of summary application and shall be lodged within 14 days of—

(a)in the case of an appeal under paragraph (a) of subsection (1) above, the date of service of the notice; and

(b)in other cases, the date of service of the claim for payment or, in the case of an appeal under subsection (2) above where the expense or interest has been deducted from rent, the date of that deduction.

(4)The sheriff may, on an appeal under this section—

(a)order that the requirement appealed against shall be of no effect or that it shall have effect subject to such modifications as he may specify in his order or confirm it;

(b)make such order as to the expenses which are or interest which is the subject of the appeal as appears to him appropriate.

(5)Any party to an appeal under subsection (1) or (2) above may appeal on a point of law from the sheriff’s decision to the Court of Session within 14 days from the date of that decision.

(6)No appeal shall lie from the opinion of the Court of Session given in pursuance of subsection (5) above.

107 Time for enforcing certain notices.S

A notice containing a requirement which may be appealed against under paragraph (a) of section 106(1) of this Act shall not be acted upon by a local authority or any person authorised by a local authority to do anything until the time for appealing under that paragraph has expired or, if an appeal thereunder has been lodged, until it is disposed of or abandoned.

108 Recovery of expenses incurred under section 87 by charging order.S

(1)Where, under—

(a)section 87(3) of this Act; or

(b)section 99(4) thereof (to the extent that it relates to failure to rectify a defect specified in a notice served under section 87(1) thereof)

a local authority are entitled to recover any expenses, they may make in favour of themselves an order providing and declaring that the land, building or premises is thereby charged and burdened with an annuity to pay the amount of the expenses.

(2)Paragraphs 2 to 8 of Schedule [F1099 to the Housing (Scotland) Act 1987] shall apply to an order under subsection (1) above as they apply to a charging order under paragraph 1 of that Schedule but with the following modifications, that is to say, in sub-paragraph (b)(i) of paragraph 4 of that Schedule at the end there shall be inserted the words “or any sum secured by virtue of section 5(5) to (8) of the M48Land Tenure Reform (Scotland) Act 1974” and in sub-paragraph (b)(ii) of that paragraph, after the word “Act”, where thirdly occurring, there shall be inserted the words “or under the M49Building (Scotland) Act 1959.”.

109 Replacement of provisions of this Part by Health and Safety Regulations.S

Subsection (1) of section 80 of the M50Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (repeal or modification of certain provisions by regulations) shall apply to any provision of this Part of this Act and to any byelaws made under any such provision as it applies to any provision mentioned in subsection (2) of that section.

Part IXS Miscellaneous and General

ByelawsS

110

(1)The M51 Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 shall be amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3) below.

(2)In section 202 of that Act (procedure etc. for byelaws)—

(a)for subsection (1)(c)(ii) there shall be substituted the following—

“(ii)the Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982 ;”; and

(b)in subsection (9), for the words “ Burgh Police (Scotland) Acts 1892 and 1903” there shall be substituted the words “ Civic Government (Scotland) Act 1982”.

(3)After the said section 202 there shall be inserted the following sections—

“202A Review of byelaws.

A local authority shall, not later than 10 years from whichever is the later of the following times—

(a)the coming into force of a byelaw which they have the power to revoke or amend ;

(b)the coming into force of this section ;

review that byelaw and do so thereafter at intervals of not more than 10 years.

202B Register of byelaws.

(2)The register kept under subsection (1) above shall contain—

(a)a description of the byelaws, including a description of any offences created and penalties imposed by the byelaws;