5 A Day is any of various national campaigns in developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, to encourage the consumption of at least five portions of 80 g of fruit and vegetables each day, following a recommendation by the World Health Organization that individuals consume "a minimum of 400g of fruit and vegetables per day (excluding potatoes and other starchy tubers)."[1] A meta-analysis of the many studies of this issue was published in 2017 and found that consumption of double the minimum recommendation – 800g or ten a day – provided an increased protection against all forms of mortality.[2][3] In some places, people are being encouraged to aim for not just five portions a day, but seven.
Evidence
editThe examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (January 2021) |
Eating fruit and vegetables improves health and well being. Increasing vegetable intake to this desired level has a variety of major and minor health benefits. Benefits include reduction in the risk of many types of cancer, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.[4] The National Cancer Institute provided research for the program, while the Produce for Better Health Foundation implemented the program into the food service industry.[5]
International views
editAustralia
editGo for 2 & 5 is the equivalent campaign in Australia, in which adults are said to need to eat at least two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables each day.[6] A "standard serving of fruit" is 150 grams of fresh fruit, whereas a "standard serve of vegetables" is 75 grams.[7]
Canada
editIn Canada, the Canadian Produce Marketing Association (CPMA), the Heart and Stroke Foundation's Health Check Program, and the Canadian Cancer Society have partnered together to create the Fruits and Veggies — Mix it up! campaign, encouraging Canadian families to eat more healthily. The campaign focuses on easy ways for people to eat healthy wherever and whenever they can.[8]
France
editThe French PNNS (Programme national nutrition santé, National nutrition health programme) recommends at least five portions of fruit and/or vegetables per day.[9]
Germany
editThe 5 am Tag (5 a Day) program operates in Germany.[10]
Japan
editThe 5 A Day campaign in Japan is administered by an NPO: 5 A DAY Association-Japan (一般社団法人 ファイブ・ア・デイ協会). The program recommends five servings a day totaling 350 grams of vegetables and 200 grams of fruit.[11]
New Zealand
edit5 A Day is also known as 5 + A Day in New Zealand. 5 + A Day was founded in New Zealand in 1994 by non-profit United Fresh New Zealand and became a Charitable Trust in 2007.[12]
Norway
editFem om dagen (five a day) is the Norwegian Directorate for Health recommendation to eat five portions of fruit, berries or vegetables each day.[13]
United Kingdom
editThe National Health Service explains a "portion" to be: two or more small-sized, one piece of medium-sized or half a piece of large fresh fruit; or two broccoli spears or four heaped tablespoons of cooked kale, spinach, spring greens or green beans; or three heaped tablespoons of cooked vegetables; or 1.5 sticks of celery, a 5 cm piece of cucumber, one medium tomato or seven cherry tomatoes; or three or more heaped tablespoons of beans or pulses.[14]
The programme was introduced by the UK Department of Health in the winter of 2002–2003, and received some adverse media attention because of the high and rising costs of fresh fruit and vegetables. After ten years, research suggested that few people were meeting the target.[15]
The campaign has come under criticism from Channel 4 because of government failure to prevent the food industry from claiming that their products constitute part of a five a day despite having added salt, sugar or fat.[16]
In April 2014, a study by University College London concluded that '5 a day' was not enough and that a healthy diet should contain 7 or more portions of fruit and vegetables.[17]
United States
editThe 5 a Day program in the United States was originally the National Fruit and Vegetable Program but was rebranded Fruits & Veggies – More Matters in March 2007.[18][19]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ WHO | Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world
- ^ Dagfinn Aune; Edward Giovannucci; Paolo Boffetta; Lars T. Fadnes; NaNa Keum; Teresa Norat; Darren C. Greenwood; Elio Riboli; Lars J. Vatten; Serena Tonstad (22 February 2017), "Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality–a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies", International Journal of Epidemiology, 46 (3), Oxford University Press: 1029–1056, doi:10.1093/ije/dyw319, PMC 5837313, PMID 28338764
- ^ Wighton, Kate (23 February 2017), Eating more fruits and vegetables may prevent millions of premature deaths, Imperial College, London
- ^ Slavin, Joanne L.; Lloyd, Beate (2012-07-06). "Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables1". Advances in Nutrition. 3 (4): 506–516. doi:10.3945/an.112.002154. ISSN 2161-8313. PMC 3649719. PMID 22797986.
- ^ Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 1996 Spring; Vol. 2 (2), pp. 27–35.
- ^ "Home page". Go for 2 & 5. Government of Western Australia. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
- ^ "What is a Serve?". Go for 2 & 5. Government of Western Australia. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
- ^ Pamela Riemenschneider (17 May 2011), "Mix it Up! takes over from 5 to 10 A Day", The Packer, archived from the original on 24 February 2017, retrieved 23 February 2017,
Fruits and Veggies – Mix it Up! says many different things to different people. The Canadian Produce Marketing Association introduced the revamped program to replace its 5 to 10 a Day campaign on March 1.
- ^ "Fruits et légumes : au moins 5 par jour". Programme national nutrition santé. Archived from the original on 2015-06-06. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ "'5 am Tag'-Kampagne: Wissenschaftliche Begründung" (in German). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e. V. 1 July 2001. Archived from the original on November 2, 2014. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
- ^ 5 A DAYって何だろう What is 5 A Day
- ^ Five a Day for Better Health Program, National Cancer Institute (U.S.), 2001, p. 184,
In New Zealand, the 5+ A Day campaign is funded by United Fresh, Inc., a nonprofit organization...
- ^ "Kostholdsråd". Norwegian Directorate for Health.
- ^ "5 a DAY portion sizes". NHS Choices. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
- ^ "Rising costs mean fewer are hitting target of 'five-a-day'", South Wales Evening Post, 26 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
- ^ Dispatches – Features – Myths About Your 5 a Day: Reporter Feature – Channel 4
- ^ "Fruit and vegetable consumption and all-cause, cancer and CVD mortality: analysis of Health Survey for England data" (PDF). BMJ. 31 March 2014.
- ^ About the National Fruit & Vegetable Program Archived May 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Rippe, James M. (2013-03-15). Lifestyle Medicine, Second Edition. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439845448.