The Origins of the Boxer UprisingIn the summer of 1900, bands of peasant youths from the villages of north China streamed into Beijing to besiege the foreign legations, attracting the attention of the entire world. Joseph Esherick reconstructs the early history of the Boxers, challenging the traditional view that they grew from earlier anti-dynastic sects, and stressing instead the impact of social ecology and popular culture. |
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anti-Christian Anzer arrest attack banditry bandits Beijing Big Sword Society Bing-heng border Boxer leaders Boxer movement Boxer ritual Boxer Uprising Boxers United Caozhou Catholic CBOC Chinese Chiping Christians church cited DASL Dezhou dong edict exclave foreign Gaotang gentry German governor Grand Canal groups Guan county Henan heterodox imperial incidents Jiang Jiangsu Jiaozhou Jinan Jining ju-ren JWJAD landlords Lao Nai-xuan Linqing Liyuantun magistrate martial arts military militia mission missionaries north China plain northwest Shandong officials oral history peasants Pingyuan Plum Flower popular protect province Qing rebellion rebels received GX region Rizhao SD Survey SDDC SDXF sectarian Shan Shantung southwest Spirit Boxers spread Stenz Taiping temple Tianjin troops United in Righteousness village Wang Wang Lun White Lotus White Lotus sects xian-zhi Yangzi Yellow River Yi-he Boxers Yi-he-tuan YLSL Yu-lu Yu-xian Yuan Shi-kai Zhang Ru-mei Zhao San-duo Zhili Zhu Hong-deng Zongli Yamen